March  29,  1600. 
JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
Spots  on  Tomato  Leaves  (Cro.s.s).— The  spots  on  the  leaves  are  caused 
by  the  spot  fungus,  Cladosporium  fulvum,  syn.  Lycopersici,  but  the 
spores  BO  far  have  rot  developed,  vshich  is  not  uncommon  early  in  the 
season  and  in  a  rather  low  temperature.  By  maintaining  a  rather  high 
temperature  from  sun  heat,  but  with  a  circulation  of  air,  and  keeping  a 
gentle  waimth  in  the  hot-water  pipes,  so  as  to  keep  the  air  in  motion, 
and  even  admitting  a  little  ventilation  to  promote  it,  there  is  not  much 
to  fear  from  the  spread  of  fungus.  We  should,  however,  maintain  a 
night  temperature  of  o5°,  and  60’’  to  65°  in  the  daytime  from  fire  heat, 
ventilating  a  litt  le,  and  allowing  a  good  advance  from  sun  heat,  with 
proportionately  increased  ventilation.  Asa  further  safeguard  a  little 
sulphur  may  be  used  on  the  hot-water  pipes,  as  the  fumes  given  off, 
even  scarcely  perceptible  ones,  are  inimical  to  fungoid  germs. 
Tomato  Leaves  Turning  Purple  (Idem). — The  purple  hue  is  peculiar 
to  some  varieties,  and  a  characteristic  of  good  health  rather  than  other¬ 
wise.  It  has  been  attributed  in  its  bluish  form  to  an  excess  of  iron  in 
the  soil,  but  this,  in  your  case,  can  hardly  have  resulted  from  the 
ground  last  year  having  a  sprinkling  of  sulphate  of  iron.  The  tendency 
of  sulphate  of  iron  is  to  promote  the  chlorophyll  or  green  colouring 
matter  of  leaves  and  young  growths,  but  it  also  aids  the  peculiar 
characteristic  purplish  hue  of  some  plants.  Some  growers  consider  the 
purple  due  to  potash.  Possibly  a  deficiency^  of  manure  or  available 
nitrogen  in  the  soil  may  tend  to  increase  the  purple  colour.  The 
foliage,  however,  is  not  deficient  in  substance,  and  the  growth  appears 
free,  so  that  we  do  not  advise  the  application  of  manure  at  present, 
unless  it  be  a  very  light  sprinklii.g  of  dissolved  bones.  The  water 
employed  ought  to  be  of  the  mean  teniperature  of  the  house,  as  cold 
water  or  that  of  minimum  heat  tends  to  check  the  growth. 
Cliauthus  puniceus  (M.  B.). — This  plant  requires  an  ordinary  green¬ 
house  temperature  such  as  you  appear  to  have  provided,  and  its  bright 
red  flowers  are  usually  produced  freely.  Possibly  the  plant  is  in  too 
rich  a  soil.  A  I’ather  sarjdy  loam  is  the  best,  and  it  is  only  when  the 
root  space  is  restricted  ihat  manurial  assistance  is  needed.  When 
grown  in  pots,  for  instance,  and  strong,  well-rooted  flowers  have  been 
obtained,  a  little  well-decorpposed  manure  incorporated  in  the  soil  is 
beneficial,  or  occasional  supplies  of  weak  liquid  manure  will  be  equally 
helpful.  An  important  point  is  to  syringe  the  plant  freely  while  it  is 
growing,  as  it  is  liable  to  be  infested  by  red  spider  if  that  be  neglected. 
It  is  also  desirable  to  harden  and  mature  the  growths  by  moderate 
exposure  to  sun  and  libeial  ventilation.  During  winter  much  less 
water  is  needed. 
Names  of  Plants. — We  only  undertake  to  name  species  of  cultivated 
plants,  not  wild  flowers,  or  varieties  that  have  originated  from  seeds  and 
termed  florists’  flowers.  Flowering  specimens  are  necessary  of  flowering 
plants,  and  Fern  fronds  should  bear  Spores.  Specimens  should  arrive 
in  a  fresh  state  in  securely  tied  firm  boxes.  Thin  paper  boxes  arrive  in 
a  flattened  state.  Slightly  damp  moss,  soft  green  grass,  or  leaves  form 
the  best  packing,  dry  wool  or  paper  the  worst.  Those  arrive  in  the 
best  condition  that  are  so  closely  or  firmly  packed  in  soft  green  fresh 
grass,  as  to  remain  unmoved  by  shaking.  No  specimens  should  be  sent 
to  rest  in  the  post  office  over  Sunday,  on  which  day  there  is  no  delivery 
of  postal  matter  in  London.  Specimens  in  partially  filled  boxes  are 
invariably  injured  or  spoiled  by  being  dashed  to  and  fro  in  transit.  Not 
more  than  six  specimens  can  be  named  at  once,  and  the  numbers  should 
be  visible  without  untying  the  ligatures,  it  being  often  difficult  to 
separate  them  when  the  paper  is  damp.  (T.  S.). — 1,  Odontoglossum 
gloriosum ;  2,  0.  Edwardi ;  3,  0.  grande.  (J.  L.). — 1,  Libonia  flori- 
bunda  ;  2,  Cytisus  racemosus  ;  3,  Iris  fimbriata  ;  4,  Primula  verticillata  ; 
5,  Anthericum  variegatum.  (Young  Orchid  rower). — 1,  Cymbidium 
eburneum  ;  2,  a  good  form  of  Cattleya  Triante  ;  3,  Cypripedium 
barbatum  ;  4,  Cymbidium  Lowianum;  5,  Angrtecum  sesquipedale. 
