SPERMAPHYTA 
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Anthers opening by valves. Laurineae. 
Anthers opening by slits. 
Perianth imbricate in aestivation ; styles 
2 — 4* ; ovnles solitary, basal. 
Ghenopodiaceae. 
Perianth valvate in aestivation ; style soli- 
tary; ovules 2 — 4, pendulous. 
Santalaceae. 
Ovary with more cells than 1 . Ficoideae. 
Ovary superior. 
Leaves stipulate (except in Scleranthus, Illecebraceae). 
Flowers hermaphrodite. 
Ovary 1-celled ; cells 1-ovuled. 
Leaf petiole dilated at base into a membranous 
sheath (ochreate stipule). 
Polygonaceae. 
Leaf petiole not dilated at base; stipules 
scarious. Illecebraceae. 
Ovary more than 1-celled. 
Inflorescence racemose ; fruit fleshy or juicy ; 
leaves up to If in. broad. 
Phytolacceae. 
Inflorescence not so ; fruit dry ; leaves rarely 
up to \ in. broad. Ficoideae. 
Flowers unisexual or polygamous. 
Ovary more than 1-celled. Euphorbiaceae. 
Ovary 1-celled. Urticaceae. 
Stipules sheathing at base (ochreate). 
Polygonaceae. 
Stipules not sheathing at base. 
Stipules scarious. Illecebraceae. 
Stipules not scarious. Urticaceae. 
Leaves exstipulate. 
Gynaeceum apocarpous. 
Flowers racemose; carpels about 10. Phytolacceae. 
Flowers not racemose; carpels more than 10. 
Ranunculaceae. 
A. B. H. 
Gynaeceum syncarpous. 
Ovary more than 1-celled. 
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