§23 GEOLOGY OF OHIO. 
consequent uneven character of the floor on which the Coal Measures 
rest, has often been referred to in the Ohio reports, and by different per- 
sons. In the report on Holmes county, in the present volume, Mr. M. C. 
Read gives on page 544 an interesting illustration of this. Waverly 
rocks, capped with Conglomerate, are seen on one side of a hill, while 
on the other there are one hundred and ninety-eight feet of Coal Meas- 
ures, including five seams of coal. There was evidently an ancient 
valley in the old Waverly in which the Coal Measures were formed. 
Proofs cf similar valleys in regions adjacent to deposits of the Maxville 
limestone were long since observed. Of course the levels of the coals in 
them if continued would pass below the level of the limestone; but in no 
case have any rocks of the true Coal Measures been found directly underneath 
any of the limestones of the Maxville series, and I do not believe that such a 
case is possible. 
The Maxville iimestone is generally of much econumical value. The 
purer portions of it make excellent quick-lime. The quarries near 
Newtonville have furnished the stone for the beautiful new Court House 
at Zanesville. It is a firm, compact, durable stone, a little hard to work, 
but incomparably better as a building stone than any Coal Measure 
limestone in the State. When the projected railroads are completed into 
the Upper Sunday Creek Valley coal-field, this limestone will be carried 
to furnaces in that region. Thereare large areas of it along the streams 
with little or no covering of soil, Dynamite would rend it to fragments, 
and millions of tons couid be obtained at a trifling expense. At Max- 
ville and vicinity, this limestone is destined to play an important part 
in the growing iron manufacture of that region. The deposit below 
Logan has formerly furnished limestone to the Logan and Five Mile 
(Union) Furnaces. I have suggested to Mr. Walter Crafts, of the Crafts 
Iron Works at the mouth of Little Monday Creek, the desirableness of 
this limestone for his furnace, should he find it sufficiently near to be 
available. The deposit in Hamilton township, Jackson county, fur-. 
nished limestone for the old Webster Furnace. 
Coal Measures —The Coal Measures rest upon the Maxville lime- 
stone, and, where that is wanting, upon the Logan sandstone, or Upper 
Waverly. They consist of seams of coal, with interstratified deposits of 
sandstones, shales, limestones, iron ores, and fire-clays. 
The coal seams are not scattered at hap-hazard through the series, but 
have their places in the vertical range. A seam often becomes thin and 
worthless, and, indeed, in some places, fails altogether—the conditions 
having been unfavorable for coal-making at such points—but each seam 
has its own place in the series, and for this reason classification and 
system become possible. 
