February  55,  1897. 
JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER . 
153 
The  final  transplanting  ot  Wallflowers  should  be  completed 
by  the  end  of  August  or  early  in  September,  at  least  I  have  found 
that  indispensable  in  a  cold  situation  North  of  London.  The 
plants  must  have  time  to  recover  from  the  check  of  removal  before 
the  winter  sets  in,  and  to  insure  this  they  should  be  lifted  care¬ 
fully  with  as  little  injury  to  their  roots  as  possible,  and  when  the 
soil  is  sufficiently  moist  to  adhere  to  them  in  a  compact  ball.  The 
warmth  in  the  earth  at  that  time  is  sufficient  to  encourage  root 
action,  and  we  then  have  our  plants  in  excellent  condition  for  the 
winter’s  trial  which  they  pass  safely  even  in  severe  weather,  for 
few  out  of  many  thousands  have  been  lost.  They  are  allowed  a 
distance  of  18  inches  apart  when  the  plants  are  very  strong. 
There  are  other  methods  of  raising  a  stock  of  Wallflowers  for 
flowering  later  in  the  season,  as  seed  can  be  sown  early  in  the  year 
(at  the  present  time  for  instance)  in  cool  houses  or  frames,  and 
the  plants  so  obtained  can  be  placed  out  in  March  or  early  April  ; 
but  the  flowering  is  uncertain  and  irregular,  some  will  flower  in 
the  summer,  others  in  the  autumn,  and  possibly  some  will  flower 
during  the  winter  in  mild  seasons,  or  they  may  not  flower  until  the 
following  spring.  Such  plants  are  useful  where  flowers  for  cut¬ 
ting  are  always  in  demand,  bat  they  cannot  be  relied  upon  for 
a  general  effect  like  those  raised  in  May  for  flowering  in  the 
following  year.  Autumn  and  winter  flower*  will  also  be  pro¬ 
duced  by  some  of  the  strongest  of  the  spring  plant*  if  left 
undisturbed,  and  many  a  bunch  of  greatly  appreciated  blooms 
have  thus  been  obtained  through  the  dreary  months  when  floral 
attractions  were  few  oat  of  doors.  Cuttings  are  also  easily  rooted 
in  early  spring  or  late  summer,  but  this  method  is  only  applicable 
to  any  varieties  which  it  is  desired  to  perpetuate  in  their  true 
character,  or  to  the  double  varieties,  though  these  al*o  are  usually 
increased  by  seed  now.  Cutting*  taken  from  the  side  growths 
about  3  inches  in  length,  and  inserted  in  pans,  boxes,  or  prepared 
beds  of  sandy  soil,  kept  shaded,  cool,  and  moist,  will  form  roots 
quickly,  and  can  then  be  transplanted  to  be  treated  like  the  others. 
So  much  attention  has  been  paid  to  the  selection  and  raising  of 
Wallflowers  by  seed  growers,  that  excellent  strains  are  now  obtain¬ 
able  from  the  best  houses  either  mixed  or  in  separate  colours,  and 
collections  of  double  varieties  are  offered  in  eighteen  different 
shades,  while  single  varieties  can  be  had  in  half  that  number  of 
tints.  Of  distinct  forms  that  have  been  dignified  with  special 
names  and  kept  true  to  character  the  following  have  proved  under 
my  trial  and  observation  to  be  the  most  worthy  of  note. 
Single  Varieties. — Dwarf  Bedder,  very  compact  and  early,  in 
two  colours,  yellow  and  reddish  brown  ;  Golden  Tom  Thumb,  rich 
yellow,  very  dwarf  ;  Cloth  of  Gold,  very  bright  golden  yellow, 
dwarf  ;  Golden  Beauty,  also  a  fine  dwarf  type  of  a  rich  golden 
tint ;  Earliest  of  All,  a  good  yellow,  and  very  early  ;  Harbinger, 
a  well  known  early  variety  with  bright  red  flowers  ;  Primrose 
Dame,  a  clear  primrose  tint,  dwarf  ;  Eastern  Qaeen,  salmon  red, 
very  distinct  and  of  good  dwarf  habit  ;  Early  Parisian,  rich  yellow, 
compact  ;  Faerie  Queen,  a  delicate  pale  clear  yellow  ;  Purple 
Queen,  a  warm  purple  tint ;  Ruby  Gem,  one  of  the  best  of  the 
purple  coloured  forms,  with  a  violet  tint  underlying  the  shining 
petals  ;  and  All  the  Year  Round,  a  dark  brown  variety,  of  good 
habit  and  very  florilerous. 
