August  16,  1895. 
JOURNAL 'OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
167 
Peaches  Decaying:  G.  T.). — The  decay  ia  caused  by  a  fungus, 
Glasosporium  lasticolor.  It  is  by  no  means  rare,  but  is  rather  too 
common,  and  becomes  more  so  because  means  are  not  taken  to  prevent 
its  spread,  the  affected  fruits  being  left  about  and  thrown  anywhere  but 
into  the  only  safe  place — a  fire  that  will  consume  them  speedily.  The 
disease  affects  Apricots,  Peaches,  Nectarines,  Figs,  and  even  Grapes.  It 
usually  attacks  the  finest  fruits  in  consequence  of  their  cuticles  being 
extremely  thin  owing  to  their  distension  by  the  high  swelling.  The  only 
preventive  is  free  ventilation  in  all  the  stages  of  growth,  with  available 
mineral  elements  in  the  soil,  so  that  the  epidermal  tissues  will  be 
strengthened  and  hardened  and  made  fungus  proof,  along  with  a  free 
circulation  of  warm,  rather  dry  air  during  the  ripening  process.  The 
disease  is  most  prevalent  in  heavy  soils  and  damp  locations,  but  it  will 
prevail  anywhere  and  everywhere  where  the  conditions  favouring  its 
development  are  present  along  with  the  spores. 
Peacbes  IVllldewed  and  Apples  Cracked  (A.  — The  cause 
of  the  white  patch  on  the  Eoyal  George  Peaches  is  mildew  (Oi'dium 
leucoconium),  and  the  remedy  for  it  is  to  dust  the  trees  with  flowers  of 
sulphur,  and  rub  the  affected  parts  gently  with  the  finger  after  moisten¬ 
ing  it  and  dipping  it  in  a  saucer  containing  flowers  of  sulphur.  This  will 
destroy  the  fungus,  but  the  fruit  will  have  a  brown  mark  or  marks,  and  will 
probably  crack  when  ripening,  owing  to  the  destruction  of  the  epidermal 
cells,  and  that  part  not  swelling  equally  with  the  sound  portion  of  the 
fruit.  The  Apples  are  cracked  by  the  skin  having  been  destroyed,  and 
that  part  not  swelling  equally  with  the  rest  of  the  fruit.  The  cause  of 
the  skin  hardening  when  the  cracking  occurs  is  the  scab  fungus  (Fusi- 
cladium  dendriticum),  which  can  only  be  avoided  by  early  treatment, 
for  which  see  reply  to  “  E.  M.”  Cpage  142)  of  our  last  week’s  correspon¬ 
dents’  columns.  The  fruit  will  crack  even  worse  than  it  is  now  unless 
measures  are  taken  to  prevent  the  spread  of  the  fungus,  and  under  any 
circumstances  the  fruit  will  not  be  fit  for  table,  but  some  may  be  useful 
for  cooking  purposes. 
Cure  and  Preventive  for  Rust  In  IMCalmalson  Carnations 
{II.  C.'). — The  surest  cure  is  to  destroy  the  affected  plants,  and  the  best 
preventive  is  to  select  cuttings  or  take  layers  from  perfectly  clean  stock. 
Next  to  those  means  sponge  or  spray  the  affected  plants  carefully  with 
permanganate  of  potash,  diluted  with  an  equal  amount  of  clear  soft 
water,  wetting  every  part,  repeating  every  ten  days  ;  and  after  doing 
this  twice  spray  the  plants  at  fortnightly  or  three  weeks’  intervals  two 
or  three  times.  This  will  generally  clear  the  house  and  plants  of  the 
parasites  ;  and  as  a  preventive  measure  spray  at  intervals  of  a  month  or 
six  weeks.  There  is  yet  the  best  of  all  cultutal  precautions — (1) 
growing  the  plants  thinly,  and  nearly  touching  the  glass  ;  (2)  keeping 
the  plants  in  a  well-ventilated  atmosphere,  and  not  syringing  them  ; 
and  (3)  affording  a  gritty  and  firm  soil.  A  little  salt  occasionally  is  also 
a  valuable  precautionary  measure,  giving  each  plant  a  small  pinch — a 
quarter  to  half  a  small  teaspoonful  to  a  6-inch  pot,  sprinkling  on  the 
surface,  and  washing  in.  It  must  not  be  given  too  often,  nor  in  too 
large  an  amount.  About  once  in  six  weeks  during  growth  suffices,  and 
twice  or  treble  that  time  in  the  rest  or  dead  season. 
