May  27,  1897. 
JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
469 
Manures  and  Their  Application  (IF.  T.). — You  ask  for  a 
cheap  work  on  this  important  subject.  We  do  not  know  of  any  manual 
conveying  so  much  information  relative  to  the  different  kinds  of  manures, 
their  nature  and  uses,  for  so  small  an  outlay  of  money  as  you  can 
obtain  by  sending  6d.  in  stamps  to  Mr.  W.  Dyke,  Cranbourne  Nursery, 
St.  Margarets,  Ware,  Herts.  The  overwhelming  majority  of  young 
gardeners  might  study  it  with  advantage,  and  many  of  their  seniors  too. 
It  contains  thirty -one  closely  printed  pages  in  a  paper  cover. 
Vines  Infested  with  Thrlps  ( Tyro ). — To  destroy  the  thrips,  with 
which  the  specimen  you  send  is  infested,  yon  must  fumigate  with  good 
tobacco  paper,  taking  care  to  have  the  foliage  dry,  and  not  to  give  an 
overdose.  The  great  evil  of  thrips  is  that  fumigations,  even  nicotine 
vapourisations,  for  their  extirpation  need  to  be  repeated  at  intervals  of 
a  tew  days,  because  the  first  application  only  destroys  the  insects  then 
existing.  The  Vines  in  the  course  of  a  week  or  ten  days  may  be  again 
infested  with  thrips  simply  because  another  generation  has  appeared. 
Eepeat  the  fumigation  at  not  more  distant  intervals  than  a  week  for 
a  few  times,  but  avoid  it  while  the  Vines  are  in  flower. 
Vines  after  Dressing  with  Petroleum  (S.  R). — The  picture 
you  draw  of  the  Vines  is  a  very  accurate  one,  and  shows  the  importance 
of  not  taking  advice  from  other  than  practical  and  experienced  culti¬ 
vators.  We  have  often  drawn  attention  to  the  dangerous  practice  of 
usiDg  petroleum  on  Vines,  the  oil  does  not  mix  with  water,  and  has 
often  done  irreparable  injury.  The  man  who  recommends  the  use 
of  pure  paraffin  to  Vines  is  a  dangerous  adviser.  As  for  red  spider,  it 
remains  on  Vines  from  year  to  year,  and  no  matter  how  properly  venti¬ 
lated  and  cared  for  the  house  may  be,  Vines  are  subject  to  it  without 
special  care.  It  delights  in  a  dry  atmosphere,  and  attacks  Vines  badly 
nourished  at  the  roots.  Yes,  Alicante  is  more  robust  than  Black  Ham- 
burghs  and  most  white  Grapes,  and  that  suffices  to  account  for  the  dif¬ 
ference  in  the  injury  inflicted  There  is  no  question  that  the  petroleum 
combined  with  the  severe  peeling  did  the  mischief.  Only  the  soluble 
form  should  be  used,  even  as  a  winter  dressing  for  destroying  the  hiber¬ 
nating  red  spider  or  eggs.  Several  people  record  having  seen  spiders 
hatch  from  'the  red  eggs  in  spring,  but  red  spider  eggs  are  white,  and 
the  “  insect  ”  does  not  hibernate  in  them. 
Manuring  Vines  (A,  M.). —  The  “exact  quantity  of  human 
excrement  required  for  each  Vine  of  one  rod  ’’  cannot  well  be  stated,  as 
you  do  not  mention  the  extent  of  the  rod  or  border  space.  If  the  Vine 
has  as  much  rooting  area  as  the  amount  of  rod  space  you  may  put  on 
an  inch  thickness  of  ordinary  earth-closet  manure  in  a  crumbling 
condition,  and  point  into  the  soil  after  the  Vines  have  been  pruned, 
afterwards  dressing  with  one  of  the  advertised  Vine  manures  at  the  rate 
of  4  czs.  per  square  yard  before  the  Vines  come  into  leaf,  or  when 
swelling  their  buds,  pointing  in  lightly,  or  washing  in  modern' oly  after 
the  soil  has  been  brought  into  a  proper  state  of  moisture.  Repeat  when 
the  fruit  has  set,  and  again  as  soon  as  the  stoning  is  completed.  These 
three  dressings,  amounting  to  three-quarters  pound  per  square  yard  of  sub¬ 
stantial  Vine  food,  with  the  night-soil  dressing,  will  give  you  splendid 
results,  at  least  it  has  a  market  grower,  whose  produce  in  bulk  and 
quality  it  would  be  difficult  to  excel.  As  for  liquid-manure  water  we 
do  not  see  that  you  will  want  much  of  it,  but  if  you  consider  the  Vines 
need  more  vigour  you  may  dissolve  a  quarter  ounce  to  a  gallon  of  water  of 
sulphate  of  ammonia  if  the  soil  be  rather  strong,  nitrate  of  soda  if  the 
border  be  of  a  light  or  calcareous  nature.  This  may  commence  after  the 
Vines  come  into  leaf,  continuing  as  the  border  needs  supplies  of  water 
until  the  Grapes  change  colour  for  ripening,  when  discontinue  its  use. 
