1 Sepr., 1901.] QUEENSLAND AGRICULTURAL JOURNAL. 339 
Animal Pathology. 
EXPERIMENTAL TRANSMISSION OF BOVINE MALARIA, 
CONTINUED FROM PART 2, AUGUST, 1901. 
(By Dr, J, Licnieres, Chief of Staff, Veterinary College, Alfort, Specialist selected by the 
Pasteur Institute to investigate the infectious diseases of cattle in the Argentina Republic.) 
(Translated by A. J. Boyn.) 
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS. 
Bovine malaria may be especially confounded with anthrax. 
By the symptoms, their progress, and their termination, these two diseases 
may be very easily distinguished. 
In anthrax, one, so to speak, scarcely notices that the animals are sick, so 
rapid is the progress of the disease. A cure is quite exceptional. The mucous 
membranes of the diseased animal are violet-coloured. 
In bovine malaria one also sees cases almost lightning-like in their progress, 
but, as a general rule, the affection lasts longer—for four or eight or more days. 
Cures are more frequent: the mucous membranes are generally very pale. 
Tn malaria the urine is hemogloburinic, rarely hematuric in cattle anthrax. 
Finally, in this latter affection, the diarrhoeic excreta are almost always 
blood-streaked, whilst in malaria they are seen toe have a very special rusty 
colour, and to be slightly or not at all stained with blood. 
These, then, are the principal distinctive characteristics. In the post-mortem, 
less plain differences are met with. I will even say that, as far as the lesions 
are concerned, the two diseases ure very similar. 
The following table sums up the principal differential characteristics of the 
macroscopic lesions :— 
Bovine Manarta. ANTHRAX. 
Spleen—enormous, deep-coloured, often | Spleen—very large, with black pulp, soft, 
hard. semi-liquid. 
Liver—often yellowish, with a clotted bile.) Liver—always violet, with fluid bile. 
abundant. 
Kidneys—almost black, or else very pale. 
Urine—often hemoglobinuric. 
Lymphatic glands — lymphatic, little 
hypertrophied, rarely hemorrhagic. 
Muscles—of normal colour, apparently 
healthy. 
Blood—generally clear, coagulating well, 
reddening at first, then assuming a 
deeper colour. 
Kidneys —always congested. 
Urine—never hemoglobinuric, and rarely 
hematuric*, 
Lymphatic glands — lymphatic, very 
hypertropbied, often hemorrhagic and 
black; externally edematous. 
Muscles—always feverish, of a greyish 
colour, with a special odour called 
“‘ feverish.” 
Blood — thick, muddy, violet-coloured, 
coagulating and reddening badly 
from the moment of exit from the 
blood-vessels. 
1 particularly describe the appearance of the muscles which so well distin- 
guishes malaria from anthrax ; it 18, perhaps, of all the differential characteris- 
tics, the most constant. 
The microscopic examination establishes an absolute difference between the 
two diseases. 
Whilst one detects in the blood, in the organs, and, above all, in the spleen 
of animals affected by anthrax, whether in a fresh state, or after Gram staining, 
the specific small rods of Dayaine, nothing similar is seen in bovine malaria. 
Instead of bacterides, one finds in the red blood-corpuseles, principally in those 
of the kidneys, piriform or rounded hematozoa, which do not take the Gram 
stain, but fairly well take the methylene blue. 
* For my part, I have never observed hematuria in cattle anthrax, whilst this lesion is so 
common in that of sheep. 
