164 
August  15,  1895. 
JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
With  French  varieties  the  Rev.  D.  J.  Pring  was  first  and  Mr.  Every 
second.  Other  successful  exhibitors  of  cut  flowers  in  various  other 
classes  were  Messrs.  \V.  Thomas,  W.  Fligg,  S.  Tottle,  W.  Smith, 
T.  Turner,  H.  Mockridge,  V.  Hickley,  and  Mrs.  Macalister.  The  last 
named  had  a  first  for  a  very  pretty  dinner-table  arrangement,  and  Mr. 
J.  Cuff,  Taunton,  was  most  successful  with  hand  bouquets  and  sprays. 
One  large  tent  was  wholly  devoted  to  fruit  and  vegetables  shown  by 
professional  gardeners,  and  although  there  was  a  slight  falling  oli  in  the 
number  of  entries,  the  reputation  for  general  excellence  was  well  main¬ 
tained.  Only  three  competed  with  a  collection  of  eight  varieties  of 
fruit,  and  the  Judges  were  not  long  in  deciding  that  Mr.  J.  Lloyd, 
gardener  to  Vincent  Stuckey,  Esq.,  Hill  House.  Langport,  should  have 
the  first  prize,  the  second  prize  going  to  Mr.  H.  W.  Ward,  gardener  to 
Earl  Radnor.  Longford  Castle,  Salisbury,  and  the  third  to  Mr.  Crossman, 
gardener  to  J.  Brutton,  E-q.,  Yeovil.  Mr.  Lloyd’s  collection  consisted 
of  Madresfield  Court  and  Muscat  of  Alexandria  Grapes,  the  former  a 
little  deficient  in  colour  and  the  latter  good  ;  a  good  seedling  Melon, 
and  excellent  dishes  of  Bellegarde  Peach,  Pine  Apple  Nectarine,  Moor¬ 
park  Apricot,  Jargonelle  Pear,  and  Bigarreau  Reverchon  Cherry.  Mr. 
Ward  also  showed  very  creditably,  his  best  dishes  being  Madresfield 
Court  Grape,  Hero  of  Lockinge  Melon,  and  Brunswick  Fig. 
With  four  dishes  there  were  six  competitors.  Mr.  Crossman  was  well 
first  with  good  Black  Hamburgh  Grapes,  a  very  fine  Windsor  Castle 
Melon,  Dymond  Peach,  and  Pineapple  Nectarine.  The  second  prize 
went  to  Mr.  Lloyd,  and  the  third  to  Mr.  Ward.  The  last-named  had  a 
first  for  Pine  Apples,  and  was  first  for  three  good  bunches  of  Muscat  of 
Alexandria  Grape,  the  second  prize  in  this  instance  going  to  Mr.  J.  Lloyd, 
and  the  third  to  Mr.  Crossm^n.  With  any  other  white  variety,  Mr.  J. 
Webber,  gardener  to  G.  F.  Luttrell,  Esq.,  was  first  with  well  grown 
Buckland  Sweetwater,  Mr.  Crossman  following  with  the  same  variety, 
the  third  prize  going  to  Mr.  J.  Attwell,  gardener  to  J.  B.  Blaiu,  Esq  , 
Clifton.  The  Black  Hamburgh  class  was  the  best  filled,  and  some  really 
good  exhibits  failed  to  take  a  place.  Mr.  Crossman  was  first  for  perfectly 
finished  clusters,  Mr.  J.  Attwell  taking  second  place,  and  Mr.  J.  Webber 
the  third.  In  the  any  other  black  class,  Mr.  Ward  led  with  large  well 
finished  bunches  of  Madresfield  Court,  followed  by  Mr.  W.  Eaves, 
gardener  to  E.  C.  Trevelyan,  Esq.,  and  Mr.  J.  Lloyd,  who  also  staged 
Madresfield  Court.  Melons  were  fine  in  appearance,  but  not  remarkably 
good  otherwise.  Mr.  Lloyd  was  first  with  a  seedling,  Mr.  Ward  second, 
and  Mr.  J.  Stuckey,  gardener  to  W.  R.  J.  Poole,  Esq.,  third. 