You  must  exercise  your  own  judgment  as  to  when  the  border  needs 
watering,  taking  care  not  to  make  the  soil  sodden,  and  thus  inducing 
shanking,  whilst  not  allowing  the  Vines  to  be  distressed  through  lack 
of  due  supplies. 
Utilising-  the  Refuse  of  a  Cigar  Factory  for  Fumigating 
(TF.  T). — The  fumigating  sheets  in  general  use  are  prepared  in  various 
ways,  the  process  of  which  is  only  known  to  the  proprietors.  We  have 
known  the  “  refuse  ” — an  exceedingly  valuable  material,  when  care  is 
taken  to  keep  it  perfectly  free  from  sulphur,  for  fumigating  fruit  and 
plant  houses — utilised  in  the  following  ways  : — 1,  Dissolve  a  table¬ 
spoonful  of  saltpetre  in  a  pint  of  water.  Take  pieces  of  the  coarsest 
brown  paper,  10  inches  long  and  6  inches  wide,  and  when  the  saltpetre 
is  dissolved  steep  thoroughly  in  the  solution,  then  dry  them,  and  keep 
till  wanted.  When  required  to  fumigate,  roll  each  piece  of  prepared  paper 
lengthwise  into  a  pipe,  leaving  the  hollow  not  less  than  half-inch  in 
diameter,  which  fill  with  the  c'gar  refuse,  and  twist  one  end  of  the 
pastille.  This  end  may  be  inserted  in  flower  pots  filled  with  soil,  sticking 
the  pastille  erectly  ;  light  the  other  end,  and  it  will  burn  out  gradually. 
With  a  number  of  these  disposed  through  the  house  according  to  size 
fumigation  can  be  very  effectively  carried  out  without  being  subjected 
to  the  smoke  beyond  the  time  taken  in  lighting.  2,  Prepare  sheets  of 
coarse  brown  paper  as  per  1,  and  when  dry  brush  them  on  one  side  with 
a  solution  of  gum  arabic,  a  tablespoonful  to  1  pint  of  water,  dusting  on 
the  damp  surface  as  much  cigar  refuse  as  will  adhere  or  cover  it.  Allow 
to  dry  ;  then  dress  the  other  side  in  a  similar  manner,  drying  and 
keeping  for  use  as  required.  These  sheets  are  simply  placed  on  or  in 
empty  flower  pots  and  left  to  smudge  or  burn  out.  In  both  cases  a 
certain  degree  of  moisture  is  necessary  to  secure  steady  burning,  the 
comparatively  slower  the  better.  Perhaps  you  may  be  able  to  improve 
upon  the  modes  of  preparation  given,  or  some  of  our  correspondents  may 
know  of  better.  We  may  say  that  1  oz.  of  the  cigar  refuse  to  half  a 
gallon  of  boiling  water  in  a  vessel  covered  «p  until  cooled  makes  excel¬ 
lent  tobacco  water,  and  if  then  strained  through  muslin  is  fit  for 
spraying  or  syringing  on  plants  infested  with  aphides,  thrips,  and  other 
pests,  it  being  still  the  best  mode  of  cleansing  fiuit  trees  from  “flies”' 
and  “  grubs  ”  of  all  kinds. 
Names  of  Plants. — We  only  undertake  to  name  species  of  plants, 
not  varieties  that  have  originated  from  seeds  and  termed  florists’  flowers. 
