tt Bal, 
340 QUEENSLAND AGRICULTURAL JOURNAL. {1 Sepr., 1901. 
It must, however, be remembered that the Piroplasma bigeminum may be 
rare or even absent in the blood. 
The differential diagnostic may further be made by counting the red 
corpuscles, which often reach a very low figure in bovine malaria, which does 
not happen in cases of anthrax. 
Lastly, experimental inoculations complete and ensure the diagnostie. 
Bovine malaria can only be given by inoculation to cattle; the guinea-pig, 
the rabbit, the sheep, the goat, the carnivora, the pig, the horse, &e., are 
refractory. Anthrax, on the contrary, may kill all these animals. ‘The guinea- 
pig and the rabbit, which receive one or two drops of anthrax blood under the 
skin, die within from 48 to 60 hours. 
Some authors have seen a certain analogy between bovine malaria and 
bovine plague. 
It is very easy to distinguish these two diseases by the symptoms and lesions. 
Malaria is never so violent as bovine plague. The latter has no con- 
nection with ticks any more than has anthrax to do with them. In bovine 
plague the mucous membranes are the seat of specific accidents which are 
never met with in malaria. 
With regard to experimental inoculation, when bovine plague is in question, 
all the parts of the organism are virulent, especially for the bullock, the sheep. 
the goat, and even the pig.* 
When one has to do with malaria, the blood alone, or even the vaseular 
organs, can give the disease to a bullock. 
We shall see, by and by, that the Piroplasma bigeminum may be met with 
in plague-stricken animals ; in this case, the inoculation of the sheep, impervious 
to malaria, but sensitive to bovine plague, will be a sure diagnostic. 
Lastly, what we know of bovine malaria enables us also to distinguish it 
from aphtous fever, gangrenous influenza, epizootic dysentery, poisonings, and 
pasteurellosis (?). 
The appearance of anemic and enfeebled cattle in the virulent form of 
bovine malaria is, perhaps, approached by that presented by animals attacked 
by chronic bovine pasteurellosis. In the province of Entre-Rios I have often 
seen mistakes of this kind made in diagnosis. However, the alteration of the 
blood-vessels, the ossification of the lungs, and the different localisations 
possible on the viscera, suffice to characterise the chronic form of bovine 
pasteurellosis.+ 
Further, the number of red corpuscles, whatever may be the gravity of the 
anemia, is infinitely higher in bovine pasteurellosis than in malaria. 
PROGNOSTIC. 
The disease presents more gravity amongst delicate animals, and during 
the great summer heats. The appearance of the hemoglobinurea always 
aggravates the symptoms. Still, it is well always to hold judgment in reserve 
if it becomes a question as to what will be the termination of the disease. Tt 
often happens that animals which appear to stand very well an extremely high 
rate of corpuscular destruction, succumb suddenly in twenty-four hours ; 
others, apparently very sick, recover little by little; lastly, in atypical forms, 
death supervenes without a great loss of corpuscles and sometimes without 
heematozoa in the blood of the general circulation. 
The appearance of giant multi-nucleated corpuscles is an almost absolutely 
certain sign of recovery. 
TREATMENT. 
A host of substances has been employed in the treatment of bovine 
malaria, the salts of quinine, methylene blue, arsenical compounds, salicylate of 
soda, and above all, purgatives. Not one of these substances contains true 
curative properties. 
* Carré and Fraimbault: Annals of the Pasteur Institute ; December, 1898. 
+ Lignitres: Contribution to the Study of Bovine Pasteurellosis—Bulletin de la Société 
Australe de Médécine Vétérinaire ; 30th December, 1898, 