A  handsome  dish  of  Dymond  gained  Mr.  Crossman  a  first  prize  in 
the  class  for  one  dish  of  Peaches  ;  Mr.  A.  Kentish,  gardener  to  Major 
A.  Wise,  taking  the  second  prize.  Mr.  Crossman  was  again  first  in  the 
Nectarine  class,  showing  well  coloured  Pineapple  ;  Mr.  W.  H.  Bruford, 
gardener  to  the  Eight  Hon.  S.  Ponsonby  Fane,  following  with  pretty 
fruit  of  Lord  Napier.  The  Moorpark  Apricots,  which  gained  the  first 
prize  for  Mr.  J.  Griffin,  were  very  fine  ;  and  Mr.  R.  Huxtable  also  showed 
good  fruit  of  this  variety.  Plums  were  not  very  numerous.  Mi.  Besley 
had  a  first  with  well  ripened  Green  Gages,  and  Mr.  Crossman  for  perfect 
house-grown  fruit  of  Kirke’s.  Other  successful  exhibitors  of  hardy  fruit 
were  Messrs.  Ward,  W.  Eaves,  G.  Penny,  H.  B.  Carver,  Fewtrell  (gardener 
to  C.  C.  Tudway,  Esq.),  and  W.  E.  Cousins. 
Vegetables  were  very  fine,  these  giving  but  little  evidence  of  the 
drought  earlier  in  the  summer.  Mr.  T.  Wilkins,  gardener  to  Lady  Ivor 
Guest,  Blandford,  proved  invincible.  He  was  first  for  eight  varieties, 
the  second  prize  going  to  Mr.  T.  Harrison,  gardener  to  Major  Aldworth  ; 
and  the  third  to  Mr.  Webber  ;  several  other  good  collections  also  being 
shown.  Mr.  Wilkins  took  the  first  of  the  prizes  offered  by  Sutton  and 
Sons  for  a  collection  of  vegetables,  and  Mr.  T.  Harrison  the  second  ;  and 
the  first  named  also  succeeded  in  winning  the  first  of  the  prizes  offered 
respectively  by  Messrs.  Webb  &  Sons,  and  by  Jarman  &  Co.,  Chard,  for 
collections  of  vegetables.  Cottagers  made  a  grand  display  of  flowers, 
fruit,  and  vegetables. 
Fewer  non-competitive  exhibits  than  usual  were  on  view.  Messrs. 
R.  Veitch  &  Son,  Exeter,  arranged  a  group  of  fine-foliaged  plants, 
flowering  Cannas,  Liliums,  alpine  plants,  cut  flowering  shrubs.  Carna¬ 
tions,  Dahlias,  and  a  display  of  a  good  strain  of  Nemesia  strumosa. 
There  were  also  very  good  samples  of  Veitch’s  Climbing  Beans.  Messrs. 
Jarman  &;  Co.,  Chard,  occupied  one  end  of  a  tent  with  a  good  bank 
of  Palms,  stove  plants  in  variety,  Liliuma,  and  cut  flowers  in  great 
variety.  Mr.  W.  J.  Godfrey,  Exmouth,  staged  a  grand  collection  of 
cut  Carnations,  noteworthy  among  which  were  Miss  Mary  Godfrey,  a 
lovely  white  variety  ;  Reginald  Godfrey,  salmon-pink  ;  and  Duchess  of 
Fife.  He  also  had  a  fine  display  of  Sweet  Peas  in  bunches,  the  best  of 
which  were  Ovid,  Meteor,  Countess  of  Radnor,  and  Lord  Beaconsfield. 
TRADE  CATALOGUES  RECEIVED. 
