1 SeErr., 1902.] QUEENSLAND AGRICULTURAL JOURNAL. 165 
the ship’s officers have to do is to open the proper hatches—the punt elevator 
does the rest. Neither the deck nor the wharf of the ocean leviathan is 
cluttered up with grain and machinery as would otherwise be the case, and 
Fig. 24.—Punt being unloaded at a European elevator located at the docks. The hatches 
of the punt are shown at 7, 8, 9, 10. 1. The side of the elevator building. 3. Tackle by 
means of which the arm 4 is raised and lowered. This arm is pivoted to the frame-work of the 
building. 5, 6. The elevator leg dipping into the hold through the hatch 8. The buckets are 
descending through 6, and rising loaded with grain through 5. The grain goes into the elevator 
through the spout 2. 
furthermore her grain cargo is placed on board with a maximum of speed, no 
time being lost in erecting and adjusting temporary machinery. A punt- 
elevator is pictured on page 164. 
European Elevators. 
The elevator system has spread to Burope, and continues to find favour 
there, though the type of structure in use at many of the European ports 
differs from those already described. There are elevators of the purely 
American type, made of wood and put up by American contractors ; of these 
an example may be seen at Manchester, England. At Liverpool, Antwerp, and 
other ports, however, an entirely different class of structure prevails. While 
the machinery is practically the same as that already described, the building in 
which it is Housed is quite different, being of brick and nearly fireproof. The 
insurance on brick elevators is 3s. per £100, while that on wooden elevators is 
25s. per £100; this great difference is considered by many European companies 
to more than justify the additional expense involved in a brick structure. 
The brick elevator of the Grain Storage and Transportation Company, of 
Liverpool, contains some 200 hexagonal bins, or “silos,” each holding about 
200 tons of grain. The silos are about 15 feet in diameter, and 70 feet deep, 
and rest on arched brick tunnels. These tunnels are tapped on the sides and 