Names  of  Fruits  (H.  H.). — 1,  Winter  Hawthornden;  2,  Grange’s 
Winter  Pearmain  ;  3,  Bess  Pool. 
Covent  Garden  Ilarket.— Ifarcli  28th. 
Average  Wholesale  Frices. — Vegetables. 
s. 
d. 
s.  d. 
s.  d. 
8.  d. 
Artichokes,  green,  doz.  ... 
Asparagus,  green,  bundle 
2 
6  to  3  0 
Lettuce,  doz . 0  10  to  1  2 
6 
0 
5  9 
Mushrooms,  lb .  0  8 
0  10 
„  giant,  bundle 
15 
0 
20  0 
Mustard  and  Cress,  punnet  0  2 
0  (t 
Beans,  Jersey,  per  lb . 
2 
0 
2  6 
Onions,  bag,  about  1  cwt.  4  0 
8  0 
,,  Madeira,  basket ... 
2 
6 
3  6 
Parsley,  doz.  bunches  ...  2  0 
4  0 
Beet,  Red,  doz . 
0 
6 
0  0 
Potatoes,  cwt .  3  6 
6  0 
Brussels  Sprouts,  J  sieve... 
1 
6 
2  0 
„  Teneriffe,  cwt....  18  0 
28  0 
Cabbages,  per  tally . 
9 
0 
12  0 
Radishes,  Jersey,  long, doz.  0  8 
0  10 
Carrots,  per  doz . 
3 
0 
4  0 
„  French,  round,  doz.  1  6 
0  0 
Cauliflowers,  doz . 
3 
0 
4  0 
Seakale,  doz.  baskets  ...  15  0 
18  0 
Celery,  per  bundle . 
1 
0 
1  9 
Shallots,  lb .  0  3 
Spinach,  per  bushel .  3  0 
0  0 
Cucumbers,  doz . 
4 
0 
8  0 
6  0 
Endive,  doz . 
1 
6 
2  0 
Sprue,  French,  per  doz. ...  9  T) 
10  0 
Herbs,  bunch  . 
0 
2 
0  0 
Tomatoes,  per  doz.  lbs.  ...  4  6 
5  6 
Leeks,  bunch  . 
0 
3 
0  0 
Turnips,  bunch .  4  0 
6  0 
Average  Wholesale  Prices. — Fruit. 
8.  d. 
8.  d. 
8.  d. 
8.  d. 
Apples,  English,  per  sieve 
6  OtolO  0 
Lemons,  case  . 
4  0tol5  0 
„  Californian,  per  case 
8  0 
14  0 
Oranges,  per  case  . 
6  0 
15  0 
„  Nova  Scotian,  barrel 
15  0 
22  0 
„  Californian, seedless 
16  0 
24  0 
Cobnuts  per  100  lb . 
80  0 
90  0 
Pears,  Californian,  case... 
6  0 
9  0 
Grapes,  black  . 
2  6 
5  0 
Pines,  St.  Michael’s,  each 
1  0 
6  0 
„  Muscat . 
4  0 
8  0 
Average  Wholesale  Prices. — Plants  in  Pots.- 
B.  d. 
8.  d. 
8.  d. 
8.  d 
Acacias,  per  doz . 
12  0to24  0 
Ferns,  small,  100  . 
4  0  to  8  0 
Arbor  Vitae,  var.,  doz. 
6  0 
36  0 
Kieus  elastica,  each . 
1  6 
7  6 
Arums,  per  doz . 
8  0 
12  0 
Foliage  plants,  var.,  each 
1  0 
5  0 
Aspidistra,  doz . 
18  0 
36  0 
Genistas,  per  doz . 
8  0 
15  0 
Aspidistra,  specimen 
16  0 
20  0 
Lily  of  Valley,  per  pot  ... 
1  0 
2  O' 
Boronias,  doz . 
20  0 
24  0 
Hyacinths,  Dutch,  doz. ... 
10  0 
18  0 
Crotons,  doz . 
18  0 
30  0 
Hyacinths,  Roman, perpot 
0  8 
1  0 
Cyclamen,  doz . 
6  0 
8  0 
Lycopodiums,  doz . 
3  0 
6  0 
Dafibdils,  pot  . 
0  6 
1  0 
Marguerite  Daisy,  doz.  ... 
12  0 
15  0 
Dracaena,  var.,  doz . 
12  0 
80  0 
Mignonette,  doz . 
8  0 
12  O' 
Dracaena  viridis,  doz. 
9  0 
18  0 
Myrtles,  doz . 
6  0 
9  0 
Erica  various,  doz . 
8  0 
18  0 
Palms,  in  var.,  each 
1  0 
15  0 
Euonymus,  var.,  doz. 
