TIGER BEETLES 149 
coastal sand-dune tiger beetles were related to the colours of the sands in different 
areas. 
In general (see Figs. 2, 3-10), dark specimens similar to those described as 
Cicindela campbelli Broun, 1886, occurred on the black ironsands of the west coast 
beaches near Auckland and further south. The species accepted as Cicindela 
perhispida Broun, 1880, with reduced thin dark areas on the elytra, was from further 
north on the west coast cream sands and the subspecies Neocicindela perhispida giveni 
van Nidek, 1965, with dark areas almost completely reduced was on pale sands of the 
northernmost and eastern beaches of the far north. Cicindela brevilunata Horn, 1926, 
with bold but reduced dark areas, occurred on whitish sands south of the Whangarei 
Harbour on the east coast. Pinkish-brown sand on the intervening north-eastern 
coasts did not provide tiger beetles. 
Further, because of apparent mis-labelling and/or mis-recording, there had been 
a confusion of the species names and localities in earlier years in regard to the 
perhispida of Broun (1880) occurring at Hokianga (on the west coast) and Marsden 
Point (south of Whangarei Harbour on the east coast) and to brevilunata of Horn 
(1926b) also occurring at Hokianga. Both Hudson (1935) and Horn (1936) had 
continued this confusion. Because neither Broun (1880) nor Horn (1926b) designated 
type specimens in their papers and because Horn (1936) recorded having a Hokianga 
specimen taken from Broun’s collection in the British Museum there was a distinct 
possibility that the names of the two species could be exchanged. Consequently it was 
deemed necessary by the author to consider the taxonomic position of these two 
species which would require examination of types and other specimens in overseas 
museums. Subsequently this was done in 1987, Further collecting started in January 
1988, during the 1987-88 summer season, has revealed further distributional and 
seasonal information for the entities concerned. The results of these studies are 
reported here. 
HISTORICAL RECORDS 
Biographical notes 
This list starts with Capt. Thomas Broun who studied New Zealand beetles for at 
least 45 years and published extensively. Two people who follow (Cheeseman and 
Campbell) are credited by Broun with collecting early specimens he described. The 
next four persons were later Broun contemporaries who also collected coastal tiger 
beetles and the last three were later collectors. 
Thomas Broun (1838-1919) was a professional soldier when he first arrived in 
New Zealand. Later he was both an amateur coleopterist and _ professional 
entomologist as well as a farmer and a schoolteacher. His first published paper on New 
Zealand Coleoptera was read before the Auckland Institute in May 1875, and many 
more followed. 
Broun apparently started teaching (at Tairua, east of Auckland) in 1876 
(Cheeseman 1920) and he moved to the Whangarei Heads area (on the northern side 
of Whangarei Hbr.) in 1877 (Broun MS. letters in Auckland Museum library), As the 
printing of his Manual (Broun 1880) had been authorised in 1877 (Hector 1880), he 
