268 QUEENSLAND AGRICULTURAL JOURNAL. [1 Awua., 1901. 
blood-soiled excreta or urine containing hemoglobinurea. Then in puncturing — 
a bullock in a receptive condition, it inoculates the animal with these spores and 
gives it the malaria. 
These spores which infest the tick are, from numerous experiments, found 
to be passive spores, that is to say, they are powerless to produce the disease by 
inoculation. Nevertheless, if introduced beneath the skin by the tick itself, 
it induces the appearance of the disease. 
How are we to explain this phenomenon? ‘Two more hypotheses are still 
possible. Hither the spore undergoes, in the tick, a new evolution, by which it 
receives a shape capable of invading the organism, or else, by injecting a 
special saliva at the instant of biting, the tick imparts to the spore, conditions 
exceptionally favourable to its evolution. 
This last hypothesis appears to me to be the only acceptable one. In 
fact, if the positive inoculation by the ticks were due to a new evolution of 
the parasite, the sub-cutaneous injection of a mass of eggs, or of the bodies of 
the ticks, ought, at least occasionally, to give the bovine malaria. But not one 
single one of the numberless experiments made to this end has been attended with 
success. I have injected as much as 30 grammes (463 grains Troy) of ticks 
pounded in a mortar with sterilised water. I have also pounded up and 
injected ticks about to hatch out, others in different stages of their develop- 
ment, and, lastly, others whose evolution was complete, and which were gorged 
with blood, without ever once succeeding in causing a beast to contract the 
disease, nor in giving immunity to inoculated animals. 
IT call to your recollection a thoroughly demonstrative experiment, in which 
the inoculation with the bodies of young ticks did not produce the disease, 
whilst about an equalnumber of these same ticks, placed on the skin of another 
animal, caused it to contract a fatal malaria. 
Injected beneath the skin, the product resulting from mashing the ticks is 
yet not without danger to the animal, fouled as he is by the numerous and 
varied microbes passing from the digestive canal of the Ixodes. In the contents 
of ticks recently Perec one finds few microbes ; indeed, the different media of 
culture often remain sterile. But, later on, if the temperature is sufficiently 
high (25° to 80° C.), the flora of the bacilli becomes very rich, the few microbes 
absorbed finding in the blood of the ticks a medium extremely favourable to 
their development. 
Thus I have often produced, at the points of inoculation, inflamed swellings, 
a rather intense febrile reaction, and sometimes death. As a rule, the general 
symptoms show themselves during the first twenty-four or forty-eight hours, 
much earlier than if they had been produced by the evolution of Piroplasma 
bigeminum. 
I recapitulate here the history of a bullock which had been inoculated with 
the eges :— 
On July 1, 1899, I took 30 grammes (463 grains troy) of tick eggs—about 
1,800,000—coming from localities where the malaria was endemic.* 
I crushed these eggs in a sterilised mortar, without water; I thus had a 
homogeneous paste, greyish-brown in colour, which I diluted in 40 c.c. of sterilised 
water; the brownish liquid obtained was all injected with every aseptic precaution 
beneath the skin of an animal whose temperature then was 38°8 C. The liquid from 
the sides of the mortar served for making stained preparations in which I found 
several common microbes. 
July 2nd.—Temperature, 40°4 C. The animal is depressed, has no appetite, and 
is affected with severe diarrhea. At the point of injection a diffuse tumefaction is 
observed, 
July 3rd.—Temp., 39°5 C. Same condition as on previous evening. 
July 4th.—Temp., 40°3 C. The animal is very sick. In the red corpuscles, the 
number of which is normal, I find nothing. 
July 5th.—Temp.,37°5 C. The diarrhea continues; rumination is suspended; the 
animal is emaciated ; it dies on the following morning with a temperature of 37°1 C. 
* Another portion of the eggs, placed on the warm chamber, produced larve which, placed 
on the skin of a bullock, communicated bovine malaria to it on the eighteenth day. 
