242 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History [Vol. LIII 
\ 
Animal with tentacles concrescent with the ocular peduncles, the eyes at or near 
the apex. Muzzle emarginate anteriorly. Respiration by means of a lung which 
opens to the right side of the mantle. Radula with teeth amnicoloid in general form; 
central with few cusps and one or several basal denticles; inner marginals having 
much larger or longer cusps than the decidedly wider, multicuspid outer one. | 
_ These little snails are markedly amphibious and prefer brackish 
water, living as a rule near or at the seashore. 
Syncera Gray 
Nerita subgenus Syncera GRAY, 1821, London Medical Repository, XV, p. 239. 
Monotype: Nerita (Syncera) hepatica Gray =Assiminea grayana Fleming. Not 
Syncerus Hodgson, 1847. 
Assiminea “‘Leach’’ Fuemine, 1828, ‘Hist. British Anim.,’ p. 275. oes: 
Assiminea grayana Fleming = Nerita (Syncera) hepatica Gray. 
Assaminia ‘*‘ Leach’”’ Gray, 1839, ‘Beechey’s Voy. ., Zool.,’ p. 141. Misspelling of 
Assiminea. 
Assiminea subgenus Huassiminea Heupr, 1882, Mém. Hist. Nat. Empire 
Chinois, II, p. 82. Monotype: Assiminea vielacea Heude. 
Assemania Kniceut, 1900, Journ. of Conchology, IX, p. 276. Emendation 
of Assiminea. 
The following Ethiopian species have been referred to this genus: 
Syncera aurifera (Preston) =Assimania aurifera Preston, 1912, Proc. Zool. 
Soc. London, p. 191, Pl. xxx1, fig.9. Gazi, Kenya Colony. 
Syncera bifasciata (Nevill) = Assiminea bifasciata Nevitu, 1880, Journ. Asiatic 
Soc. Bengal, XLIX, 2, p. 162. Port Natal, Natal. 
Syncera fasciata (Krauss) = Paludina fasciata Krauss, 1848, ‘Stidafrik. Mollusk.,’ 
p. 86, PI. v, fig. 18. Knysna and Zoetendal Valleys, Cape nica 
Souvers hessei (O. Boettger). See p. 243. 
Syncera hidalgot (Gassies) =Hydrocena hidalgoit Gasstzs, 1869, Journ. de Con- 
chyl., XVII, p. 78. Assiminea granum MoreE tet, 1882, op. cit., XXX, pp. 105 and 
198, Pl. rv, fig. 8. Originally described from New Caledonia: this species has been re- 
ported from Mauritius and the coast of Natal. 
eae knysnaensis (Krauss) = Paludina knysnaensis Krauss, 1848,‘ Siidafrik. 
Mollusk.,’ p. 86, Pl. v, fig. 17. Knysna and Zoetendal Valleys, Cape Colony. 
Synccht leptodonta (Connolly) =Assiminia leptodonta Connouuy, 1922, Ann. 
Mag. Nat. Hist., (9) X, p. 122. Estuary of the Komati River, iitestla, Piriiigucse 
East Africa. 
Syncera ovata (Krauss) =Paludina ovata Krauss, 1848, ‘Sudafrik. Mollusk.,’ 
p. 85, Pl. v, fig. 16. Knysna and Zoetendal Valleys, Cais Colby: 
Syncera ponsonbyi (Morelet) = Assiminea ponsonbyi More txt, 1889, Journ. de 
Conchyl., XXXVI, p. 17, Pl. 1, fig. 6. Port Elizabeth, Cape Cuidny. 
Syncera sinensis (Nevill) =Assiminea sinensis Neviut, 1880, Journ. Asiatic 
Soc. Bengal, XLIX, 2, p. 161. Assiminea sinica O. Poracoan 1887, Jahrb. Deutsch. 
Malakoz. Ges. XIy, p. 203. Originally described from Hong Kone. this species has 
also been recorded from Natal. 
— Syncera umlaasiana (E..A. Smith) = Aeaiiniies umlaasiana EH. A. Surru, 1902, 
Journ. of Conchology, X, p. 248, Pl. rv, fig. 3. From caves in the ocean cliff near the 
mouth of the Umlaas River, N. atal. 
