538 GEOLOGY OF OHIO. 
with little sulphur. It is atypical block coal, and most of it is mined 
without blasting. There is in the immediate neighborhood of Fairview 
quite a large area underlaid by a good furnace coal, which should all be 
saved for use in the smelting furnace. Southward to Dalton, explora- 
tions have been made to a considerable extent for this coal, with only 
negative results, but from all the information obtainable, it is decidedly 
probable that none of the borings were carried to a sufficient depth to 
thoroughly test the territory, and there is still here a promising field for 
further explorations, embracing a large part of Sugar Creek and Union 
townships. The pipes driven near Apple Creek, to a great depth, with- 
out striking rock, mark the location of channels of erosion, but these 
channels have probably not a great width, and, outside of them, all the 
coal strata will be found in their proper positions. Exploration for Coal 
No. 1 is expensive and uncertain, but its very great excellence justifies 
the expenditure where there is any reasonable hope of success. 
SUB-CARBONIFEROUS CONGLOMERATE. 
The Sub-carboniferous Conglomerate is here quite thin, and its out-. 
crops are not often seen. The western margin of the coal rocks is 
almost wholly masked by the Drift, so that it can be only approximately 
located, and on the greater part of this line the presence or absence of 
the Conglomerate can not be determined. It has here wholly lost the 
massive character which is seen in Medina and the counties east of it, 
and approaches in character to the yellow, shaly sandstone below it. Its 
supposed position is indicated on the map by ared band. It ought not 
to be regarded as continuous, but as existing in patches of undeter- 
mined extent. 
WAVERLY. 
The strata below the Coal Measures present little of interest to the 
geologist, and have no especiai characteristics distinguishing them from 
those on the same horizon in the counties to the west and south-west. 
The upper part of the Waverly, comprising the olive shales of Richland, 
Knox, and Licking counties, is alone exposed, presenting alternate 
masses of sandy and argillaceous shales, the sandy shales rarely consoli- 
dated into massive layers or affording good building stone. 
A little to the north of Wooster, about twenty-five feet of the Waverly 
is exposed in an open quarry, where the material is all yellow sandrock, 
most of it fine-grained, and some in layers of from one to four feet and 
more in thickness. All the layers are so crushed and broken that the 
rock, so far as exposed, is of comparatively little value. It is probable 
