MIAMI COUNTY. A79 
the whole, with the subjacent formation, I refer the reader to sections at 
the end of this article, showing the thickness of the stone at several of 
the best exposures in the county. 
The ojher exposures of the Niagara are those at the quarries at Coving- 
ington, and at Kerr’s, and at Hilis’,on Ludlow Creek. Good building stone 
is obtained at all of these. At Kerr’s and Covington, fine blocks are ob- 
tained, containing very large and fine specimens of Pentamerus oblongus ; 
trilobites of the species Calymene Blumenbachi occur frequently here. The 
quarry of Mr. Ellis, on Ludiow Creek, not many feet above the upper 
part of the Clinton, contains stone in its lowest part approximating more 
nearly to that of the Piqua quarries than any observed in the other quar- 
ries. J am inclined to believe it may be of the same age, and that it 
really lies lower than the lowest beds quarried at Covington. 
Clinton Formation.—The horizon of this formation has been already 
indicated. Whether the Clinton rises somewhat to the north or not, 
I had not the instruments to ascertain. A plane drawn through 
_ the upper portions of the cliffs at Charlestown, Col. Woodward’s, Milton, 
Ludlow Creek, and extending to the rock-bank of the Miami River, at 
Bogg’s Mill, in the edge of Shelby county, would nearly show the upper 
limit of the Clinton. Whether this plane would be horizontal or not, 
remains to be ascertained. I shall mention the principal exposures of the 
Clinton. The cliffs referred to several times are in this formation; the gec- 
tions given will show its thickness at the places named. The lime-kiln 
quarry of Mr. John Brown is in the Clinton. The lime burned at these 
kilns is very pure lime, strong, and valued highly by paper-makers, 
who make use of lime to soften the straw used in the manufacture of 
paper; at Mr. Rudell’s, on the Tippecanoe and Carlisle road, and on the 
farm of Mr. J. H. Harter, north of Honey Creek, can be seen good expo- 
sures of the Clinton. On the roadside, at his gate, a very friable stone 
may be seen, called sandstone; it is of a reddish color, and may be easily 
crumbledin the hand. On this farm are cliffs of the Clinton about fifteen 
feet in altitude. 
On the farm of the Messrs. Nooks the Clinton has been quarried for 
their own use. Here a Syringopora coral was highly developed and some 
masses of Favistella stelleta. The quarrying has been carried to a depth of 
about fifteen feet, every where characteristic rock of this formation. 
The highest locality, in Lost Creek, where the shale underlying the 
Clinton can be seen, is in a ravine on Mr. John Lefevre’s farm, below the 
old dam on the creek. 
In all exposures observed, the lower strata of the Clinton are of a 
coarse and sandy nature. The characteristic unevenness of the bedding 
