July  4, 1895. 
JOVRNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
•7 
and  the  slow  but  gradually  widening  field  of  operations  not  being  under¬ 
taken  all  at  once. 
Of  late  years  seedling  raisers  in  France  have  increased  in  numbers, 
although  some  of  the  older  and  once  well-known  ones  have  retired  from 
the  work.  Growers  in  Belgium  have  contributed  to  the  lists,  but  mainly, 
if  not  entirely,  with  sorts  obtained  from  imported  seeds.  Italian 
nurserymen,  too,  have  embarked  on  the  work,  but  their  productions  have 
achieved  but  little  success  with  us. 
The  Americans,  as  everyone  knows,  have  inundated  us  with  their 
seedlings  and  novelties  which  they  have  imported  from  Japan.  New 
Zealand  a  few  years  since  became  a  fresh  field  of  operations,  this  fact, 
as  most  of  us  will  remember,  being  principally  accentuated  by  the  dis¬ 
patch  of  Mr.  Garland’s  seedlings,  frozen  in  ice,  for  exhibition  at  one  of 
our  N.C.S.  shows. 
More  recently  the  Chrysanthemum  fanciers  of  Australia  have  become 
smitten  with  the  fascinating  phase  of  Chrysanthemum  cultivation  from 
seeds,  some  good  ones  being  reported  as  having  been  raised  in  Victoria, 
and  more  recently  in  New  South  Wales. 
At  the  Chrysanthemum  show  of  the  Horticultural  Society  at  Sydney 
in  April  last  the  Floral  Committee  held  a  meeting  to  examine  the 
novelties,  and  certificates  were  awarded  in  a  manner  similar  to  that 
adopted  by  such  bodies  at  home.  It  has  occurred  to  me  that  it  would 
be  useful  to  place  on  record  the  names  and  descriptions  of  these 
Colonial-raised  varieties,  especially  as  I  believe  this  is  the  first  occasion 
of  a  Colonial  Floral  Committee  making  such  awards. 
They  are  given  in  the  “  Australian  Agriculturist  ”  as  follows  : — 
G,  H.  Kerslake. — A  seedling,  raised  by  G.  H.  Kerslake.  Japanese 
variety  ;  very  deep  flower,  pure  white,  with  long  drooping  petals.  From 
Btoile  de  Lyon.  First-class  certificate. 
Oceana. — A  Florence  Davis  seedling,  raised  by  G.  Kerslake.  Incurved 
Japanese  of  large  size ;  colour  clear  yellow,  broad  petals.  First-class 
certificate. 
Fride  of  EUioood. — Raised  by  G.  Kerslake.  Japanese  reflexed  ;  colour 
bright  amber  yellow,  long  petals. 
Mrs.  J.  H.  Horton. — Seedling,  raised  by  J.  H.  Horton.  Japanese 
incurved,  a  flower  of  great  size  and  substance  ;  old  gold  colour,  suffused 
with  salmon,  reverse  buff,  perfectly  distinct ;  broad,  loosely  incurved 
petals.  First-class  certificate. 
Minemiah. — Seedling  raised  by  S.  B.  Levick.  Japanese  variety  ; 
long  petals ;  colour  deep  yellow  lined  reddish-brown,  reverse  pale 
yellow.  Seedling  from  Sunflower.  First-class  certificate. 
Samuel  Upton. — Raised  by  J.  Upton.  Japanese  incurved  ;  deep 
rosy  amaranth,  reverse  silvery  ;  large  flower  loosely  incurved.  First- 
class  certificate. 
Mr.  James  loohey. — Raised  by  J.  Upton.  Japanese  incurved  ; 
pale  lilac,  silvery  reverse.  First-class  certificate. 
Lady  Gormanstoii. — A  seedling  raised  in  Tasmania  ;  colour  white, 
slightly  tinged  lilac,  was  also  awarded  a  first-class  certificate. 
In  the  list  are  several  imported  varieties,  and  some  of  the  colonial 
novelties  the  Committee  wished  to  see  again. 
The  writer,  in  referring  to  the  Sydney  show  says  that  the  visitor 
could  not  fail  to  be  struck  at  the  disappearance  of  many  old  favourites 
of  a  few  years  ago,  and  the  advent  of  newer,  and,  in  some  instances, 
larger  and  more  telling  varieties  in  the  shape  of  Australian-raised 
seedlings  of  great  merit.  He  adds  that  the  more  robust  constitution  of 
the  seedlings  will  most  certainly  elbow  out  of  the  way  the  older  kinds, 
and  he  prophesies  that  before  long  classes  will  be  held  in  which 
Australian-raised  seedlings  will  predominate. — C.  H.  P. 
MEN  AND  MANNERS. 
