ASHLAND COUNTY. 525 
The Olive Shales No. 3, of the section, are by no means homogeneous 
in structure. At all levels they pass into rich, thick layers of quarry rock, 
some of it quite coarse and approaching the character of a Conglomerate. 
Occasionally, thin argillaceous strata are observed, and more rarely beds 
of impure, Fossiliferous limestone. 
About one mile north of Loudonville, on the road to Hayesville, a 
quarry of this rock is opened near the top of the hill, and one hundred 
and forty-five feet above the valleys in the immediate neighborhood. 
The hill forms part of a ridge extending nearly north and south with 
the valleys on each side. The rock is all silicious, of a yellow, olive 
color, some of the compact layers reaching a thichness of three and four 
feet. All the strata were originally evenly bedded in horizontal layers. 
They are now broken up to the center of the hill with lines of irregu- 
lar fracture, the strata crushed and displaced, showing the result of a force 
exerted upon each side of the hill, which has crushed the rocks as ashipis 
_ sometimes crushed in the polarice. A few characteristic Waverly shells 
are to be seen in the upper layers of the quarry. The hiils here, andto the 
north and north-east, have well rounded outlines, with graceful curves, 
showing that the rock-cores are substantially homogeneous in structure. 
The following is a section of that part of these rocks exposed in T. S. 
Sutherland’s quarry, one and a half miles south of Ashland village: 
FT. 
DD rahi lavgrerectaey eines ee ect e tens vais St cistat melo. wate ays ciolete ils cee acs 10 to 12 
Sandy shale, with hard layers at bottom....-...--. OSTA O oun ares ae 6 
Limestone, with a profusion of shells ...........----..-.. saan ce 1 to 14 
Shiahyesamd stone Aes secs ete Se eemicmncne mye colts aclckcajoaen aretiee.d Se 8 
Sandstone, in layers of 18 inches to 4 feet, to the bottom of the exposure. 
This quarry is capable of furnishing a large quantity of fine-grained, 
hard stone, strong and durable, and blue in color, but, like nearly all the 
rock from this formation, changing to a yellow on exposure to the air. 
This change is primarily analogous to that observed in the oxydation of 
the blue to the yellow clay of the drift, and the contrasts of color are 
about the same in both eases. 
The third band of limestone, near the top of the section, is crowded 
with the ordinary shells of the Sub-carboniferous rocks, and is of interest 
as pointing to the source of the limestone bowlders frequently found on 
the margins of the eoal fields, and filled with similar shells. Several of 
these were observed in Summit county, and were easily recognized as 
differing from the bowlders of the Corniferous limestone, which are still 
more abundant. No deposit of such rock is known in that county, or 
directly to the north of it. But wherever denuding agencies have 
broken up the strata containing such a layer as this, it is easy to see, 
