526 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXXIV, 
as such. The ears, in fresh coat, are thickly covered with very short hairs; 
later they are usually partly or wholly naked, as is the case with most other 
Central and South American deer. Individual differentiation, as such, is 
not usually strongly shown, most of the color variation being traceable to 
wear and exposure, although a tendency to melanism seems apparent in 
some of the normally dark forms. 
In the brown group the coloration varies in different species from yellow- 
ish gray brown to drab brown, the southern forms being darker and less 
fulvous than the northern ones. In addition to the general more or less 
fulvous brown of the upperparts in the brown brockets they are further 
distinguishable by the ventral area being white instead of like the flanks 
as in the red brockets. 
Pelage. The pelage of the red brockets is short, thin, and rather stiff 
in the forms of the tropical lowlands, but longer and thicker and less rigid 
in the mountain forms. In the brown brockets it is longer and softer than 
in the red species, the hair being distinguished by the early authors as, 
respectively “hard” in the red and “soft” in the brown species. Both 
seasonal and individual color variation seem more marked in the brown 
species than in the red, as in the amount of fulvous suffusion, and especially 
in the varying distinctness of the white spot over the front of the eye, which 
is In some species conspicuous, in others wholly absent. In the Santa Marta 
form the light eye spot is subject to wide individual variation, being some- 
times a well-defined white mark, often indistinct but traceable, and some- 
times wholly absent. In some of the other forms it appears to be always 
absent, in others always present. | 
A conspicuous feature in some of the red brockets is the reversed direc- 
tion of the hair on the back of the neck, common to many of the forms of 
this group but absent in others, and apparently always absent in the brown 
group. It consists of an elongated hairwhorl in front of the withers, often 
extending thence forward for from several inches nearly to the whole length 
of the neck, in which the hair on the midline of the neck is directed out- 
ward and forward (mainly forward, or ‘reversed’). This reversed condition 
may be present or absent in different individuals of the same species from 
the same locality, and therefore is not of great value as a morphological 
character. In a series of eight specimens of Mazama tema cerasina from 
Nicaragua the nape hairs are reversed in six of them, and a similar propor- 
tion prevails in a like series of M. tema reperticia from Panama. Those 
_with the hair reversed in these series include both males and females, and 
also fawns in spotted coat, showing that the condition of reversed or non- 
reversed hair on the nape is not a feature of sex or age. On the other hand, 
in the M. rufina or subparamo group, in which the hair on the neck is much 
