44 
SOUTH AFRICAN SPECIES OF 
be quite sure of their exact shape and size when one has to deal with dried 
material only. 
As the plants here dealt with are all distinctly protandrous, the carpels 
reach their final shape after the stamens have discharged their pollen, when 
the anthers have consequently lost their original shape. It will, therefore, be 
understood that in the text figures the stamens and carpels have been drawn 
from different flowers. As a rule I have represented in each of these figures 
a portion of the calyx, a petal, a stamen, and a carpel with its nectar-scale 
all drawn to the same scale in each figure and in addition a nectar-scale more 
greatly enlarged. For the excellent photographs which, though taken from 
dried material, will, I hope, sufficiently indicate the habit of the species, 
I am indebted to Mr J. Hewitt, M.A., Director of the Albany Museum. 
I. Helophytum group. Waterplants. Stem simple or slightly branched. 
Lower internodes elongated. Flowers solitary axillary or in axillary cymules, 
pedicellate, 4-merous. Carpels 1-ovulate. 
A. Stem slender, filiform. Flowers usually solitary. Calyx-lobes very 
short. 
1. Gr. natans, Thunb. 
B. Stem swollen, hollow. Flowers in subsessile axillary cymules. 
Calyx-lobes much longer than in 1. 
2. Gr. inanis, Thunb. 
II. Vaillantii group. Marsh- or landplants. Stem simple or forked. 
Flowers axillary or terminal, usually solitary, 4-merous. Carpels with several 
ovules (usually 6—10, rarely less). 
A. Leaves and sepals papillose. 
3. Gr. papillosa, Schonl. et Bak. f. 
B. Leaves and sepals glabrous. 
a. Leaves longer than flowers. 
a. Calyx-lobes ovate, obtuse. 
4. Gr. Vaillantii (Willd.), Schonl. 
/3. Calyx-lobes lanceolate, acute. 
5. Gr. decumbens, Thunb. (non E. et Z.). 
b. Leaves shorter than flowers. 
6. Gr. brevifolia (E. et Z.), Schonl. 
III. Aphylla group. Unique amongst Crassulaceae owing to frequent 
absence of leaves. Their place is taken by the swollen internodes. A small 
plant 15 — 2 cm. high. Stem sparingly branched. Flowers terminal, normally 
4-merous. Carpels 2 — 4 ovulate. 
7. Gr, aphylla , Schonl. et Bak. f. 
