March  26,  189?, 
JOURNAL  ON  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
261 
preceding  are  best  applied  with  a  spraying  nozzle,  directing  the  spray 
upward,  so  as  to  reach  the  under  side  of  the  leave*.  A  cheaper  yet 
efficacious  plan  is  to  syringe  the  bushes  with  clear  lime  water,  made  by 
placing  1  lb.  of  quicklime  in  a  tub  with  3  gallons  of  water,  stirring  well 
together,  letting  stand  twenty-four  hours,  then  pour  off  the  clear  water, 
leaving  the  sediment.  Later  in  the  season  it  i*  also  a  good  plan  to  cut 
off  the  infeBted  points  of  the  ihoots  and  burn  them,  thus  clearing  the 
bushes  of  many  aphides. 
Coelogryne  Unhealthy  ((?.  27.). — The  discoloration  does  not 
extend  beyond  the  surface,  and  we  should  not  anticipate. any  evil  results 
if  the  plants  were  healthy  ;  but  that  does  not  seem  to  be  the  case,  as  the 
pseudo-bulb  is  puny,  the  leaves  small  and  not  well  developed.  Perhaps 
the  plants  require  repotting,  and  if  you  do  this  give  them  fresh  good 
peat  with  plenty  of  drainage.  If  you  can  induce  a  more  vigorous 
growth  they  will  flower  satisfactorily,  but  when  in  a  semi-starved  con¬ 
dition  you  cannot  expect  them  to  succeed. 
Scale  on  Oleanders  (IF.  F.  2?.). — Neriums  are  subject  to  this 
species  of  scale  insect,  and  then  follows  black  fungus.  The  ingect  is 
known  to  gardeners  as  the  orange  scale.  To  free  the  leaves  of  it  they 
should  be  washed  with  a  solution  of  softsoap  at  the  rate  of  6  ozs.  to  the 
gallon  of  water.  The  plant  first  of  all  should  be  syringed  with  water 
at  a  temperature  of  140°,  which  is  not  loo  high  if  syringed  on  the  plant ; 
but  if  the  latter  be  immersed  the  water  must  be  at  120°,  and  the  plant 
may  be  kept  in  the  water  half  a  minute.  The  leaves  are  to  be  washed 
on  both  sides  with  a  sponge,  pressing  whilst  washing  them,  so  as  to 
dislodge  the  insect  and  remove  the  black  fungus.  After  the  leaves  have 
been  washed  on  both  sides  they  should  be  allowed  to  dry,  and  then  the 
plants  should  be  syringed  with  water  at  140°,  laying  the  pots  on  their 
sides  so  that  the  hot  water  may  not  wet  the  soil.  The  insects  near  the 
midribs  may  be  dislodged  by  employing  a  pointed  stick.  A  good  washing 
with  softsoap  will  generally  keep  the  insects  under,  but  repeated  washings 
are  necessary  to  keep  plants  subject  to  it  clean. 
Compost  for  Cyprlpedlums  and  Dendroblums  ( Young 
Grower'). — A  suitable  compost  for  Cypripediums  insigne  and  barbatum 
would  consist  of  equal  parts  good  fibrous  peat,  fresh  sphagnum,  and  loam 
fibre,  with  a  liberal  admixture  of  potsherds  or  charcoal.  The  drainage 
must  be  exceptionally  good,  as  these  plants  require  abundant  supplies  of 
water  at  the  roots  while  growing,  and  even  in  the  winter  must  not  be 
dried  off  in  the  way  pseudo- bulbous  plants  generally  are.  In  potting  be 
careful  to  cut  away  all  decayed  roots,  and  spread  out  those  that  are 
healthy,  so  that  the  compost  runs  evenly  amongst  them.  Cypripediums 
should  not  be  raised  above  the  rims  of  the  pots,  but  kept  slightly  below, 
as  in  potting  ordinary  plants.  Dendrobium  nobile  thrives  best  in  peat 
and  sphagnum  in  about  equal  proportions,  with  a  few  nolules  of 
charcoal  added  to  insure  aeration.  Fill  the  pots  two-thirds  of  their 
depth  with  crocks,  over  these  put  a  thin  layer  of  rough  moss,  then 
press  the  compost  firmly  about  the  roots,  keeping  the  base  of  the  bulbs 
an  inch  or  so  above  the  rim  of  the  pot,  finishing  so  that  they  just  rest 
on  the  top  of  the  compost. 
