Sept. 24, 1915. 
MESA VERDE CLIFF DWELLERS 
: (Continued from page 4.) 
‘of the ruins. Progress has been made in the excavation 
ard repair of the ruins, and the public may now visit 
these ancient villages and gain a good idea of the dwell- 
‘ings in which the native inhabitants lived. 
meee ina report published by the Bureau of American 
_ Ethnology, Dr. Fewkesidescribes in detail the architecture 
et Spruce Tree House, and points out prominent features 
of this village. It has a distinct likeness to a gigantic 
hotel built in a cave with a crescent shaped roof, the floor 
of the cave being about 50 feet above, the bottom of the 
Canyon and the roof 80 feet high, Its total length :s 
»216 feet, and its greatest width 8g feet. . In places the 
rooms were originally three stories in height, the final 
‘story at present having no roof except the top of the 
cave, but most of the rooms now to be seen are on the first 
floor, although in some places a second story is still stand- 
ing. There have been traced. 114 separate rooms in this 
great structure, besides eight subterranean ceremonial 
cliambers, known as kivas. It has been determined that at 
least 14 of the rooms were used for storage and other pur- 
pcses, in the floors of some of which humian skeletons have 
been found. The remaining 100 rooms were used as dwell- 
4 
d 
. ; 
R 
> 
population of about 350 natives. It seems from ie 
character of the rooms that no premeditated plan was 
os in the construction of this village; a few rooms 
were first built and additions made as the population in- 
creased. The arch of the early form found among the 
ruins of Central America, was. unknown to these early 
builders. Their doorways are of rectangular form slightiy 
narrower at the top and capped with lintel, although some 
ot them have a T-form and are placed well up on the walls, 
being reached by ladders. Cooking was evidently prac- 
ticed on the roofs or in the corners, judging fron the 
NORTH SHORE BREEZE and Reminder 9 
amount of soot on the walls, but there was little preten- 
sion among the dwellers for light, air or sanitation. 
Cliff Palace, the second of these important ruins, is 
nearly three times the size of Spruce’ Tree House, and 
has over 200 rooms. It was repaired in 1909 and now 
presents a very respectable appearance to the visitor. 
Like Spruce Tree House, it sets within a cave, the roof 
of which arches about 75 feet above it, and is located in 
Ci:ff Canyon, the dnaee bf which is several hundred feet 
above the level of the canyon. It is approached by means 
of steps cut in the rock, and ladders. The buil dings ail- 
most completely fill the three hundred foot frontage of 
the cave which is as a rule level, although at one end 
there is a series of terraces rising one above the other 
extending from the loose crumbling rocks in front of the 
cliff back to the solid wall itself. ‘Deep under the debris 
which covered the lower entrance of Cliff Palace the ex- 
cavators found the ancient entrance to the building which 
leads by a gradual slope to the center of the village. This 
pathway entends parallel with the high front w rall of a 
centrally located kiva and passes to a large rock, in which 
feot holds were cut, after which it enters the lower level 
of the village through a narrow court with high walls, by 
tneans of a movable ladder resting on the main Ghee rE 
the cave. In the western end of this cliff ruin there is a 
ceremonial chamber known as Kiva V, leading to whica 
is a subterranean passage. This is one of the 23 roors 
in which ceremonies are supposed to have been perform- 
ed by the ancients. Evidently there were several clans in 
each section of these great dwellings, and the buildings 
are arranged in groups or sections around plazas or cen- 
tral courts. These wonderful archeological ruins present 
to the visitor unusual opportunities to see the early tyne 
of dwellings, and offer to the student opportunity to study 
: 
ing places, and it has been éstimated that the building had ; 
. 
THE unsettled weather of the past few days reminds me 
i of a story a gentleman was telling me recently: 40 
" illustrate what he called “a good sport.” 
He and a friend were travelling on one of the ships 
~ of the United Fruit Company, to Jamaica, and his friend 
—who by the way is a very well-known hotel manager— 
came up on deck one morning, took a look around, and 
turning to him said: 
“Vl bet you-a dollar it will rain before night.” 
“Nothing doing,” said my friend, who was telling 
me the story. 
“Well, Vil bet you a-dollar it won’t rain before 
night.” 
- But my friend is not a betting man, and therefore 
the bet was never made. I have been thinking though, 
that this summer either way would have been’a safe bet 
on the North Shore. 
—"‘Danny Dow.” 
Tue NATIONS oF THE WorLD are playing a great war 
game upon a colossal scale and America must watch out 
lest it be caught in a trap. America can be about better 
business than pulling any nation’s chestnuts out of the 
fire. 
INFINITE PATIENCE and forbearance be the 
price of peace, but it is worth while, 
may 
Honesty 1s A VrrtTvue that ennobles a nation. Capital 
has long been attacked for its questionable methods, but 
the searchlight is now being turned upon the activities of 
~ 
‘ly life, construction in buildings, and religious and 
secular ceremonies of the ancient cliff dwellers. 
labor. An honest dollar means honest labor. It is as 
dishonorable for a workman to shirk his work by steai- 
ing time as it is dishonorable for his employer to crowd 
him down by an indecent remuneration. 
A SURPRISING FINANCIAL SITUATION has now arisen. 
America is making millions of dollars worth of munitions 
of war for the Allies. The Allies are now seeking to 
fleat in America loans, without collateral, amounting per- 
haps to five billions of dollars. Here is a finance of a 
character undreamed of before. American munitions 
made in .-merica are to be paid by good American 
noney. America is making war materials on Europe's 
p:omise to pay. 
Mr. Gotham—lI see the smallest cows in the world 
are found in the Samoan islands. The average weight 
does not exceed 150 pounds. They are about the size of 
the Merino sheep. 
Mrs. Gotham—Do you suppose, dear, that is where 
they get the condensed milk 2—Yonkers Statesman. 
A New York man was recently acting as guide 
tsreugh an art gallery for a friend from the country. As 
they paused before a statuette, the guide said: 
“That is Psyche. Executed in terra cotta.’ 
“What a pity! said the rural one. “How barbarous 
cy are in those South American countries !” 
It ~atters but little what you think of a man provide? 
you do not think aloud. 
