206 QUEENSLAND AGRICULTURAL JOURNAL. [1 Srpr., 1902. 
contingency need not be taken into account), a way is demonstrated of meeting 
the exigencies of the case. Sowing should be completed during October in the 
Southern part of the State—early in the month is preferable, because the 
plants thus have a longer growing period, and thus the crop is increased. 
Cotton is a child of the sun; thus as soon as warmth appears in soil and 
atmosphere the crop will assert itself. 
In our own practice our standard distances were frequently settled for - 
some soils as close as 18 inches to 2 feet apart. This, of course, involves the 
use of much more seed, and is a question for the planter to determine for 
himself. American growers, I may state, endorse the system: of planting at 
much the same distances as here indicated. Cotton sown under general 
conditions as regards moisture and warmth will appear above ground in from 
three to five days after sowing. Care must be observed that the seed is not 
buried too deep, 2 to 3 inches being the limit of depth at which it is advisable 
to sow. 
COTTON IN GEORGIA (U.5.A.) 
The following varieties of cotton are those most favoured in the Southern 
States of America :— 
Clean Lint Length of Per Cent. 
f per Acre. Staple. of Seed. 
Bates’ Early... ... 613 Ib. perc Laench i 60 
Jones’ Improved an | BYAS op, a Be 55 an 60 
Bancroft’s Herlong ... 627 ,, 13 =, 70 
Truitt’s Big Boll an Pilla Ton 60 
Peterkin es poe ol Jen ese tt los Toy jot 70 
George Walker (PAL 1S ie eat 60 
e 
xT 
Or 
Tyler’s Imperial Chester 537 ,, 
These are placed in order of merit. 
COTTON IN THE UNITED STATES. 
The latest agricultural returns state that the United States cotton crop of 
1899-1900 yielded to the farmers 4,566,000 tons of cotton seed, worth 10:28 
dollars per ton, or in the aggregate 46,951,000 dollars. It is not much more 
than thirty years since cotton seed was thrown away. In most cotton-growing 
districts its destruction was enforced by law, in order to avoid the poisoning 
of streams or the destruction of cattle. In 1870 practically all the cotton-seed 
oil was exported, and its value was 15,000 dollars. The exports of cotton oil 
in 1900 were 49,357,000 gallons, worth 16,521,000 dollars. The seed crushed 
represented only half the available supply. 
Of the by-products there were 900,000 tons of cake and meal of the value 
of 16,000,000 dollars at the mill. Over one-half of this was exported to 
Europe for cattle feed. The remainder was consumed at home, chiefly as 
fertiliser in the |South, mixed as follows: 7 cotton meal, + potash, &¢., = 
phosphate rock. Another by-product are the hulls—in 1900, 1,200,000 tons— 
which are used for cattle feed, hundreds of thousands of cattle being fattened 
with it, and now experiments have shown that excellent use can be made of 
them as paper stocks. The linters (short lint) recovered from the seed—over 
57,000,000 lb. in 1900—are used as filling for cheap cotton materials, carpets, 
wadding, &c. 
Low middling New Orleans Uplands cotton is worth up to 6d. per Ib. 
With the by-products there is much money in cotton-growing, and again we 
advise the Queensland farmers to add this crop to others. There is too much 
of the one-crop business in Queensland. We know of cases in the North 
where farmers grow nothing but corn. A bad season comes, and there is not 
half a crop. Then they declare that “Cockatooing don’t pay,” yet their 
neighbours are hard at work picking coffee at the rate of 10 cwt. per acre. 
Why not grow coffee and corn in conjunction with cotton and sugar and cassava? 