The  lackey  Moth  (A.  B.  C.). — The  following  methods  of  pre¬ 
vention  and  remedies  are  recommended  by  Miss  Ormerod  : — “  Some 
good  may  be  done  by  looking  for  the  rings  of  eggs  on  the  shoots, 
cutting  these  off  and  destroying  them  ;  also  by  destyoying  any  yellow 
silken  cocoons  that  may  be  found  about  the  trees  ;  but  these  methods 
are  tedious,  and,  though  they  are  of  use  where  just  a  few  trees  can  be 
carefully  tended,  are  of  little  service  in  orchard  treatment.  A  far 
better  way  is  to  watch  for  the  webs,  and,  as  soon  as  they  are  seen,  to 
carry  out  the  old  French  method  and  cut  the  shoots  through  with  a  pair 
of  nippers  and  destroy  them.  It  is  well  for  one  person  to  cut  and 
anoth  ;r  to  hold  a  pail  below  for  the  web  and  all  the  caterpillars  (which 
on  the  first  alarm  would  throw  themselves  down  by  their  threads)  to 
fall  into.  The  pail  should  have  a  few  inches  depth  of  water  in  it,  or 
mud  thick  enough  to  prevent  the  caterpillars  from  escaping.  A  leBS 
troublesome,  but  less  complete  method,  is  to  shake  the  boughs,  or  strike 
them  smartly,  so  as  to  make  the  caterpillars  drop,  and  sweep  those  that 
dangle  by  their  threads  in  the  air  down  with  the  hand.  These  may  be 
trampled  on,  or  gas-lime,  quicklime,  or  anything  that  will  kill  them 
may  be  thrown  on  them,  but  it  should  be  done  at  once.  As  the  moths 
harbour  under  leaves  and  long  grass,  a  properly  kept  state  of  under¬ 
growth  in  orchards,  free  from  overwhelming  weeds  and  rank  herbage,  is 
of  service  in  preventing  attack.  Much  more  attention  to  this  matter 
is  needed  relatively  to  keeping  down  Apple  pests  than  is  commonly 
supposed.  The  dark,  damp,  confined  air  of  the  neglected  overcrowded 
orchard  fosters  all  kinds  of  insect  pests,  and  as  no  grass  cut  in  such 
circumstances  would  dry  it  is  often  left  for  rough  feeding,  or  an 
occasional  “  skinning  ”  of  what  is  too  long  to  remain  uncut,  and  thus 
“  pests  ”  have  possession  ;  whilst  where  the  trees  stand  apart,  as  they 
should,  there  is  sunshine  and  fresh  air  to  cause  ripened  growth,  and 
lighten  up  the  dark  nooks  that  insects  hide  in.  The  grass  can  be 
properly  pastured  and  attended  to,  and  also  the  small  birds  have  fuller 
access  to  do  their  work  as  insect-clearers.” 
Names  of  Plants. — We  only  undertake  to  name  species  of  plants, 
not  varieties  that  have  originated  from  seeds  and  termed  florists’  flowers. 
Flowering  specimens  are  necessary  of  flowering  plants,  and  Fern  fronds 
should  bear  spores.  Specimens  should  arrive  in  a  fresh  state  in  firm 
boxes.  Slightly  damp  moss,  soft  green  grass,  or  leaves  form  the  best 
packing,  dry  wool  the  worst.  Not  more  than  six  specimens  can  be  named 
at  once,  and  the  numbers  should  be  visible  without  untying  the  ligatures, 
at  being  often  difficult  to  separate  them  when  the  paper  is  damp. 
(</.). — Spiraea astilboidea.  (IF. 27.). — Forsythia  viridissima.  (IF.  IF.  C.). 
—Narcissus  minor. 
OOVENT  GARDEN  MARKET.— March  24th. 
FRUIT. 
1. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
1. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
Apples,  ^  sieve  .  - 
1 
3  to  2 
6 
Lemons,  case 
11 
0  to  14 
0 
Filberts  and  Cobs,  per  1001b. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Plums,  £  sieve  ..  .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Grapeg,  per  lb . 
2 
0 
3 
0 
St.  Michael  Pines, each 
•  • 
3 
0 
8 
0 
VEGETABLES. 
B. 
d. 
S. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
Asparagus,  per  100  ..  .. 
0 
0  to  0 
0 
Mustard  and  Cress,  punnet 
0 
2  to  0 
4 
Beans,  £  sieve  . 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Onions,  bushel  ..  .. 
3 
6 
4 
0 
Beet,  Red,  dozen . 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Parsley,  dozen  bunohes 
•  • 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Carrots,  bunch . 
0 
3 
0 
4 
Parsnips,  dozen  ..  .. 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Cauliflowers,  dozen  „.  .. 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Potatoes,  per  cwt.  .. 
•  • 
2 
0 
4 
9 
Celery,  bundle  . . 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Salsaf y ,  bundle  . .  . . 
1 
0 
1 
0 
Ooleworts,  dozen  bunchei 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Seakale,  per  basket  .. 
•  • 
1 
6 
1 
0 
Cucumbers  . 
0 
4 
0 
8 
Scorzonera,  bundle  .. 
•  • 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Endive,  dozen  . 
1 
3 
1 
6 
Shallots,  per  lb  ..  .. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Herbs,  bunch 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Spinach,  pad  .. 
(1 
0 
4 
0 
Leeks,  bunch  . 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Sprouts,  half  sieve  . . 
•  • 
1 
6 
1 
0 
Lettuce,  dozen . 
1 
3 
0 
0 
Tomatoes,  per  lb.  .. 
0 
4 
0 
9 
Mushrooms,  per  lb.  ..  .. 
0 
6 
0 
8 
Turnips,  bunch  ..  .> 
•  • 
0 
3 
0 
0 
PLANTS 
IN  POTS. 
B. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
Arbor  Vitas  (various)  doz. 
6 
0  to  36 
0 
Ficus  elastica,  each  . . 
•  • 
i 
0  to  7 
0 
Aspidistra,  dozen  . .  . . 
18 
0 
36 
0 
Foliage  plants,  var.  each 
i 
0 
6 
0 
Aspidistra,  specimen  plant 
5 
0 
10 
6 
Genista,  per  dozen  .. 
•  • 
6 
0 
10 
0 
Azalea,  per  dozen  ..  .. 
18 
0 
36 
0 
Hyacinths,  large,  per  dozen 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Oinerarias,  per  dozen . .  . . 
8 
0 
9 
0 
Lily  of  the  Valley,  12  pots 
9 
0 
12 
0 
Cyclamen,  per  dozen..  .. 
9 
0 
18 
0 
„  „  „  in  boxes 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Daffodils,  per  dozen  . .  . ; 
6 
0 
8 
0 
Lycopodiums,  dozen  . . 
•  • 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Dracffina, various,  dozen  .. 
12 
0 
30 
0 
Marguerite  Daisy,  dozen.. 
9 
0 
12 
0 
Dracaena  viridis,  dozen  .. 
9 
0 
18 
0 
Mignonette,  per  dozen 
•  • 
6 
0 
8 
0 
9 
0 
12 
0 
Myrtles,  dozen  . .  . . 
« 
0 
9 
0 
„  hyemalis,  per  dozen  10 
0 
15 
0 
Palms,  in  var..  each  .. 
•  . 
1 
0 
16 
0 
Euonymus,  var.,  dozen  .. 
6 
0 
18 
0 
,,  (specimens)  .. 
.. 
21 
0 
63 
0 
Evergreens,  in  variety,  doz. 
4 
0 
18 
0 
Spirrea,  per  dozen 
•  c 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Ferns  in  variety ,  dozen  .. 
4 
0 
13 
0 
Tulips,  dozen  pots 
•  . 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Ferns  (small)  per  hundred 
5 
0 
8 
0 
„  in  boxes,  per  dozen 
0 
8 
1 
6 
Roots  for  the  garden  in  boxes,  and  in  great  variety. 