Vine  Zieaves  Blotched  and  Discoloured  {W.  H.  C.). — No.  1 
leaves  have  been,  and  possibly  are,  infested  with  the  Vine  mite  (Phy- 
toptus),  but  we  tailed  to  find  specimen.  The  only  precaution  we  have 
found  necessary  is  to  collect  the  leaves  as  they  become  mature  and  burn 
them,  dressing  the  Vines  with  a  10  per  cent,  solution  of  sulphate  of 
iron,  or  1  lb.  to  a  gallon  of  water,  when  they  are  at  rest,  using  a  brush. 
The  leaves  of  No.  2  are  scorched  a  little,  but  not  of  material  account,  and 
is  rather  common  to  Muscats.  No.  3  shows  slight  marks  of  red  spider 
infestion,  but  we  did  not  find  any.  The  leaf  of  Foster’s  Seedling  is 
large,  deep  green  in  colour,  and  of  firm,  thick,  leathery  texture.  The 
yellow  leaf  with  a  few  green  blotches  is  not  diseased,  but  maturing. 
Similar  remarks  apply  to  the  other  leaf,  which  is  assuming  the  purple 
tint  characteristic  of  ripening.  This  is  early,  but  it  depends  on  circum¬ 
stances,  the  Vines  appearing  to  not  have  much  water,  but  there  is  a 
great  lack  of  chlorophyll  in  Vine  leaves  this  year,  and  they  are  maturing 
the  foliage  earlier  than  usual.  We  cannot  state  whether  the  substances 
on  the  roots  are  malignant  or  otherwise  from  description,  but  there  is 
little  wrong  with  the  Vines  beyond  what  is  stated. 
Uames  of  Plants. —  We  only  undertake  to  name  species  of  plants, 
not  varieties  that  have  originated  from  seeds  and  termed  florists’  flowers. 
Flowering  specimens  are  necessary  of  flowering  plants,  and  Fern  fronds 
should  bear  spores.  Specimens  should  arrive  in  a  fresh  state  in  firm 
boxes.  Slightly  damp  moss,  soft  green  grass,  or  leaves  form  the  best 
packing,  dry  wool  the  worst.  Not  more  than  six  specimens  can  be  named 
at  once,  and  the  numbers  should  be  visible  without  untying  the  ligatures, 
it  being  often  difficult  to  separate  them  when  the  naper  is  damp. 
{R.  F.  S."). — 1,  Scabiosa  atropurpurea ;  2,  Veronica  spicata.  {S.  F). — 
1,  Adiantum  amabile ;  2,  Gymnogramma  chrysophylla  ;  3,  Pteris  umbrosa. 
{Sunheani). — Gypsophila  elegans.  {C.  G.'). — 1,  Masdevallia  Harryana  ; 
2,  Odontoglossum  cri-pum  ;  3,  Campanula  Trachelium.  (IF.  A.'). — 
1,  Euphorbia  helioscopia ;  2,  Lilium  lancifolium  rubrum  ;  3,  Spirsea 
callosa ;  4,  S.  Menziesi.  {H.  T.'), — 1,  Begonia  metallica  ;  2,  Fuchsia 
procumbens  ;  3,  Diplacus  glutinosus.  {R.  C.  C.).—!,  Crinum  amabile  ; 
2,  Kaulfussia  amelloides ;  3,  Clethra  alnifolia  ;  4,  Chrysanthemum 
segetum  ;  5,  Ophiopogon  variegatum.  {J.  T.  N.). — The  plant  is,  we 
believe,  an  Abutilon  ;  but  the  Abutilons  and  Sidas  often  are  very  much 
alike  and  botanically  synonymous.  The  orange  colour  suggests  its  being 
an  Abutilon.  There  is  A.  aurantiacum,  comes  from  Brazil,  and  A.  flori- 
bundum,  both  orange  coloured.  If  you  could  send  another  specimen 
we  could  ascertain  more  nearly.  We  should  also  like  to  know  whether 
you  have  really  succeeded  in  crossing  it  with  Sparmannia,  as  you  say 
you  have.  {J.  IF.  N.). — Calycanthus  occidentalis.  {Ross-sMre), — 1, 
Spiraea  bella  ;  2,  Sedum,  specimen  insufiScient ;  3,  Sedum  pulchellum  ; 
4,  Galeopsis  Tetrahit,  The  Pear  is  unripe,  and  cannot  therefore  be 
named.  Plums  can  only  be  named  with  the  addition  of  specimens  of 
the  young  growths. 
