July  11,  1895. 
JOURj^AL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
35 
is  the  system  of  culture  which  has  been  evolved  by  the  Japanese  genius 
daring  more  than  a  thousand  years  of  comparatively  settled  life. 
The  period  ranging  from  500  a.d.  to  1500  a.d.  was  in  Europe  one  in 
which  society  was  given  over  to  disruption  and  violence,  and  the  universal 
lawlessness  making  self-protection  imperative,  extinguished  the  arts  and 
sciences  in  the  ruder  game  of  war.  But  while  the  Dark  and  the  Middle 
Ages  lay  thus  like  an  incubus  upon  the  minds  of  the  people  of  Europe, 
China  and  Japan,  though  not  without  their  troubles,  seemed  to  have 
pursued  a  less  perturbed  career.  The  existence  of  a  carefully  thought- 
out  art  of  landscape  gardening,  often  cast  upon  quite  a  Lilliputian 
■scale,  indicates  that  the  age  of  rapine,  incursion  and  of  the  rudest 
agriculture,  such  as  we  see  existing  in  Europe  four  centuries  ago,  must 
have  given  place  in  Japan  long  before  to  a  state  of  things  more  resem¬ 
bling  that  which  we  enjoy  now.  The  rules  of  Japanese  gardening 
being  more  applicable  to  very  small  gardens  than  to  large  ones,  we  must 
naturally  conclude  that  a  system  of  small  holdings  and  intensive  culti¬ 
vation  has  prevailed  in  Japan  for  many  centuries.  Inasmuch  as  we 
are  only  just  becoming  alive  to  the  necessity  of  creating  a  similar  con¬ 
dition  of  affairs  in  England,  we  must  admit  that  the  Japanese  have  been 
as  much  in  advance  of  us  in  this  particular  as  we  are  of  them  in  the 
matter  of  manufactures. 
To  those  who  are  desirous  of  obtaining  a  true  insight  into  the  life 
and  genius  of  the  Japanese  we  do  not  hesitate  to  recommend  this  work 
of  Mr,  Conder.  In  many  respects  it  is  a  most  fascinating  book,  and  one 
suited  in  the  highest  degree  to  the  large  and  ever-increasing  class  of 
horticulturists  about  our  great  cities.  Though  there  is  much  in  Japanese 
gardening  which  many  will  pronounce  finnicking  and  superfluous,  still 
many  useful  suggestions  can  be  gleaned  from  it,  and  it  is  always  and 
everywhere  an  interesting  subject  of  study.  In  order,  moreover,  that 
there  may  be  no  obstacle  to  the  thorough  understanding  of  the  many 
minute  points,  the  designers  of  these  two  very  handsome  volumes  have 
completely  subordinated  the  text  to  the  illustrations.  Indeed  the 
second  volume  consists  entirely  of  views,  forty  in  number,  of  the  most 
celebrated  public  and~private  gardens  of  Japan,  and  of  which  it  is 
■impossible  to  speak  too  highly,  so  superb  is  their  execution.  More 
interesting  still,  however,  is  the  first  volume  containing  a  large  number 
of  diagrams  and  plans  of  objects  and  designs  peculiar  to  Japanese 
gardens,  accompanied  with  explanatory  text  from  the  expert  pen  of 
Mr.  Condor,  while  prefixed  to  all  is  an  introduction  and  history  of  the 
most  pleasing  and  instructive  character.  “Landscape  Gardening  in 
■Japan  ”  is  in  its  nature  an  edition  de  luxe,  and  with  its  rich  green 
binding  and  designs  of  embossed  gilt,  is  admirably  adapted  for  com¬ 
plimentary  presentation  or  for  display  at  conversaziones  of  the  learned 
And  polite. 
ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  SOCIETY. 
July  9th. 
The  display  at  the  Drill  Hall,.  Westminster,  on  Tuesday  was  not 
nearly  so  extensive  as  might  have  been  expected.  Orchids  were  of 
excellent  quality,  though  not  seen  in  very  large  numbers,  and  the  same 
may  be  said  of  miscellaneous  plants  and  hardy  flowers.  Fruit  and 
vegetables,  especially  from  Messrs.  J.  Yeitch  &  Sons,  were  very  hand- 
•some  indeed.  Roses  that  were  shown  in  competition  were  very  good, 
-and  a  list  of  the  prizewinners  will  be  found  on  page  42. 
