510 QUEENSLAND AGRICULTURAL JOURNAL. {1 Nov., 1901. 
Frvurp Sprayer; Reservotrrs; Foor Vanve.—Classes 45, 69, 70, 80, 81, 
82 (5 Figures)—5994: Franklin George Benson, of Cheltenham street, Malvern, 
South Australia, engineer. “ Improvements in Sprayers for Perfume, Antisep- 
tics, and the like.” Dated 4th May, 1901. (Drawings, 10s. ; specification, 7s. 
6d.) Two cylindrical reservoirs are connected by a screw regulating valve; in 
one air is compressed by a single-acting air-pump with a foot valve formed of a 
rubber-covered elastic metal plate ; the other cylinder, in which the perfume or 
other liquid is stored, has atomizing or spraying jets of customary type. By 
the use of the regulating valve between the cylinders, a store of compressed air 
may be utilised in small instalments as required without the need of operating 
the pump continually. (5 claims.) 
STERILISING BEVERAGES UNDER Pressure.—Classes 32, 33 (2 Figures) : 
—Wine, beer, milk, &c., are sterilised by rapid heating and cooling under 
pressure. A. pair of rotating horizontal cylinders have jackets and interior 
circulating pipes, and all surfaces coming in contact with the beverage are 
silver plated. The lower cylinder is much smaller, and is charged with 
compressed CO,, or compressed and sterilised air under a pressure of ten 
atmospheres. The larger upper cylinder is charged with the beverage, and 
while the cylinders are rotating (to promote convection of heat) steam is 
circulated in both vessels to raise the temperature rapidly to the sterilising 
point ; the overflow of liquid (under heat expansion) passes by a suitable valve 
from the larger to. the smaller vessel, and is there retained for subsequent 
treatment; the beverage is now rapidly cooled by the circulation of a cooling 
medium in place of the steam. Special arrangements of joints and valves is 
illustrated to permit rotation during the operations. (8 claims.) 
ComBINED CantsteR Lip anp Parry-pan.—Classes 18, 31, 76 2 rue 
—5981: Joseph Robert Hayward, of 171 Peterborough street, Christchurch, 
New Zealand, pickle manufacturer. ‘An Improved Combined Receptacle- 
cover and Cooking Utensil.” Dated 27th April, 1901. (Drawings, 5s. ; 
specification, 1s. 6d.) The detachable lids of canisters for storing domestic 
articles are ornamentally recessed or embossed so that they may be used as a 
mould for confectionery, or other culinary purpose. (2 claims.) 
WEEDS. 
One of the most prolific writers on agricultural subjects in America, 
Professor L. H. Bailey, in a dissertation on weeds, advises farmers and gardeners 
not to be satisfied merely with the eradication of weeds, but to get at the 
reason why they exist and then to remove the cause. For instance, a farmer 
finds that some weed is “ running out” his grass, and he wants to know how 
to eradicate it. Suppose he finds out how to do it, and does eradicate the 
weeds, still he has not gone far enough. He must go further and discover 
that his soil is worn out, impoverished, the grass thin and weak. In such a 
case it would be a queer sort of weed that did not jump at the chance and 
grow there. Enrich the soil, farmer, and study how to grow hay. In summing 
up, the professor gives six hints on checking weeds :— 
1. Rotation in crops prevents weeds from gaining a foothold. 
. Frequent tillage prevents weeds getting a foothold. Land should not 
be left fallow without frequent harrowing. 
. Clean land after harvest. 
. Use clean seed, especially in untilled crops. 
. Do not allow weeds to go to seed on manure heaps, or use manure 
containing seeds. 
. Get your neighbour to keep his farm as clean as you do yours. 
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