But  the  two  best  for  effective  contrast,  in  ma«ses  or  long  lines, 
that  I  have  tried  are  Blood  Red  and  Belvoir  Castle  if  first-class 
strains  are  secured,  as  can  be  done  if  a  special  request  is  made  to 
any  good  seedsman.  The  Blood  Red  of  the  Covent  Garden  type 
is  of  medium  height  but  excellent  habit,  compact,  bushy,  and 
sturdy  ;  but  the  plants  are  taller  than  Belvoir  Castle,  to  which 
they  make  a  good  back  row.  The  flowers  are  the  richest  in  colour 
of  any  known  to  me,  and  they  also  possess  a  powerful  fragrance  as 
compared  with  some  of  the  varieties.  Belvoir  Castle  is  an  excel¬ 
lent  yellow,  the  colour  is  very  pure,  the  habit  dwarf,  and  the 
abundance  of  flowers  produced  by  well  grown  plants  is  astonishing. 
The  purple  varieties  and  some  of  the  other  forms  are  interesting 
and  attractive  in  themselves,  but  are  unsuited  for  massing.  The 
best  fitted  for  this  are  those  with  well  marked  colours,  and  the 
shades  of  yellow  and  reddish  brown  harmonise  admirably. 
It  only  remains  to  add  that  our  Wallflower*  have  proved  one  of 
the  most  attractive  features  of  our  border  and  garden,  and  this 
must  be  the  excuse  for  saying  so  much  about  such  a  simple  plane. 
— A  Countryman. 
(To  be  continued.) 
Violas  for  the  Greenhouse.— One  of  the  best  uses  that  many 
varieties  of  Violas  can  be  put  to  is  pot  culture.  Plants  from  the 
frame  that  were  put  in  as  cuttings  in  October  should  be  placed  four 
or  six  plants  around  a  6-inch  pot,  using  some  good  soil  and  standing 
them  in  a  cold  frame  till  March.  Then  transfer  them  to  a  cool  green¬ 
house,  keeping  them  near  the  glass,  and  they  will  throw  fine  potfuls  of 
their  chaste  flowers.  Violas  at  this  time  are  much  appreciated.  We 
grow  hundred*  of  pots  every  spring,  and  they  are  greatly  admired. — S.  J. 
FLOWERING  TREES  AND  SHRUBS. 
Deciduous. 
( Continued  from  page  140.) 
On  a  bright  spring  day,  when  Nature  is  clad  in  her  freshest 
garb,  how  brilliant  in  appearance  is  a  mass  of  flowering  Broom  ! 
The  common  yellow  form  (Cytisus  scoparius)  may  often  be  seen 
in  full  splendour  upon  some  wild  British  heath.  We  see  it  some¬ 
times  in  our  gardens,  but  usually  in  very  small  patches  ;  yet  there 
is  many  an  unsightly  bank  which  might  be  made  attractive 
throughout  the  year  by  simply  planting  upon  it  in  one  bold  mass 
of  this  easily  grown  Cytisus.  C.  scoparius  grandiflora  produces 
larger  flowers  than  the  older  variety,  and  should,  therefore,  be 
FIG.  34.— DEUTZIA  CANDIDISSIMA  FLORE-PLENO.  ( See  page  154.) 
reserved  for  the  most  prominent  positions.  C.  albu*  and  C.  pur- 
pureu*  are  excellent  for  planting  near  or  upon  a  rockery  for  the 
sake  of  giving  variety  ;  but  for  large  masses  the  yellow  Broom  is, 
I  think,  the  best.  That  grand  variety  of  scoparius  named  Andre- 
anus  ia  perfectly  distinct  from  any  other  form  of  the  species,  the 
brown  and  yellow  markings  of  the  flowers  forming  a  delightful 
combination  of  colour.  Fortunately  the  plants  grow  freely,  and 
may  now  be  obtained  at  a  cheap  rate.  They  are  sure  to  be  largely 
planted  in  the  future. 
The  deciduous  Daphnes  are  really  attractive  early  flowering 
*hrubs ;  I  have  frequently  cut  showy  and  deliciously  scented 
sprays  of  Mezereum  in  January  from  plants  growing  in  the  open 
air.  In  planting  a  sheltered  position  should,  if  possible,  be 
selected,  in  order  to  take  the  fullest  advantage  of  its  early  flowering 
tendency.  The  so-called  white  form  I  do  not  care  for,  but  M.  atro- 
rubrum  should  be  grown  by  all. 
Deutzias  seem  to  be  more  generally  grown  in  pots  than  in 
