_ 228 QUEENSLAND AGRICULTURAL JOURNAL. [1 Ocr., 1902. 
Separator is not against the machine itself, but against the cream which is kept 
too long by the farmer. Many a man half fills a can with cream, and then 
keeps it back to save a journey, hoping to fill the can nextday. Thus he 
injures the whole of the cream, and even if he adds salt and stirs it up and 
mixes it thoroughly together to make a uniform sample, yet the whole will 
be tainted by the stale cream. Where this occurs, the farmer should try and 
remember that he not only injures himself but also his neighbour, and, 
indirectly, he brings Queensland butter into bad repute in the English markets. 
In some districts of this State (Gympie, for instance), a carrier goes the 
rounds of the farms in the afternoon, collects all the cream the farmers haye, 
and next day delivers it at the factory. 
This is now all that I propose to teach you in connection with dairying. 
You will, if you are wise, visit the best dairy farms in your neighbourhood, and 
thus you may, by intelligent observation and inquiry, gain much valuable 
information, and you may be sure that such observation of the practice of dairy 
methods is of far more value to you than all youcan learn from books. Theory 
is all very well, but “practice makes perfect.” These things have therefore 
been written, not for your final instruction, but to lead you on to verify them 
by practice and by seeing what your successful neighbours are doing. ‘The 
next lesson will be on the breeding and management of pigs. 
’ Questions on Lesson 18. ffi 
t. What are the objections to the old method of setting milk in shallow 
ans 
: 2. What machine has been invented to take the place of shallow setting ? 
3. Describe the machine and its action. 
4. What advantage has it in butter-fat production over the old process ? 
5. When should milk be put into the machine ? 
6. What would happen if the milk were to be allowed to stand for some 
time before being operated on ? 
7. At what stage may you mix old with new cream? 
8. Name some of the advantages accruing by use of the machine. 
9. What are the disadvantages ? 
10. How may a farmer injure his neighbour by sending faulty cream to a 
factory ? 
147n Lesson. 
THIRD STAGE. 
Intimately connected with dairy farming is the breeding of pigs. No 
dairy farmer should neglect this industry, because it is a very paying one, and 
can be conducted in conjunction with dairying at a comparatively moderate 
expense. 
: The first lesson you have to learn in connection with pigs is, that by nature, 
they are very cleanly animals. You often hear a dirty boy called a pig. Well, 
perhaps the boy is a pig, for the reason that he would be clean if people 
washed him, and gave him clean clothes, and a clean house and bed. The pig 
would be clean if people would only allow him to be so. Youseea me wallow- 
inginmud. Why? First, because he wants to cool his body, which is always 
too warm for his comfort, and secondly, because there is no nice, clean, fresh 
water for him to liein. So, if you will start with the belief that the pig isa 
cleanly animal, you will have gone a good way on the journey which ends in 
success in pig-raising. ; 
We will begin by deciding never to buy a pig because he is cheap, except 
of course under exceptional circumstances. Such a pig as is here depicted— 
the wiry and alert old-fashioned razorback—is not the type to be recommended 
