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BUTLER COUNTY. © 399 
The clearing of the valleys and their drainage basins has introduced 
many elements of change, and the formation of these bottom lands may 
almost be said to have been interrupted. This sandy bed, to which 
reference has been made, is akin in composition and character to the léess 
of European geologists. An excellent example of the formation may be 
seen in the river banks within the limits of the village of Middletown. 
It is burned here into a cream-colored brick that answers well for a 
paving brick, and which is quite extensively used for this service. 
Its composition is shown in the following analysis of aspecimen taken 
at the point above named. (Prof. Wormley.) 
_ Water combined 
SHINGO YOO cas odes 66h0 c6b0 Ah00 GsboGbau SHOD 660d 6065 666 Cobdoo EMob coomce 42.30 
Sesquioxide of iron 
PAU CRD Deen eeral arene crea aval sinta aie aia ate Duis tata cra save Mie sicta,  ciajial mie Sie oalates ale moe 7.52 
CarnponaveO1limeremarseee ser usiaie eee ie mite ecto see alta sissies wise inmaricwlees 23.21 
Silicate of lime ae CaN UP es apes Sear eT tN Pat ya ake) REE Cc THR TUN NE MH Reet LS 1273. 5.09 
(CR DOME OI MENTE. a66646 465000 c60a6 conn GODS HaSsaasddS boob GnEdeods 13.09 
99.389 
As can readily be judged from such a composition, soils of great fertil- 
ity are not formed from this deposit, but there can be no doubt that 
it would serve an excellent purpose as a top-dressing for uplands. It 
is, in reality, a shell marl, and would reward intelligent use very liber- 
ally. The thickness of this bed has not been found to exceed four feet in 
any exposures noted. 
There is often associated with the above-named formation a sort of 
clay from two to four feet in thickness that agrees in physical characters 
very closely with the “joint clay” of the western valleys. Its com- 
position is shown in the appended analysis. (Prof. Wormley.) 
WCE TIC OMIM II OC erpereanet ret tsi alate jaye cic Svante ata La to ak Ei MEM Be) GLO gel 4.20 
Silvei CRC deperemeyemeir ee cicrs Uae ints CAL e We ye Wd Ui Nea oa ule ou 70.10 
SESCULO xAlOKO LTO Ne veemeserste ne Hs cy ORicia Nae a sicle ore'd ssn ato te loltiatiem cleo las oc 5.30 
JUTE NEY Ae om esis GOO CONSE IESE EE Sea ie nae Ren Teas Sic eir Sh. Sil ae aR 13.90 
Silica teroilimersemyreccalasroe wanes Saleen eucin aaniey mapa che ES lan uke 2.10 
Ma onesiancanvOnatolenactra states csaicte ouisiains alkis cia ieleno itis Meret seelerajsisia Soa e ce 1.44 
PO tashwandasod acre cepts artoree vate vie rel arate cnet staid vay L rs Wika i La 3.20 
100.24 
This deposit can be also seen at the point named under the last 
head. It is, however, less widely distributed through the valley. 
GEOLOGICAL SCALE, ETC. 
The bedded rocks of Butler county belong, with the exception of the 
very limited area of one or two square miles, to the Lower Silurian, 