F.  Cooper,  30,  Manners  Street,  Wellington. —  General  Catalogue. 
Dickson,  Brown  &  Tait,  Corporation  Street,  Manchester. — Flowering 
Bulhs. 
E.  P.  Dixon  k.  Sons,  Hull. — Choice  Bulh  List. 
W.  Frnraow  &  Sons,  Chiswick. — Brdb  Catalogue. 
E.  H.  Krelage  k  Son,  HaarRm,  Holland. — Bulh  List 
W.  Paul  k  Son,  Waltham  Cross. —  Catalogue  of  Bulhs  and  Winter 
Flowers. 
J.  R.  Pearson  k  Sons,  Chilwell,  Notts. — Buih  Catalogue. 
R.  Neal,  Trinity  Road,  Wandsworth  Common. — CaiJe  and  Butch 
Bulhs. 
Vilmorin,  Andrieux  k  Cie.,  4,  Q:ai  de  la  Megisserie,  Pari*. — Flower 
Roots. 
WOKK^foiithe  WEEK.,  fv 
HARDY  FRUIT  GARDEN. 
Summer  Prunlngr  and  Tdlnnlngr. — Pyramid,  bush,  cordon,  and 
espalier  trees  may  yet  be  summer  pruned  where  this  has  not  been 
carried  out  previously,  shortening  back  the  current  year’s  shoots  to  the 
fourth  leaf.  Weak,  crowded,  or  ill-placed  shoots  are  better  cut  out 
entirely,  because  if  only  shortened  they  may  further  choke  the  trees 
with  weakly  *pray,  which  never  become  fruitful.  The  removal  of  these 
acts  beneficially  in  admitting  light  to  the  remaining  shoots  and  spurs, 
strengtheninET  and  developing  fruit  buds. 
Branch  Thinning. — Fruitless  wall  trees  will  invariably  be  found  to 
have  the  branches  too  thickly  placed,  which  prevents  the  proper  matura¬ 
tion  of  the  growths,  consequently  in  time  destroying  the  balance  of 
power  between  root  and  branch.  This  is  followed  by  too  vigorous  wood 
production.  The  branches  need  more  room  when  the  spurs  are  also 
closely  placed  and  are  long,  because  if  so  the  latter  on  walls  shade  those 
below  them  to  an  undue  extent.  These,  however,  should  in  due  time  be 
regulated  and  shortened. also.  The  branches  of  espaliers  ought  always 
to  be  a  foot  apart,  a  similar  distance  being  afforded  the  branches  of 
pyramids  and  bushes.  Where  there  are  no  crops  hanging  on  the  trees 
this  is  a  good  season  to  remove  branches  that  can  be  dispensed  with,  and 
to  regulate  the  growth  in  fan-trained  trees,  so  as  to  fully  expose  all  the 
wood  retained. 
Attend  also  to  standard  trees,  regulating  the  branches  so  as  to 
prevent  the  trees  having  an  unshapely  crowded  appearance  if  possible. 
Those  crossing  one  another  and  growing  in  wrong  directions  might  be 
advantageously  cut  out,  dead  wood  also,  and  weakly  spray  being  cleanly 
removed.  Light  and  air  penetrating  the  interior  of  all  trees  better 
insures  the  ripening  of  the  wood,  thus  producing  fruitfulness,  rather 
than  rank  luxuriant  growth. 
Thinning  Gooseberry  Bushes. — Gooseberries,  as  a  rule,  make  abun¬ 
dance  of  new  wood  in  one  season,  and  where  the  branches  are  not 
managed  on  the  summer  pruning  or  pinching  principle,  but  allowed  a 
free  style  of  growth,  great  advantage  accrues  from  a  general  reduction 
of  wood  which  crowds  the  bushe*.  The  lower  parts  of  trees  must  be 
freely  thinned,  shoots  laying  on  or  descending  to  the  ground  obstructing 
circulation  of  air  and  light,  which  ripen  the  grovrlhs.  The  removal  of 
these  also  renders  it  easier  to  cultivate  and  clean  the  ground  immediately 
around  and  under  the  bushes. 