Flowering  specimens  are  necessary  of  flowering  plants,  and  Fern  fronds- 
should  bear  spores.  Specimens  should  arrive  in  a  fresh  state  in  firm 
boxes.  Slightly  damp  moss,  soft  green  grass,  or  leaves  form  the  best 
packing,  dry  wool  the  worst.  Not  more  than  six  specimens  can  be  named 
at  once,  and  the  numbers  should  be  visible  without  untying  the  ligatures, 
it  being  often  difficult  to  separate  them  when  the  paper  is  damp, 
(Devonian). — The  specimen  you  send  is  of  Cerasus  virginiana,  of  which 
you  will  find  some  interesting  particulars  with  an  illustration  on  page 
459.  (IF.  S). — Orchis  mascula.  (Wilts').— Geum  rivale.  ( C .  G.  M.)* 
— 1,  Cerasus  (Prunus)  Padus  ;  2,  C.  serotina.  (F.  V.) — 1,  Campanula 
garganica ;  2,  Weigela  rosea  ;  3,  Viburnum  Opulus ;  4,  dead.  The 
flowers  are  of  Streptosolon  Jamesoni,  an  easily  cultivated  greenhouse 
plant,  which  well  grown  and  carefully  trained  forms  a  very  beautiful 
object.  (A.  M.). — Mackaya  bella. 
00 VENT  GARDEN  MARKET.— May  26th. 
FRUIT. 
s. 
d 
8. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
8. 
d- 
Apples,  £  sieve . 0 
0  to  0 
0 
Lemons,  case 
11 
0  to  14 
n 
Filberts  and  Cobs,  per  1001b.  0 
0 
0 
0 
Plums,  J  sieve  . .  . . 
0 
0 
0 
a 
Grapes,  per  lb . 2 
0 
3 
6 
St.  Michael  Pines,  each 
•  • 
3 
0 
8 
0 
VEGETABLES. 
8. 
d. 
S. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
Asparagus,  per  100  ..  ..  0 
0 
to  0 
0 
Mustard  and  Oress,  punnet 
0 
2 
to  0 
4 
Beans,  j  sieve  . 0 
0 
0 
0 
Onions,  bushel  ..  .. 
3 
6 
4 
0 
Beet.  Bed, dozen ..  ..  .,  1 
0 
0 
0 
Parsley,  dozen  bunches 
, , 
2 
0 
2 
0 
Carrots,  bunch . 0 
3 
0 
4 
Parsnips,  dozen  ..  .. 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Cauliflowers,  dozen  ..  ..  2 
0 
3 
0 
Potatoes,  per  cwt. 
•  • 
2 
0 
4 
» 
Celery,  bundle  . 1 
(i 
0 
0 
Salsafy ,  bundle  . .  . . 
1 
0 
1 
0 
Ooleworts,  dozen  bunohe«  2 
0 
4 
0 
Seakale,  per  basket  .. 
•  • 
1 
6 
1 
0 
Cucumbers  . 0 
4 
0 
8 
Scorzonera,  bundle  .. 
•  • 
1 
6 
0 
0 
3 
1 
6 
Shallots,  per  lb  .. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Spinach .  pad 
0 
0 
4 
0 
Leeks,  bunch  . 0 
2 
0 
0 
Sprouts,  half  sieve  . . 
•  • 
1 
6 
1 
0 
Lettuce,  dozen  ..  ..  1 
3 
0 
0 
Tomatoes,  per  lb.  .. 
•  • 
0 
4 
0 
9 
Mushrooms,  per  lb . 0 
6 
0 
8 
Turnips,  bunch  .. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
PLANTS 
IN  POTS. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
Arbor  Vitse  (various)  doz.  6 
0  to  36 
0 
Fuchsias,  per  dozen  . . 
• . 
6 
0 
to  9 
0 
Arum  Lilies,  per  dozen  . .  8 
0 
12 
0 
Genista,  per  dozen  .. 
.  a 
6 
0 
10 
0 
Aspidistra,  dozen  ..  ..18 
0 
36 
0 
Hydrangeas,  per  dozen 
. . 
9 
0 
12 
0 
Aspidistra ,  specimen  plant  6 
0 
10 
6 
Lilium  Harnssi,  per  dozen 
12 
0 
18 
0 
Azalea,  per  dozen  ..  ..18 
0 
36 
0 
Lobelias,  per  dozen  .. 
•  • 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Calceolarias,  per  dozen  ..  4 
0 
8 
0 
Lycopodiums,  dozen  . . 
.  - 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Dracaena, various,  dozen  ..  12 
0 
30 
0 
Marguerite  Daisy,  per 
Dracaena  viridis,  dozen  ..  9 
0 
18 
0 
dozen  . 