Fruit  Committee.— Present  :  Dr.  R.  Hogg  (in  the  chair)  ;  with 
A.  H.  Pearson,  W.  Pope,  A.  Dean,  W.  Bates,  T.  Geen,  G.  Reynolds, 
G.  Wythes,  F.‘  Q.  Lane,  J.  Smith,  J.  Hudson,  and  R.  Fife. 
The  exhibits  before  the  Fruit  Committee  were  rather  more  numerous, 
and  the  quality,  as  a  rule,  ranged  high.  Mr.  H.  Becker,  Jersey,  sent 
Gooseberry  Granville  Giant,  Red  Currant  Comet,  and  White  Currant 
Eclipse,  all  good.  From  Messrs.  Barr  &  Son  came  a  small  vegetable 
exhibit,  comprising  Cabbages,  Peas,  Beans,  and  Lettuces,  all  in  very 
creditable  condition.  Mr.  E.  Beckett,  Aldenham  House  Gardens, 
Elstree,  arranged  a  very  fine  collection  of  vegetables,  consisting  of 
Lettuce  Superb  White  Cos,  Cauliflower  Walcheren,  Onion  White 
Leviathan,  Beet  Sutton’s  Gem,  Marrows  Moore’s  Cream  and  Pen-y-byd, 
Tomatoes  Sutton’s  Perfection,  Polegate,  and  Caemin  Rouge,  Carrots  New 
Intermediate  and  Sutton’s  Early  Gem,  Turnip  Snowball,  Potatoes 
Early  Regent,  Sharpe’s  Victor,  and  Puritan,  Bean  Carter’s  Leviathan 
Longpod,  Peas  Duke  of  Albany  and  Telegraph,  French  Beans  Canadian 
Wonder  and  Ne  Plus  Ultra,  Cucumbers  Victory  and  Up-to-date,  Mush¬ 
rooms,  and  Radishes.  These  were  tastefully  arranged.  Parsley  being 
used  as  a  groundwork  (silver-gilt  Knightian  medal). 
Mr.  H.  Eckford,  Wem,  sent  several  excel’ent  new  Peas,  including 
Chieftain.  Rex,  Royalty,  Monarch,  Potentate,  Memorial,  and  Heroine. 
Mr.  M.  Kneller,  gardener  to  M.  Portal,  Esq.,  Basingstoke,  staged  a 
handsome  brace  of  Cucumbers  named  Challenger. 
The  most  conspicuous,  and  at  the  same  time  interesting  exhibit,  was 
that  of  Messrs,  J.  Veitch  &  Sons,  and  comprised  hardy  small  fruits  and 
Peas.  The  back  of  the  stand  was  occupied  by  Currants  Red  Cherry, 
Black  Naples,  Victoria,  White  Dutch,  White  Transparent,  White  Crystal, 
and  La  Fertile.  These  were  shown  on  the  branches  as  grown,  and  were 
producing  wonderful  crops.  Several  of  the  varieties  were  also  shown  in 
dishes.  Of  Gooseberries,  Green  Gascoigne,  Hedgehog,  Golden  Drop, 
Early  Sulphur,  Early  Red  Harry,  Legerdemain,  Green  Overall,  Early 
Green  Harry,  and  Bright  Venus  were  exhibited.  Two  Raspberries  were 
staged,  these  being  Superlative  and  Yellow  Antwerp.  Cherries  were 
splendidly  represented  by  Governor  Wood,  Black  Tartarian,  Bigarreau 
Napoleon,  Belle  de  Mnntreuil,  Elton,  Nouvelle  Royale,  May  Duke, 
Mammoth,  Archduke,  Bigarreau  de  Schreken,  Emperor  Francis,  and 
several  others.  The  collection  of  Peas,  comprising  a  large  number  of 
varieties,  was  from  seeds  sown  on  April  the  10th.  Amongst  the  most 
noticeable  were  Peerless,  Gladiator,  Veitch’s  Main  Crop,  Exhibition 
Marrow,  Alderman,  Telephone,  Masterpiece,  Veitch’s  Perfection, 
Stratagem,  Chelsonian,  and  The  Daisy  (silver-gilt  Knightian  medal). 
