224. QUEENSLAND AGRICULTURAL JOURNAL. [1 Ocr., 1902. 
parents. This was actually done by Mr. Pound, the Government Bacteriologist, 
during his experiments on the St. Helena herd, from which he completely 
banished the disease. 
Now you will ask how you are to know that any of your stock are affected 
with this disease. ‘l'o all appearance, the cows are perfectly healthy. But there 
is a test which can be applied which will reveal its presence. Many will tell 
you that the test is useless; others will declare that it cannot fail. This is a 
matter on which, as in the case of many other things, men will always agree 
to differ. However, I will explain the matter simply to you, and you can use 
your own judgment afterwards, taking note of what is being done by your 
neighbours and by dairymen in other parts of the world. 
Tuberculin is the name given to the glycerine extract of the poisonous 
products of the tubercle bacillus. I told you what a bacillus was in a previous 
lesson. It was given by Dr. Robert Koch, a celebrated German bacteriologist, 
in 1882. 
There is no need for you to know how it is prepared. It is enough to 
know that. when you want it you can always procure it from the Stock 
Department. vey 
It is always used in a diluted form in the proportion of 1 part tuberculin 
to 19 parts of a carbolic acid solution of 5 parts in 1,000. 
The following doses are required :— 
8 cubic centimetres for high-class aged bulls 
6 = medium-sized animals 
4 3 . calves six to twelve months old 
2 w 7 calves under six months. 
One cubie centimetre = 2 of a cubic inch. 
ixample of the method of diluting tuberculin :— ‘5 cubic centimetre pure 
tuberculin to 75% cubic centimetres of the carbolic solution equal 1 part to 
19 parts. 
The instruments required are very simple. 
A strong, well-made nypopERMIC syrinGE holding 10 cubic centimetres, 
with a strong needle attached. 
The word HYPODERMIC means under the skin. 
Sometimes you will come to the word sus-curanrous, which means the 
same thing. The first comes from two Greek words, the second from two 
Latin words. You should always try and remember these terms, as scientific 
men use them because the meaning cannot be so conveniently expressed in 
English. 
The second instrument required is a CLINICAL THERMOMETER, which has a 
self-registering index. 
As this is a very delicate instrument, a special strong one suitable for 
taking the temperature of horses and cattle has been designed and approved by 
the Stock Institute. These can both be obtained from the wholesale chemists. 
I now come to the APPLICATION OF THE TUBERCULIN TEST. 
The discovery of the disease by this test depends entirely on the elevation 
of the temperature of the beast within a short period after injection. This is- 
the only real difficulty, because allowance must be made tor variations in 
temperature produced by other causes than the injection of the tuberculin. 
As arule, young animals are warmer than old ones. Different animals. 
are unequally affected by differences in atmospheric temperature. 
A drink of cold water will lower an animal's temperature for an hour after 
drinking. 
There may be other diseases present. 
Then the temperature of the cow’s body is altered on the approach of 
calving. 
Hast driving and the excitement produced by it will raise the animal's. 
temperature. : 
Bearing this in mind, all cattle, except those plainly too ill, should be tested.. 
