90 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History (Vol. LIII 
More recently, Faust and Barlow! showed that in Chekiang Province, 
China, the cercariz of C. sinensis occur in “Melania” hongkongensis 
Deshayes. They later encyst in many different species of fresh-water 
fish, either in the subcutaneous and connective tissues, or on the under 
side of the scales. Moreover, Faust is inclined to believe that the 
mollusk most commonly harboring the cercarize of C. sinensis in the 
ereater part of China will ultimately be found to be a species of Bulemus 
(=Bythinia). There are other allied species of liver flukes in Europe, 
India, and North America whose life-history is still unknown. 
Among the intestinal flukes, the most important 1s the human para- 
site Fasciolopsis buskit (Lankester), which is rather frequent in the Far 
East. The life-history has been traced by Nakagawa? in Formosa and 
by C. H. Barlow? in China. The intermediate hosts, in Formosa, are 
Planorbis cenosus Benson and Segmentina largillierti (Dunker), and the 
development and later encystment are very similar to those of Fasciola 
hepatica, to which Fasciolopsis is nearly related. Man becomes infected 
by eating raw vegetables on which the cercarize are encysted, in China 
especially the nuts of water-caltrop (Trapa natans), and the tubers of 
Eleocharis tuberosa. Every detail of the life-cycle of F. buskiz was 
recently elucidated by Barlow. He found that, in China, the miracidia 
enter Planorbis schmackeri Clessin and Segmentina nitidellus E. v. 
Martens, where they develop into cercariz that eventually leave the 
snail, encyst, and are able to infect man. Loxotrema ovatum Kobayashi 
(=Metagonimus yokagawat Katsurada) is another frequent, but appar- 
ently innocuous, trematode parasite in the small intestine of man in 
Formosa, Japan, and Korea, also commonly found in dogs. The cer- 
carial stages are found in fresh-water fish. Muto described as the 
developmental stages a redia and cercaria found in up to fifty per cent of 
“Melania ’’libertina and various other “‘ Melanix”’ in the endemic region 
of Kaishu, Korea, and successfully infected gold fish and carp, later 
infecting cats from these. Faust found the cercarie of L. ovatum in 
“Melania” ebenina Brot, in China. Similar intestinal flukes are often 
1Faust, E.C.and Barlow,C.H. 1924. ‘Apreliminary note onthe life history of Clonorchis sinensis, 
in Chekiang Province, China.’ Amer. Jl. Hyg., IV, pp. 69-71. 
Faust, E.C. 1924. ‘Notes on larval flukes from China. II. Studies on some larval flukes from 
the central and south coast provinces.’ Amer. Jl. Hyg., IV, pp. 241-301, Pls. 1-11. 
1925. ‘Some recent aspects of the epidemiology of Clonorchisinfection in China.’ China Med. iS 
XXXIX, pp. 287-296. 
"Nakagawa, Koan. 1921. ‘On the life cycle of Fasciolopsis buskt, Lankester.’ Kitasato Arch. Ex- 
per. peed Ne 159-167, 1 Pl. 
arlow, C. H. 19238. ‘Life cycle of Fasciolopsis buski (human) in China.’ hina Med. Jl., 
XXXVI, pp. 453-472, 1 Pl. i : va i eee 
4Barlow, C.H. 1925. ‘The life cycle of the human intestinal fluke Fasciolopsis buski (Lankester).’ 
Amer. Journ. Hyg., Monogr. Ser., No. 4, pp. 1-96, 10 Pls. 
'Muto, M., 1917, quoted in Tropical Diseases Bulletin, XII, 1918, p. 176. 