Mr.  Empson,  gardener  to  Mrs.  Wingfield,  Ampthill,  Beds,  arranged 
a  good  collection  of  vegetables  and  fruits,  comprising  of  the  latter 
Grapes,  Strawberries  Waterloo,  Gooseberry  Golden  Drop,  Raspberry 
Superlative,  Cherries  Frogmore  Bigarreau,  and  Fig  Brown  Turkey.  Of 
vegetables  there  were  Potatoes,  Cabbages,  Lettuces,  Marrows,  Beans, 
Peas,  Carrots,  Tomatoes,  Cucumbers,  Cauliflowers,  Turnips,  Onions,  and 
others  (silver  Banksian  medal). 
Melons  and  Peaches  came  from  the  Swanley  College,  while  Tomato 
Temple  Favourite  came  from  Mr.  G.  Groves,  gardener  to  General  Owen 
Williams,  Great  Marlow.  Mr.  J.  Hudson,  gardener  to  Messrs,  de  Roth¬ 
schild,  sent  Bigarreau  Napoleon  and  Black  Tartarian  Cherries.  These 
fruits  were  gathered  from  very  old  trees  against  a  wall,  planted  about 
1830.  A  few  years  ago  the  trees  appeared  to  be  worn  out,  then 
Mr.  Hudson,  by  way  of  experiment,  laid  in  some  young  shoots,  the 
results  being  large,  handsome,  shapely  fruita  from  the  new  life  that  had 
been  imparted  to  the  trees. .  The  grower  is  to  be  congratulated  on  the 
success  of  his  experiment,  and  for  the  results  of  which  he  was  awarded 
a  silver  Banksian  medal. 
Mr.  G.  Wythes,  Syon  House,  sent  fruits  of  Melon  Champion.  Mr. 
B.  Ashton,  gardener  to  Lord  Howard,  Glossop  Hall,  staged  Melon  Baron 
Howard.  Mr.  David  Kemp,  gardener  to  Wilberforce  Bryant,  Esq..  Slough, 
sent  good  examples  of  Nectarines  Pineapple  and  Humboldt.  Mr.  G.  A. 
Farine  showed  fruit  of  black  Raspberry  Farine.  From  Mr.  H.  W.  Ward, 
gardener  to  the  Earl  of  Radnor,  Longford  Castle,  Salisbury,  came  Pea 
Longford  Queen.  Mr.  C.  Papworth,  gardener  to  J.  Lyon,  Esq.,  Cater- 
ham,  sent  fruiting  branches  of  seedling  Raspberry  Papworth  Prolific. 
Currants  in  excellent  condition  and  variety  were  staged  from  the  Royal 
Horticultural  Society’s  Gardens  at  Chiswick.  Most  of  the  leading  Red 
and  White  varieties  were  represented. 
Cauliflower  Burghley  Pet  was  staged  by  Mr.  R.  Gilbert,  gardener  to 
the  Marquis  of  Exeter,  Burghley.  Mr.  A.  Gray,  Hertingfordbury  Park, 
sent  haulm  and  pods  of  a  Pea  named  Parish  Councillor  that  had  been 
grown  in  fields. 
Floral  Committee.— Present :  W.  Marshall,  Esq.  (in  the  chair)  ; 
with  the  Rev.  G.  H.  Engleheart,  and  Messrs.  J.  Fraser,  H.  Herbst,  G. 
Stevens,  H.  B.  May,  J.  H.  Fitt,  J.  Jennings,  J.  W.  Barr,  E.  Beckett, 