AVERAGE  WHOLESALE 
.PRICES.— 
-OUT  FLOWERS.— Orchid  Blooms  in 
variety 
s. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
Anemones, dozen  bunches.. 
1 
6  to  3 
0 
Mignonette,  dozen  bunches 
3 
0  to  6 
0 
Arum  Lilies,  12  blooms  .. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Narciss,  White,  dozen 
Asparagus  Fern,  per  bunoh 
2 
0 
3 
6 
bunches  . 
1 
3 
2 
0 
Azalea,  per  dozen  sprays  . . 
0 
6 
0 
9 
Narciss,  Yellow,  dozen 
Bouvardias,  bunch  ..  .. 
0 
6 
0 
9 
bunches . 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Carnations,  12  bLooms 
1 
6 
3 
0 
Orchids,  var.  doz.  blooms 
1 
6 
12 
0 
Daffodils,  double,  dozen 
Pelargoniums,  12  bunches 
6 
0 
9 
0 
bunches . 
1 
6 
4 
0 
Polyanthus,  dozen  bunches 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Daffodils,  single,  dozen 
Pyrethrum,  dozen  bunches 
1 
6 
3 
0 
bunches  . 
2 
0 
5 
0 
Roses  (indoor),  dozen 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Eucharis, dozen  . . 
3 
6 
4 
0 
„  Tea,  white,  dozeD 
1 
0 
2 
6 
Gardenias,  dozen  ..  .. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
„  Yellow,  dozen  (Niels) 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Geranium,  scarlet,  doz. 
„  Red,  dozen  blooms  .. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
bunches  . 
4 
0 
6 
0 
„  Safrano  (English), 
Lilac,  White  (French),  per 
dozen . 
1 
0 
2 
0 
bunch  . 
3 
0 
4 
0 
„  Pink,  per  dozen  . .  . . 
4 
0 
8 
0 
Lilium  longiflorum,  12 
Smilax,  per  bunch  ..  .. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
blooms  . 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Tuberoses.  12  blooms. .  . . 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Lily  of  the  Valley,  12sprays, 
Tulips,  dozen  blooms  .  . . 
0 
6 
1 
0 
per  bunch . 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Violet  Parme,  per  bunch  . . 
2 
0 
2 
6 
Maidenhair  Fern, per  dozen 
„  per  doz.  bunches  . . 
1 
0 
1 
6 
bunohes  . .  . 
6 
0 
8 
0 
„  (French),  per  dozen 
Marguerites,  12  bunches  . . 
2 
0 
3 
0 
bunches 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Mimosa  (French)  per 
Wallflowers,  dozen  bunches 
1 
6 
4 
0 
bunch . 
1 
0 
1 
6 
WIREWORM, 
We  have  had  it  in  mind  to  write  of  this  pest  for  some 
time,  but  somehow  other  subjects  came  to  the  fore,  and  the  wire- 
worm  was  left  in  its  native  obscurity.  However,  to-day  in  reading 
the  “  Agricultural  Gazette  ”  we  find  their  ravages  are  referred  to, 
and  a  remedy — an  old  remedy  in  a  new  form — suggested. 
What,  in  the  first  instance,  is  a  wireworm.  The  wireworm  is 
the  larva  of  a  small  beetle  known  as  “skip  jack,”  “snap,”  or 
“click  beetle,”  from  their  habit  of  flying  up  in  the  air  with  a  kind 
of  snap  or  click.  They  pass  through  three  stages  of  growth— larva, 
pupa,  and  complete  insect  ;  but  there  is  with  them  one  strong 
point  of  difference  with  regard  to  other  sorts,  in  that  they  con¬ 
tinue  in  the  grub  or  wireworm  state  for  many  years.  The  pupal 
stage  appears  only  to  last  about  a  fortnight  or  so. 
The  “  click  ”  beetles  are  about  a  quarter  to  half  inch  in  length, 
with  a  pair  of  long  horns  and  six  legs.  The  wireworms  are  of  a 
straw  colour.  They,  too,  have  six  legs,  and  by  these  six  legs  can 
