LICKING COUNTY. 309 
slomerate is occasionally found in place, and fragments of it are frequent- 
ly observed in the slopes below its horizon. Along the Rocky Fork large 
blocks of it are strewn over the surface, containing angular fragments of 
fossiliferous chert, showing that the agencies which deposited the con- 
glomerate broke up a cherty limestone, and re deposited its debris near 
the place of its original deposition. 
The thin bed of very hard, white sand-rock, full of stigmaria, which is 
is seen in places below the lower coal in Fallsburgh, and which seems to 
take the place of the Conglomerate, belongs above it, and is an evidence 
of the prevalence of similar conditions over large areas at the time of its 
deposition. It is found beneath Coal No. 1, in Summit county, where 
the Conglomerate below is one hundred feet thick ; in Holmes county, in 
places just above the Conglomerate, and in others, where this rock is 
wanting, resting directly upon the olive shales of the Waverly. It is 
the normal bottom deposit in the old swamps of Coal No. 1. 
Olive Shales of the Waverly.—In the general section of the county, the 
interval of one hundred and fifty to one hundred and ninety feet below 
the Carboniferous Conglomerate is designated as “The Olive Shales.” 
This name properly describes the general character of these rocks, but at 
various elevations there are, in places, strata of massive sandstone, and 
in others, thin beds of argillaceous shales. These occur oftener than in 
Knox county, and therefore the Waverly hills are less symmetrically 
rounded, and have less graceful outlines. The section on page 358 illus- 
trates these changes in the character of the Upper Waverly. The suc- 
cession of strata there indicated is by no means persistent through the 
county, but on all horizons the sandy shales are occasionally cemented 
in thick, massive layers, and thin beds of argillaceous shale occur at all 
levels. 
These upper Waverly recks are in this county quite rich in fossils. 
Near their junction with the Conglemerate, and in the Conglomerate, 
beautifully preserved Trigonocarpa, and other fruits of the Coal-measure 
plants are abundant, and on lower levels species of Orthis, Productus, Spiri- 
fer, Gonratites, Nucula, etc., are to be found. 
On the top of the hills, at Granville, the Waverly is quarried, and, as 
far as exposed, shows the following section: 
EET. 
AU Lideaey Sel veleare (steps ejern cue tar My Mvetnte arsenate aia Ne ute ASN Ss Ohi) ou ad 4 
PO cUSe dean DLO menirOGke suse oes ts eye tees Me Cath a io a 2 
3. Shaly sandstone, in thin, eventy-beded layers ..............2.0----0---- 8 
AMO ANStOne willed s with Cawda-Galliicnscso2\s les Jae cee eee ss -acoe ss selece ws 4 
Scand rock wo ood: Dui din Ss StOMe sense semis aite elem bs Vainio euiee cess 14 
The layer of sand-rock containing Cauda-galli, is of the same character, 