In  reply  to  the  note  (of  interrogation)  by  “Ignoramus”  (page  513) 
re  “  Men  and  Manners,”  I  should  like  to  go  deeper  into  this  subject 
than,  I  fear,  either  time  or  space  will  allow.  Doubtless  the  highest 
outward  and  visible  form  of  respect  payable  to  whom  the  tribute  is  due 
is  that  which  conforms  to  their  wishes,  if  expressed,  on  the  matter.  For 
instance,  the  simple  modes  adopted  by  the  “  Society  of  Friends  ”  is  a 
case  in  point. 
Generally,  etiquette  is  ruled  by  custom  ;  various  nations  have 
different  methods  of  expression,  from  the  profound  obeisance  of  the 
Oriental  to  the  freer  manners  of  “  the  West,”  where,  indeed,  outward 
and  visible  forms  are  conspicuous  by  their  absence.  Custom  rules  ;  and 
presumably  when  in  Rome,  or  elsewhere,  we  must  do  as  Rome,  or  else¬ 
where,  does.  Narrowing  down  from  the  broader  views  of  the  question 
to  the  simple  query  of  your  correspondent,  I  cannot  agree  with  the 
opinion  given  to  him  by  a  lady,  nor  reconcile  it  with  the  manners  of  her 
country  (France),  where  polite  usages  have  been  studied  as  a  fine  art  ; 
unless  it  be  that  Pierre  or  Jean  there  occupy  a  rung  on  the  social  ladder 
lower  than  their  English  brothers  of  the  spade.  In  my  humble  opinion 
the  flippant  salute  in  raising  the  index  finger  to  the  headgear  was  either 
invented  by  coachmen  and  grooms  whose  hands  ate  full  of  reins  and 
whips,  or  by  some  lazy  man  who  “  couldna’  be  fashed  ”  to  perform  the 
operation  in  its  entirety. 
Having  served  a  family  of  high  social  rank,  and  being — as  I  sign 
myself — an  observer  of  men  and  manners,  I  must  record  that  their 
servants  of  whatever  degree,  from  the  humblest  to  the  highest,  used  no 
other  form  of  salutation  than  bowing — viz.,  raising  the  hat.  We  also 
had  some  authority  for  the  procedure,  for  the  nobleman,  who  was  dis¬ 
tinguished  by  his  courtesy  laid  down  (unconsciously  perhaps)  some 
rules  on  the  matter.  Children— our  children — and  the  estate  was  rather 
heavily  encumbered  in  this  direction,  he  always  noticed,  and  should  any 
boy  fail  to  lift  his  cap  he  was  called  back  and  instructed,  by  example, 
in  the  art  of  bowing  ;  consequently  it  was  a  common  thing  (and  I  think 
particularly  pleasing)  to  note  mere  toddling  urchins  rendering  that 
homage  which  was  always  gracefully  acknowledged. 
But  circumstances  alter  cases,  and  if  I  found  that  the  bow  proper 
was  construed  into  the  appearance  of  taking  a  liberty,  then  I  should 
resort  to  the  “  touch  and  go  ”  method,  however  undignified  it  appeared 
(and  it  does)  to  me.  The  subject  is  perhaps  unsuitable  for  further 
discussion  in  the  Journal  of  Horticulture,  hence  I  would  like  to  speak 
now  on  the  unsatisfactory  method  in  vogue  of  mutilating  the  word 
Madam  when  addressing  a  lady  (not  of  title).  Here  we  see  it  corrupted 
into  “  Ma’am  ”  (Irish,  and  least  offensive)  ;  “  Mem,”  North  British  ; 
and  “  Mum,”  English  ;  with  other  local  intonations.  Young  gardeners, 
address  a  lady  (not  of  title)  by  the  dignified  appellation,  “  Madam,” 
and  should  you  unwittingly  err  by  the  omission  of  a  higher  title,  then 
you  commit  no  indiscretion,  though  you  should  unconsciously  be 
addressing  the  highest  lady  in  the  land. — Observer. 
The  salutation  of  an  employer  is  a  subject  which  many  years  since 
engaged  my  thoughts,  and,  like  your  correspondent,  I  have  observed 
various  ways  of  its  performance  by  gardeners  and  other  servants.  The 
first  gardener  under  whom  I  served  was  in  the  habit  of  raising  his  hat, 
and  I,  of  course,  considered  that  was  the  proper  thing  to  do  ;  but 
it  soon  occurred  to  me  that  it  was  not  right  for  a  gardener  to  salute 
his  mistress  in  the  same  manner  as  a  gentleman  would.  At  the  same 
time  I  was  anxious  to  avoid  the  well-known  movement  of  grooms 
and  footmen. 