OOVENT  GARDEN  MARKET.— August  14th. 
Trade  very  quiet,  with  irregular  supplies,  owing  to  the  unsettled  weather. 
FEUIT. 
1.  d. 
s. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
Apples,  per  bushel  ..  .. 
2  0 
to  5 
0 
Filberts,  per  100  lbs . 
45 
0  to  0 
0 
„  JSova  Scotia,  per 
Grapes,  per  lb . 
0 
6 
1 
6 
barrel . 
0  0 
0 
0 
Lemons,  case  . 
10 
0 
15 
0 
„  Tasmaniau,  per 
Peaches,  per  dozen  . .  . . 
2 
0 
6 
0 
case . 
0  0 
0 
0 
Plums,  pet  hatf  sieve  .. 
1 
6 
3 
6 
Oobs,  per  lUO  lbs . 
0  0 
0 
0 
St.  Michael  Pines,  each  . . 
2 
U 
« 
0 
VEGETABLES. 
s.  d. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
Beans,  Kidney,  per  lb.  .. 
0  3 
to  0 
0 
Mustard  and  Cress,  punnet 
0 
2 
to  0 
0 
Beet,  Red,  dozen . 
1  0 
0 
0 
Onions,  bushel . 
3 
6 
4 
0 
Carrots,  bunch . 
0  3 
0 
4 
Parsley,  dozen  bunches  . . 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Cauliflowers,  dozen  . .  . . 
3  0 
6 
0 
Parsnips,  dozen . 
1 
0 
0 
« 
Celery,  bundle  . 
1  0 
1 
3 
Potatoes,  per  owt . 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Coleworts,  dozen  bunches 
2  0 
4 
0 
Salsafy,  bundle . 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Cucumbers, dozen  ..  .. 
0  9 
1 
6 
Seakale,  per  basket  ..  .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Endive,  dozen  . 
1  3 
1 
6 
Scorzonera,  bundle  .,  .. 
1 
0 
u 
Herbs,  bunch  . 
0  3 
0 
0 
Shallots,  per  lb.  ..  ..  .. 
0 
3 
0 
n 
Leeks,  bunch  . 
0  2 
0 
0 
Spinach,  bushel . 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Lettuce,  dozen . 
0  9 
1 
6 
Tomatoes. per  lb . 
u 
3 
0 
4 
Mushrooms,  punnet  . .  . , 
0  9 
1 
0 
Turnips,  bunch . 
0 
3 
U 
6 
AVERAGE  WHOLESALE 
PRICES.- 
OUT  FLOWERS. — Orchid  Blooms  in  variety. 
g  d 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
Arum  Lilies,  12  blooms  .. 
3  0  to  4 
0 
Orchids,  dozen  blooms  .. 
1 
6  to  12 
0 
Asparagus  Fern,  per  bunch 
2  0 
4 
0 
Pansies,  various,  dozen 
Asters  (English)  doz.  bchs. 
3  0 
6 
0 
bunches . 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Asters  (French),  dozen 
Peas,  Sweet,  doz.  bunches . . 
2 
0 
4 
U 
bunches . 
8  0 
12 
0 
Pelargoniums,  12  bunches 
4 
0 
9 
0 
Bouvardias,  bunch  ..  .. 
0  6 
1 
0 
Primula(double ),  doz.  spys. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Carnations,  12  blooms  . . 
1  0 
3 
0 
Roses  (indoor),  dozen  . . 
1 
0 
2 
0 
„  dozen  bunches.. 
4  0 
8 
0 
„  Tea,  white,  dozen 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Cornflower  „  „ 
1  0 
2 
0 
„  Yellow,  dozen  (Niels) 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Eucharis,  dozen . 