6 
0 
0 
Erica,  (various)  per  dozen  9 
0 
18 
0 
Mignonette,  per  dozen 
.. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Euonymus.  var.,  dozen  ..  6 
0 
18 
0 
Myrtles,  dozen  . .  . . 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Evergreens,  in  variety,  per 
Palms,  in  var.,  each  .. 
.. 
1 
0 
15 
0 
dozen  . 4 
0 
18 
0 
,,  (specimens-'  .. 
21 
0 
63 
0 
Ferns  in  variety. dozen  ..  4 
0 
18 
n 
Pelargoniums,  per  dozen 
. . 
9 
0 
15 
0 
Ferns  ( small)  per  hundred  5 
0 
8 
0 
„  Scarlet,  per  doz. 
4 
0 
8 
0 
Ficus  elastica,  each  ..  ..  l 
0 
7 
0 
Spirasa,  per  dozen 
•  4 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Foliage  plants,  var.  each  1 
0 
5 
0 
Bedding  plants  and  roots  for  the  garden  in  boxes,  and  in  great  variety. 
AVERAGE  WHOLESALE  PRIOES.— OUT 
FLOWERS. — Orchid  Blooms  in  variety. 
s.  d.  '  s.  d. 
Anemones, dozen  bunches. .  1  6  to  3  0 
Acum  Lilies,  12  blooms  ..  2  0  4  0 
Asparagus  Fern,  per  bnoh.  2  0  3  6 
Azalea,  per  dozen  sprays  ..  0  6  0  9 
Bluebells,  dozen  bunches  10  16 
Bouvardias,  bunch  ..  ..  0  6  0  9 
Carnations,  12  blooms  ..10  3  0 
Cornflower,  dozen  bunches  9  0  12  0 
Eucharis, dozen .  3  0  4  0 
Gardenias,  dozen  ....  2  0  4  0 
Geranium,  scarlet,  doz. 
bunches .  4  0  6  0 
Iris  (various), doz.  bunches  6  0  12  0 
Lilac  (English),  per  bunch  0  6  10 
Lilac,  White  (French),  per 
bunch .  86  40 
Lilium  longiflorum,  12 
blooms  .  2  0  4  0 
Lily  of  the  Valley  (French), 
per  bunch . 10  16 
Lily  of  the  Valley,  12sprays, 
per  bunch . 06  10 
Maidenhair  Fern,  per  dozen 
bunches  ..  40  8  0 
Marguerites,  12  bunches  .. 
Mignonette,  dozen  bunches 
Myosotis,  dozen  bunches  . . 
Narciss,  (various;,  dozen 
bunches  . 
Orchids,  var.  doz.  blooms 
Paaony  (English),  Pink, 
dozen  bunches . 
Paeony  ( English.)  Red, 
dozen  bunches  . .  . . 
Pseony  (French),  per  bunch 
Pelargoniums.  12  bunches 
Polyanthus,  dozen  bunches 
Pyrethrum,  dozen  uuuches 
Roses  (indoor),  dozen 
„  Tea ,  white,  dozen 
„  Yellow,  dozen  (Niels) 
„  Red,  dozen  blooms  .. 
„  Safrano(English),doz. 
„  Pink,  per  dozen  . .  . . 
Smilax,  per  bunch  ..  .. 
Tuberoses,  12  blooms. .  .. 
Tulips,  dozen  bunches 
Wallflowers,  dozen  bunches 
s.  d.  s.  d. 
2  0  to  3  0 
3  0  6  0 
16  2  0 
13  4  0 
1  6  12  0 
9  0  15  0 
4  0  5  0 
0  6  0  9 
4«  8  0 
10  SO 
16  3  0 
0  9  16 
10  2  0 
16  4  0 
16  4  0 
10  2  0 
4  0  6  0 
4  0  5  0 
10  16 
2  0  6  6 
16  4  0 
GARDENERS’  CHARITABLE  AND  PROVIDENT 
INSTITUTIONS. 
The  Gardeners’  Royal  Benevolent  Institution.  Secretary , 
Mr.  G.  J.  Ingram,  50,  Parliament  Street,  London,  W.C. 
United  Horticultural  Benefit  and  Provident  Society.— 
<i Secretary ,  Mr.  W.  Collins,  9,  Martindale  Road,  Balham,  London,  S.W. 
Royal  Gardeners’  Orphan  Fund.— Secretary,  Mr.  A.  F.  Barron, 
The  Royal  Gardeners’  Orphan  Fund,  Chiswick.  W. 