6  0 
18  0 
,,  specimens  . 
21  0 
63  0 
Evergreens,  var.,  doz.  ... 
4  0 
18  0 
Solanums  per  doz . 
9  0 
18  0- 
Ferns,  var.,  doz . 
4  0 
18  0 
Average  Wholesale  Prices. —  Cut  Flowers.. 
8.  d. 
s. 
d. 
j 
8.  d. 
B.  d. 
Anemones,  doz.  bunches... 
2  0  to  3 
0 
Mimosa,  per  bunch . 
Mignonette,  doz.  bunches 
1  6  to  2  0 
Arums  . 
2  6 
3 
6 
6  0 
8  0 
Asparagus,  Fern,  bunch... 
2  0 
2 
6 
Narcissus,  white,  doz.  bun. 
„  Yellow,  doz.  bunches 
2  6 
3  6 
Bouvardia,  bunch  . 
0  6 
0 
9 
2  0 
3  0 
Carnations,  12  blooms  ... 
2  6 
3 
6 
Odontoglossums  . 
5  0 
7  6 
Cattlevas,  per  doz . 
10  0 
12 
0 
Pelargoniums,  doz.  bnchs 
8  0 
12  0 
Dafibdils,  double,  doz.  bnch 
6  0 
8  0 
Roses  (indoor),  doz . 
6  0 
8  0 
,,  single,  dcz.  bnch. 
6  0 
12 
0 
,,  Red,  doz . 
6  0 
8  (y 
Eucharis,  doz . 
2  0 
3  0 
„  Safrano,  packet 
3  6 
4  0 
Gardenias,  doz . 
6  0 
8 
0 
,,  Tea.  white,  doz. 
3  6 
6  0 
Geranium,  scarlet,  doz. 
,,  Yellow,  doz.  (Perles) 
„  Marechal  Niel,  doz. 
5  0 
7  6 
bnchs . 
6  0 
9 
0 
6  0 
12  0 
Hyacinth,  Roman,  doz.  ... 
5  0 
6 
0 
„  English  (indoor)  : — 
Lilium  Harrisi,  12  blooms 
6  0 
8  0 
,,  La  France,  doz. 
,,  Mermets,  doz . 
6  0 
12  0 
„  lancifolium  album  ... 
3  6 
4 
6 
3  0 
6  0' 
,,  ,,  rubrum... 
3  6 
4 
6 
Smilax,  bunch . 
5  0 
6  0 
,.  longiflorura.  12  blooms 
X  0 
10 
0 
Tulips,  scarlet,  bunch . 
0  6 
0  8 
Lilac,  white,  bundle 
4  0 
6 
( 
,,  yellow,  bunch . 
1  0 
1  6 
„  mauve,  bundle 
6  0 
8  0 
,,  bronze,  bunch . 
1  0 
1  6 
l.ilv  of  the  Valley.  12  bun. 
6  0 
18 
0 
Violets,  Parma,  bunch  ... 
3  0 
4  0 
Maidenhair  Fern, doz. bnch 
8  0 
10  0 
,,  dark,  French,  rioz. 
2  0 
3  0 
Marguerites,  doz,  bnchs. 
3  0 
4 
0 
„  ,,  English,  doz. 
2  0 
3  0 
,,  Yellow,  doz.  bnchs. 
4  0 
6 
0  ' 
A  BHOBT  word,  but  full  of  meaning.  We  are  called  a  nation  of 
beef  eaters,  but  really  we  are  also  quite,  if  not  more,  indebted  to 
“  Mr.  Pig  ”  for  our  main  meat  supply.  Of  course,  useful  as  he  is,  he 
is  not  of  such  absolute  importance  to  the  upper  and  middle  classes  as 
he  is  to  the  working  man,  but  our  breakfast  tables  would  present 
a  poor  appearance  without  some  adjuncts  from  pigdom.  He  is  far 
more  the  poor  man’s  animal  than  the  cow.  He  can  be  housed  at  so 
little  expense,  can  be  bought  at  less,  will  eat  what  the  cow  despises, 
and  every  ounce  of  him  can  be  consumed  with  relish  by  the  man 
and  his  family.  In  a  country  like  England,  where  cold  weather  is 
more  in  evidence  than  hot,  fatty  substances  are  required  to  keep  the 
system  warm,  and  next  to  butter  there  is  no  fat  so  pure  and  good  as 
that  of  pig.  He  is  easily  cured  and  easily  cooked,  and  is  so  “  relishable.” 
Of  course,  he  is  “  mortal,”  like  all  live  stock,  but  at  the  same  time 
he  might  be  called,  in  insurance  parlance,  a  “  healthy  life.”  He  is 
essentially  an  animal  for  the  country  cot:  age,  where  his  stye  need  not 
be  quite  at  the  very  door.  Town  pigs  are  odious  and  expensive.  All 
food  has  to  be  purchased,  and  then  the  areas  are  so  limited.  Pig- 
and  garden  should  go  together.  All  he  takes  from  the  garden  he- 
amply  repays  by  the  value  of  his  excellent  manure.  His  diet  is  much- 