I  therefore,  in  the  absence  of  any  instruction  on  this  point  of 
etiquette,  decided  to  adopt  an  intermediate  course,  which  I  believed  to 
be  free  from  ostentation  on  the  one  hand,  and  also  from  the  objecticr 
indicated  above  on  the  other  ;  and  if  I  may  judge  from  the  manner  iv 
which  my  salutations  have  been  received,  I  may  conclude  they  have 
not  been  objectionable.  I  shall  not  on  this  occasion  describe  my  mode 
of  procedure,  since  it  is  but  the  outcome  of  my  own  ideas,  and  may  not 
be  correct,  and  your  correspondent  requires  something  definite  ;  more¬ 
over,  we  may  expect  interesting  communications  from  some  who  are  in 
a  better  position  to  know  than  myself.  The  subject  is  an  important 
one  to  us  gaideners,  and  I  trust  will  be  fully  treated  by  someone 
competent  to  deal  with  it. 
In  addition  to  the  point  raised  on  page  510  I  would  like  to  suggest 
two  others — viz.,  at  what  stage  of  development  are  the  children  of  our 
employers  entitled  to  be  thus  recognised  ?  I  have  thought  when  miss 
appears  in  long  clothes,  and  her  hair  turned  up  ;  but  this  is  a  precocious 
age,  and  I  have  fancied  that  some  have  expected  acknowledgment 
earlier.  I  think,  however,  they  should  bide  their  time. 
What  are  we  to  do  about  the  head  steward  and  lady  governess  ?  I 
have  known  some  who  refused  to  notice  the  governess.  She  is,  however, 
frequently  as  much  a  lady  as  the  mistress  herself,  and  as  such  is,  I  think, 
entitled  to  our  respect ;  but  will  the  mistress  object  to  equal  honour 
being  paid  to  the  governess  as  to  herself  ?  And  if  so,  how  shall  we  make 
a  difference  ? — West  Anglia. 
ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  SOCIETY. 
June  25th. 
Scientific  Committee. — Present :  Mr.  McLachlan  (in  the  chair); 
Dr.  Bonavia,  Prof.  Midler,  Prof.  Church,  Mr.  Wilson,  Mr.  Lynch,  and 
Rev.  G.  Henslow,  Hon.  Sec. 
Primula  scotica. — Mr.  Wilson  exhibited  a  pot  containing  some 
seedling  plants,  in  blossom,  of  this  North  British  species,  which  i.s 
found  in  pastures  of  Orkney,  Caithness,  and  Sutherland.  The  flnwers 
are  homomorphic,  not  having  the  stamens  and  pistils  of  different 
lengths  as  in  most  other  Primulas. 
Round-leaved  Beech. — Mr.  Jackmann  exhibited  small  trees  of  Fagus 
sylvatica,  with  the  leaves  small,  entire,  and  round.  As  the  trees 
exhibited  an  erect  form,  with  short  branches,  it  would  seem  to  be  the 
result  of  some  check  to  growth,  the  form  of  the  leaf  representing  a  less 
developed  state  than  that  the  ordinary  type  of  tree. 
Prehistoric  Hazel. — Mr.  Colinetteof  Guernsey  forwarded  some  Hazel 
wood  found  in  peat  near  the  coast  of  Guernsey,  containing  flint 
implements,  stone  rings,  and  pottery,  presumably  neolithic.  No  Hazel 
is  now  known  to  be  indigenous  to  Guernsey. 
Flies  Attached  ly  Fungi. — Mr.  McLachlan  exhibited  specimens  of 
Melanostoma  scalare  attached  to  flowering  stems  of  a  Grass,  Glyceria 
fluitans.  They  were  received  from  Mr.  Ralph  C.  Bradley  of  Sutton 
Coldfield,  who  writes  as  follows  : — “  Whilst  collecting  in  Blackroot  Bog, 
Sutton,  on  June  16th,  I  came  across  an  extraordinary  phenomenon. 
For  a  space  of  about  a  dozen  square  yards  the  flowering  stems  of 
Glyceria  fluitans  were  covered  with  a  large  number  of  dead  Melanostoma 
scalare,  whose  bodies  were  very  much  distended  by  a  fungoid  growth 
similar  to  that  seen  on  the  house  fly  in  the  autumn.  Some  stems  bore 
thirty  to  forty  specimens,  and  fresh  victims  were  constantly  being  added. 
I  also  found  two  flowering  stems  of  Dock  covered  with  the  dead  bodies 
in  a  similar  manner.  The  flies  were  to  be  found  only  on  the  flowering 
part  of  the  stems,  and  not  on  any  leaves  or  herbage.  Why  M.  scalare 
should  be  the  only  species  attracted  to  the  stems  and  attacked  in  this 
manner  is  very  curious,  as  swarms  of  other  insects  were  flying  about, 
but  did  not  seem  to  be  tempted  to  join  them  in  the  least.”  They  were 
forwarded  to  Kew  for  investigation. 