1  6 
2 
6 
„  Safrano  (English), 
Gaillardias  doz.  bunches. . 
2  0 
3 
0 
dozen . 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Gardenias,  dozen 
3  0 
4 
0 
„  Yellow,  dozen  blooms 
0 
6 
0 
9 
Geranium,  scarlet,  doz. 
„  Red,  dozen  blooms  . . 
1 
0 
1 
6 
bunches . 
4  0 
6 
0 
,,  various,  doz.  bunches 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Lilium  lancifolium,  twelve 
Smilax,  per  bunch  ..  .. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
blooms . 
1  0 
2 
6 
Stephanotis,  dozen  sprays 
1 
6 
2 
0 
„  longiflorum,  12  blooms 
2  U 
3 
0 
Sunflowers  (small)  dozen 
Marguerites,  12  bunches  . . 
1  C 
3 
0 
bunches . 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Maidenhair  Fern,  dozen 
Sweet  Sultan,  doz.  bchs. 
2 
0 
3 
0 
bnuchea . 
4  0 
6 
0 
Tuberoses,  12  blooms..  .. 
U 
4 
0 
6 
PLANTS 
IN  POTS. 
s.  d. 
8. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
Arbor  Vitae  (golden)  dozen 
6  0tol2 
0 
Geraniums,  Ivy,  per  dozen 
3 
0 
to  6 
0 
Aspidistra,  dozen  . .  . . 
18  0 
36 
0 
Heliotrope,  per  dozen  .. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Aspidistra,  specimen  plant 
5  0 
10 
6 
Hydrangeas,  per  dozen  .. 
12 
0 
42 
0 
Calceolaria,  per  doz . 
3  0 
4 
0 
Lilium  lancifolium,  12  pots  12 
0 
18 
0 
Coleus,  per  doz . 
2  6 
4 
0 
Lobelia,  per  dozen  ..  .. 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Dracaena,  various,  dozen  .. 
12  0 
30 
0 
Lycopodiums,  dozen  . .  . . 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Drac®na  viridis,  dozen  . . 
9  0 
18 
0 
Marguerite  Daisy,  dozen  .. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Euonymus,var.,  dozen  .. 
6  0 
18 
0 
„  Yellow  „  .. 
9 
0 
18 
0 
Evergreens,  in  var.,  dozen 
6  0 
24 
0 
Myrtles,  dozen . 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Ferns,  in  variety,  dozen  .. 
4  0 
18 
0 
Palms,  in  var.,  each  ..  .. 
1 
0 
li> 
0 
Ferns  (small'i  per  hundred 
4  0 
6 
0 
„  (specimens.'  ..  .. 
21 
0 
63 
0 
Ficus  elastica,  each  .. 
1  0 
7 
0 
Pelargoniums,  per  dozen  . . 
8 
0 
12 
0 
Foliage  plants,  var.  each 
2  0 
10 
0 
„  scarlets,  doz. 
3 
0 
ti 
0 
Fuchsias,  per  dozen  . ,  . . 
4  0 
6 
0 
Rhodanthe,  per  dozen 
4 
0 
6 
0 
AUTUMN  WORK. 
The  flight  of  time,  always  difficult  to  realise,  is  never  more 
so  than  in  the  halmy  days  of  autumn— those  perfect  days 
which  we  so  often  enjoy  in  our  temperate  climate,  “  when  winds 
blow  soft  and  fair,”  and  life  in  the  open  air  is  more  enjoyable 
than  at  any  other  period  of  the  year.  But  instead  of  bringing 
ease  and  sweet  contentment  to  farmers  such  fine  weather  acts 
as  an  incentive  to  exertion — every  day,  every  hour  of  it,  being 
regarded  as  a  golden  opportunity,  a  boon  most  precious  to  he 
turned  to  full  account  for  autumn  tillage,  the  sowing  of  the 
later  autumn  forage  crops,  and  of  winter  corn. 
Often  have  we  thought  the  term  of  winter  corn  misleading. 
Why  not  term  it  autumn  corn,  and  resolve  to  get  in  the  seed 
before  winter  is  on  us?  Well  do  we  know  by  dearly  bought 