Blach  Currant  Pruning. — The  chief  pruning  of  these  may  be  carried 
out  in  the  summer,  as  the  thinning  out  of  old  bearing  wood  and  the 
disposal  of  new  growths  constitute  the  most  important  details  of 
management. 
Training  TToung-  Fruit  Trees  on  Walls. — Due  attention  ought 
to  be  given  to  laying  in  young  branches  at  the  proper  distances  apart, 
continuing  to  secure  them  in  the  desired  direction  as  they  advance. 
The  wood  soon  becomes  firm  at  this  season,  and  may  assume  undesirable 
curvature*  if  neglected,  making  it  difficult  to  train  in.  Avoid  disposing 
the  main  branches  thickly,  or  room  cannot  be  found  for  secondary 
growths  and  young  shoots.  The  strongest  shoots  are  best  laid  in  early, 
especially  if  they  have  any  inclination  to  be  too  vigorous,  while  weaker 
growths  may  be  allowed  more  freedom  during  the  period  of  active 
growth,  which  will  benefit  them.  Current  shoots  of  Morello  Cherries 
may  be  trained  a  few  inches  apart  over  the  available  space.  Plums  and 
Sweet  Cherries  should  have  main  stems  distributed  fan  shape  at  equal 
distances  on  both  sides  of  the  main  stem,  training-in  young  wood  between 
without  crowding,  shortening  foreright  shoots  and  others  for  which 
there  is  no  room  to  four  leaves.  The  open  central  part  easily  fills  up. 
Pears  and  Apples  on  walls  are  mostly  trained  horizontally,  but  they 
are  amenable  to  fan  training  on  high  walls.  Trees  in  both  foims  can  be 
procured,  the  management  after  planting  consisting  in  continuing  the 
shape.  Espaliers,  or  horizontally  trained  trees,  have  usually  two  pairs 
of  side  branches  and  a  leader.  At  the  winter  piuning  the  leader  must 
be  shortened  to  a  point  just  above  where  the  next  pair  of  branches 
should  originate.  In  foiming  a  young  tree  when  the  leader  grows 
strongly  in  summer  it  may  be  stopped,  and  another  pair  of  side  branches 
secured  as  well  as  a  fresh  leader,  but  the  stopping  must  be  done  at 
midsummer.  Summer  prune  the  side  shoots  as  in  oldt  r  trees,  but  the 
leaders  of  the  extending  branches  leave  unpruned  until  tpace  is  filled. 
Strawberry  Beds. — Where  it  is  not  necessary  to  retain  runners  for 
producing  young  stock  they  ought  to  be  cut  away  closely  to  the  old 
plants,  also  the  old  fruiting  stalks.  Old  exhausted  beds  may  be 
destrou  ed,  either  paring  off  the  plants  and  burning  them,  or  trenching 
in  the  whole  along  with  a  literal  quantity  of  manuie. 
Treatment  of  Rooting  Runners — Runner.s  rooting  between  the  rows 
and  intended  for  luiming  fresh  bi-rs  must  no-  be  crowded.  If  they 
establish  themselves  under  favourable  c  i  ditions  tley  rapidly  improve 
in  strength  and  size,  making  them,  if  lifted  carefully  with  good  balls  of 
soil,  ready  for  planting  in  their  permanent  quaitersatany  time.  Strong 
plants  thus  well  rooted  and  forming  bold  o owns,  even  if  planted  late, 
are  not  unlikely  to  give  good  crops  the  next  season,  especially  if  their 
removal  is  effected  without  the  plant*  feelin>;  the  disturbance. 
Continue  preparing  the  soil  lor  and  p'anting  i:ew  beds,  and  if  there 
