1 Jury, 1901.] QUEENSLAND AGRICULTURAL JOURNAL. 125 
With regard to Mr. Dean’s reference to the very healthy and florid look of our 
late lamented Queen, you must understand that, as a result of very exhaustive 
experiments, it has been found that healthy people are not so susceptible to 
this disease. The more susceptible people are young children. Mr. Dean 
stated that my opinion had been somewhat altered. I may say that my opinion 
has not been altered, and in support of that I will refer Mr. Dean to my paper 
in the April number of the Queensland Agricultural Journal. This was a 
matter which I wished to bring under notice at the illustrated lecture I proposed. 
giving. In the St. Helena herd, three years ago, there were 23 per cent. of the 
animals affected with tuberculosis; but by our system we have not only elimi- 
nated every tuberculous beast from that herd, but during the last two years not 
a single animal has reacted, and we have given the St. Helena herd back seven 
animals which were the progeny of those disease-affected cattle. You can 
eliminate tuberculosis from your herd and keep the disease out of the herd. It 
is possible you may have a number of animals affected with tuberculosis. You 
have perhaps been striving to improve your herd, and the affected animals may 
be peculiarly valuable owing to their milking and other qualities. You can still 
retain the type and breed from these animals. You can raise a healthy herd of 
cattle from diseased parents. Not only have we done it at St. Helena, but it — 
is being carried out in every dairy in Denmark and America. At the time L 
commenced to work at St. Helena, the late Dr. Scholes, of Goodna, requested 
me to carry out the same work at the asylum there. At St. Helena 
we drew out regulations providing that after the animals were tested there 
was to be a systematic disinfection of the stalls. This was done, and 
the testing carried out every six months. No animal was allowed to be 
placed in that herd unless tested and found free from disease. At 
Goodna, through some misunderstanding, although the animals were elimi- 
nated, there was no disinfection of the stalls. At St. Helena they carried out 
the disinfection with the result that at the last two testings, eighteen and 
twelve months ago, we found no diseased animals. On the other hand, at every 
testing at Goodna we found a number of tuberculous cattle, and the proof of 
their being tuberculous was borne out by post-mortem examinations carried out 
in the presence of the whole of the medical staff of the institution. If you feed. 
calves with milk obtained from animals suffering from tuberculosis of the udder, 
those calves will suffer from tuberculosis. With reference to the cost of 
tuberculin: Of course, there is a considerable amount of labour attached to 
myself and the institute, but in connection with dairy inspection this tuberculin. 
is given free At 6d. per head it is avery small cost. But I would be prepared 
to stimulate the use of this tuberculin by recommending that it be given free. 
We are getting appliances to manufacture it on quite an extensive scale, and 
really the cost of it will be almost n7J. 
In reply to a number of questions, Mr. Pownn stated the further one got 
into the Western country the less tuberculosis there was. On the coast a lot 
of cattle were brought in to be stall fed, and in that way they ran a greater 
risk of being affected with tuberculosis. It was not to be forgotten that 
the sun’s rays were the greatest germicide known. Jf any germs were 
left on the grass they were soon destroyed by the sun’s rays. There 
was, therefore, no necessity to disinfect pastures. It was only necessary 
to disinfect places which the sun’s rays did not reach. As for how 
to know when a cow was affected with tuberculosis of the udder, Mr. 
Pound said that tuberculosis was a disease that manifested itself in various 
ways in different animals. There was really no part of the animal which 
it was specially fond of. He had known -cases of bulls where it was the 
testicles that were affected. A person could only definitely ascertain the pre- 
sence of a slight manifestation of the disease in the udder by killing the animal, 
but, ina more.adyanced stage, a person could distinctly feel the hard, knotted 
condition of the organ. One or two or three quarters of the udder might 
be hard and indurated. He was not absolutely correct in saying that those 
symptoms would be diagnostic of the disease. The milk, however, could be taken 
and microscopically examined. If they contained tubercle-bacilli, of course the 
