o 
186 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History [Vol. LIII 
Lanistes (Leroya) grauert (Fig. 18d), has the upper margin of the 
central tooth shorter than in any other species seen, the basi-lateral 
angles more produced. The cusps of the side teeth are short. The inner 
marginal has a very wide body, unlike the other species. Width of the 
central tooth, 0.445 mm. 
The identification of species in this genus is often extremely difficult 
ard sometimes uncertain. This is due in part to the intrinsic difficulty 
of dealing with a group of closely related forms, but also to the large 
number of species described without adequate comparisons with other 
forms. 
Subgenus LANISTES proper 
The following species belong to this group: 
Lanistes alexandri (Bourguignat) =Meladomus alexandri BouRGUIGNAT, 1889) 
‘Moll. Afrique Equator.,’p.177. Affluents of the Vuami River, above Sadani, East 
Africa. This is perhaps based on an immature example of another species. 
Lanistes assiniensis (Kobelt) =Meladomus libycus assiniensis Kosett, 1912, 
Nachrichtsbl. Deutsch. Malakoz. Ges., XLIV, p. 7; 1912, in Martini and Chemnitz, 
‘Syst. Conch. Cab., n. F., I, Ampullariide,’ p. 30, Pl. xxv1, figs. 6-7. Assinie. 
Lanistes bernardianus (Morelet) = Ampullaria bernardiana Morewet, 1860, 
Journ. de Conchyl., VIII, p. 190. Guinea. Perhaps a variety of L. libycus (Morelet). 
Lanistes bicarinatus Germain. See p. 193. 
Lanistes carinatus (Olivier) = Amopullaria carinata OLIvinrR, 1804, ‘Voyage dans 
VEmpire Othoman,’ II, p. 39, footnote; (an x11), Atlas, Pl. xxx1, figs. 2A-B (type 
locality: Kalidje Canal near Alexandria, Egypt). Helix bolteniana CHEMNITz, 1786, 
— ‘Syst. Conch. Cab.,’ TX, 1, p. 89, Pl. crv, figs. 921-922 (not used as a binomial). 
Lanistes olwertt DENYS DE Montrort, 1810, ‘Conchyl. Systém.,’ II, p. 123, fig. 
(on p. 122). Ampullaria xgyptiaca “Ehrenberg” Jicxeni, 1874, Nova Acta Ac. 
Nat. Cur. Dresden, XX XVII, p. 227. Lanistes duveyrierianus REevoit, 1885, Bull. 
Soc. Malacol. France, II, p. 99, Pl. v1, fig. 5. Lanistes boltent Pauuary, 1909, Mém. 
Inst. Egyptien, VI, 1, p. 61, Pl. 1v, fig. 14 (with var. perfecta Pauuary, p. 62, from 
Egypt, without more definite locality). 
Nevill (1884, ‘Hand List Moll. Indian Mus.,’ IT, p. 14) has listed, without describ- 
ing them, a var. bicarinatus and a var. depressus of Lanistes carinatus, both from 
Egypt. 
Lanistes chapert (Kobelt) = Meladomus libycus chaperi Kopett, 1912, Nach- 
richtsbl. Deutsch. Malakoz. Ges., XLIV, p. 7; 1912, in Martini and Chemnitz, 
‘Syst. Conch. Cab., n. F., I, Ampullariide,’ p. 30, Pl. xxvu, figs. 3-6. Dahomey. 
Lanistes ciliatus EK. v. Martens, 1878, Monatsber. Ak. Wiss. Berlin, p. 296, PI. 
11, figs. 8-10. Finboni, East Africa. 
Lanistes congicus O. Boettger. See p. 188. 
Lanistes congicus fraternus Pilsbry and Bequaert. See p. 189. 
Lanistes congicus schepmani C. R. Boettger. See p. 190. 
Lanistes fultont (Kobelt) =Meladomus (Lanistes) fultoni Kosrur, 1912, Nach- 
richtsbl. Deutsch. Malakoz. Ges., XLIV, p. 6; 1912, in Martini and Chemnitz, 
‘Syst. Conch. Cab., n. F., I, Ampullariide,’ p. 28, Pl. xxvu, figs. 1-2. Lake Victoria. 
This species appears to be extremely close to L. bicarinatus Germain. 