C.  Blick,  J.  T.  Bennett  Poe,  C.  J.  Salter,  and  J.  Laing. 
Messrs.  R.  Wallace  &  Co.,  Colchester,  staged  an  effective  group  of 
hardy  flowers,  in  which  varieties  of  Calochortus  were  the  principal 
feature.  In  the  exhibit  were  fine  blooms  of  Hemerocallis  aurantiacus 
(silver  Flora  medal).  Miss  McRonald,  Northgate  Nursery,  Chichester, 
sent  excellent  blooms  of  yellow  Carnation  Mrs.  W.  Bright.  From 
Messrs.  Jas.  Veitch  &  Sons,  Chelsea,  came  excellent  spikes  of  Eremurus 
Bungei,  a  pan  of  the  beautiful  Begonia  carminata,  and  Streptocarpuses 
Gem  and  La  Reine.  Messrs.  Dobbie  &  Co.,  Rothesay,  sent  examples  of 
the  new  annual  Arnebia  cornuta.  An  interesting  little  group  of 
Begonias  came  from  Messrs.  John  Laing  &  Sons,  Forest  Hill,  which 
included  well  grown  examples  of  Distinction,  Lady  Renals,  Crown 
Princess  of  Roumania,  The  Honourable  Mrs.  Reid,  Mrs.  Laing,  and 
Mr.  F.  Bostock.  In  the  group  was  a  fine  plant  of  Streptocarpus 
Laing’s  Multiflora.  G.  A.  Farini,  Esq.,  Forest  Hill,  sent  a  plant  of 
Begonia  Farini’s  Striped.  Mr.  H.  Middlehurst,  Liverpool,  staged  blooms 
of  a  large  single  seedling  Chrysanthemum. 
Messrs.  Sutton  &  Sons,  Reading,  staged  a  collection  of  flowers  of 
Nemesia  strumosa  Suttoni.  From  Mr.  Anthony  Waterer,  Woking, 
came  flowers  of  Spiraeas  Anthony  Waterer  and  Margaritae.  Messrs. 
W.  L.  Lewis  &  Co.,  Southgate,  sent  a  plant  of  Pancratium  collinum. 
Several  new  and  other  plants  were  sent  by  Messrs.  F.  Sander  &  Co., 
St.  Albans,  including  examples  of  Dipladenias  and  Sonerilas.  The 
same  firm  also  sent  a  plant  of  perpetual  flowering  Carnation  Pink 
Beauty. 
A  large  and  diversified  collection  of  Sweet  Peas  were  staged  by  Mr. 
Henry  Eckford,  Wem,  Shropshire,  the  exhibit  including  many  charming 
varieties  (silver  Banksian  medal).  From  Messrs.  Barr  &  Son,  Covent 
Garden,  came  hardy  flowers,  large  and  varied  in  quantity,  and  of  good 
quality  (silver  Banksian  medal). 
Mr.  H.  Becker,  Jersey,  sent  flowers  of  border  Carnation  Jersey  Maid, 
and  from  Messr-s.  W.  Cutbush  «fe  Sons,  Highgate,  came  plants  of  tree 
Carnation  La  Villette.  Mr.  Charles  Turner,  Slough,  sent  superb 
examples  of  Carnation  blooms,  including  amongst  others  Lady  Nina 
Balfour,  Favourite,  Germania,  George  Cruikshank,  Tom  Sayers,  Mrs. 
Matthews,  Primrose  League,  Corunna,  and  Louis  Napoleon  (silver 
Banksian  medal).  Mr.  John  Forbes,  Hawick,  Scotland,  sent  fine  spikes 
of  Delphiniums  in  variety. 
From  Messrs.  E.  F.  Fairbairn  &  Sons,  Carlisle,  came  plants  of 
Godetia  E.  F.  Fairbairn.  Messrs.  Daniels  Bros.,  Norwich,  sent  blooms 
of  new  seedling  Ivy-leaf  Pelargonium,  Queen  of  Roses,  and  also  a  stand 
of  blooms  of  a  new  Godetia,  Marchioness  of  Salisbury.  Mr.  J.  Douglas, 
Bookham,  sent  flowers  of  Carnation  Miss  Audrey  Campbell,  Haye’s 
Scarlet,  Lady  Ridley,  Grace  Darling,  and  Madame  Lecarlier.  Messrs. 
Paul  &  Son,  Cheshunt,  sent  flowers  of  Rose  Bacchus  and  others,  and  a 
spike  of  Phlox  Miss  Pemberton. 
Orchid  Committee. — Present :  H.  J.  Veitch,  Esq.  (in  the  chair) ; 
and  Dr.  Masters,  with  Messrs.  J.  0.  Brien,  De  B.  Crawshay,  H.  J. 
Chapman,  C.  Pilcher,  E.  Hill,  W.  Cobb,  S.  Courtauld,  J.  Douglas,  T.  B. 
Haywood,  and  H.  Williams. 
Messrs.  W.  L.  Lewis  &  Co.,  Southgate,  arranged  a  small  group  of 
