366 QUEENSLAND AGRICULTURAL JOURNAL. [lL Nov., 1902. 
of organic matter, and this part must go through the process of what is called 
nitrification in the soil before it becomes available for the growth of other 
plants that follow the pea. This keeps it in the soil until the following 
summer, when it rapidly becomes available for plants by changing into the 
available form of a nitrate. 
This process of nitrification in a soil abounding in vegetable matter is 
brought about by other forms of microscopic plants that flourish in such a 
soil. Thus a soil abounding in organic matter in a state of decay can really 
be called a living soil, while one in which the humus or organic decay has 
been used out of isreally a dead soil. As soon :as the dead pea roots are left 
in the soil, the bacterium of decay sets to work to break down the organic 
matter, and to release the ammonia. Then another form of bacterium takes 
up the work and changes the ammonia into a nitrate; still another form then 
changes the nitrate into a nitrate which green plants can use. It has been 
found that the presence of the carbonate of lime in the soil rapidly hastens 
the nitrification, and it has further been found that these little organisms 
have another power that green plants do not possess, of taking from 
such a combination the carbon they need for their growth. Green-leaved 
plants get their carbon through the decomposition of the carbonic acid in the 
air, by means of the green matter in the leaves, but these little microscopic 
plants in the soil get it directly from the carbonate. This explains the way in 
which an excess of lime ina soil abounding in vegetable decay hastens the process 
of nitrification or change of organic matter into the available form of a nitrate 
for the use of the green plants. 
Times of Sunrise ad Sunset, 1902. 
| 
SeErpTEMBER. OCTOBER. NOVEMBER. DECEMBER. 
DATE. a =H 
Rises. | Sets. | Rises. | Sets. | Rises.] Sets. | Rises. | Sets. PHAsrs or THE Moon. 
Sal HogMs 
| 1 Sept. @ New Moon 17 19:4 
1 66 | 5:30 | 532! 544) 5:2 | 62 | 4:50! 6-24 
2 | 6D | 531 | 5°31] 5-45 | 5:0 | 63 | 4°50 | 6-24 9 » ) First Quarter 10 14:9 
3 6-4 | 532) 529 | 549) 439) 6 | 4 bl | 625117 5, © FullMoon 6 23-4 
4 62 | 532 | 528] 5-46] 4:58] 66 | 4:51 | 6-25 
5 | 61 | 533 | 527 | 5:47] 457 | 6-7 | 451| 626] 24 » © Last Quarter 4 31:5 
G2] GL | 888 | 926 | 5:47 £51 67 | 41) 628 
7, 60 5: 5°25 | 547 | 4°5 5. 4°51 | 6:28 5 . 
8 550 | 530 | 524 | 548 | 456168 | 4501 690 | 1 Oc @New Moon 5 94 
9 | 5°57 | 5:35 | 5:23 | 5:49 | 4°56 Bie 450 | 6:30) 9 ,, ) First Quarter 5 21:1 
10 536 | 5°36 | 521 | 5-49 | 455 | 69 | 4:50 | 631 
rat B56 | B36 | Bal | 5:49 | 4-551 69 | 4:50] 639| 18 » O FullMoon 18 11 
12 pod | 536 | 521 549 | 455 | 69 | 450 | 632 23 ,, © Last Quarter 10 58-1 
13 53 | 637 | 5:20 | 550 | 454 | 6 51 | 623 
14 BBL | 5°37 | 519 | 5°50 | 4:54 | 610] 4:51 | 633] 30 » @® New Moon 20 136 
5 5:50 | 588 | 518 | 5:50 | 454] O12 | 452) O34 
; 5-49 | 538 | 5: 50 | 453 | 613 | 452) 65 : ¢ 
1G.) bab | bee | ae | Sor | 453 | ea | 43 | o5 | 8 Nov. D First Quarter 0 305 
18 547'| 5°39 | S15 | 5:1 | 451 | 615| 453| 635/15 , OC FullMoon 5 65 
19 5-45 | 5:39 | Bis | 552 | 450 | 616 | 4:54 | 636 
20 5-44 | 5-40 | 513 | 533 4-49 | G17 | 454 | 637] 22 » © LastQuarter 19 46-9 
21 543 | 5-40 | 513 | 533| 449| 618] 454 | 638] 29 ,, @ New Moon 14 4-4 
22 542 | 5:40 | 512 | 554!) 449 | G18] 4°54 | 6°38 
23 Bl | 5-41 | 511 | 5:55 | 4-49 | 619 | 4°55 | 6-39 : 
24 539 541 | 59 | O95 | 449 | G19 | 400 6-39] 7 Dec. ) FirstQuarter 18 26:5 
5 538 | 542 | 5°83 | 5:56 | 4-49 | 621! 4:56 | 6-40 ba 
26 538 | 542158 | 5361 4491 G21] 436 | G40] 24 » O Full Moon 16 47-4 
27 586 | 343 | 947 sof | 449 | 621) 497 Gal} 21 4, ¢ Last Quarter 8 0:2 
28 5:35 | 543} BG | 558 | 449 | 6-22 | 4°57 | 6-4 
29 B34 | 5-441 53 | 559 | 4-49 | 622) 458 | 642] 29 » @New Moon 9 248 
30 | 532! 5-44) 54 | 60 | 4:49] 6-23] 459 | 6-42 
Spe ee | . | 53 | 61 .. | 459 | 6-42 
