Septeml  #r  5, 1895. 
JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
239 
unstained).  The  former  contained  the  plasma  of  the  fungus  between 
the  outer  and  inner  integuments,  where  it  lies  dormant  indefinitely,  and 
appears  to  be  influenced  by  nothing,  under  ordinary  conditions,  but  the 
development  of  the  plant.  The  other  fruits  were  infested  at  the  eye 
with  the  usual  black  or  discoloured  blotch,  and  beneath  the  skin  in  the 
cellulose  was  the  mycelium  of  the  fungus  (Peronospora  lycopersici), 
which  as  a  rule  infests  about  one-third  of  the  seeds  in  the  manner  before 
described.  Our  observations  lead  conclusively  to  the  fact  that  disease  is 
carried  over  by  the  seed,  or,  in  the  case  of  Potatoes,  by  the  “  set.”  In 
the  same  fruit  we  found  both  diseased  and  clean  sound  seeds.  They  are 
mixed  indiscriminately,  and  they  give  rise  to  clean  and  healthy  plants 
or  otherwise.  The  diseased  seeds  germinate,  the  fungus  develops,  and 
the  plants  collapse  when  about  2  feet  in  height.  We  know  of  no  pre¬ 
ventive  but  clean  sound  seed  and  dusting  the  plants  when  they  are  a 
foot  high  and  onwards,  so  as  to  keep  the  foliage  as  made  coated  with 
Fostite  or  some  other  advertised  fungicide.  All  diseased  plants  and  fruits 
should  be  burned.  The  lime  and  charcoal  you  suggest  will  be  useful 
mixed  with  the  soil,  though  they  will  not  affect  this  particular  fungus. 
Lime  is  good  for  preventing  the  drooping  disease  as  caused  by  either 
slime  fungus,  PJasmadiophora  tomati,  or  the  sleepy  fungus  called 
Fusarium  solani  or  lycopersici,  while  the  charcoal  tends  to  keep  the  soil 
sweet.  The  resting  spores  of  the  Peronospora  lycopersici  are  not  affected 
by  any  dressing  short  of  sterilising  the  soil,  for  they  are  frost-proof, 
waterproof,  and  drought-proof,  and  until  they  burst  of  their  own  accord 
and  liberate  the  contained  spores, |are  practically  unassailable,  but  rise  in 
the  air,  and  in  contact  with  its  warmth  and  moisture  acquire  such 
gravity  as  to  cause  their  descent,  and  when,  alighting  on  a  Tomato 
plant,  they  set  up  ”  black  stripe  ”  through  the  eye  of  the  embryonic  fruit. 
frames  of  Fruits. — Notice. — We  have  pleasure  in  naming  good 
typical  fruits  (when  the  names  are  discoverable)  for  the  convenience  of 
regular  subscribers,  who  are  the  growers  of  such  fruit,  and  not  col¬ 
lectors  of  specimens  from  non-subscribers.  This  latter  procedure  is 
wholly  irregular,  and  we  trust  that  none  of  our  readers  will  allow 
themselves  to  be  made  the  mediums  in  infringing  our  rules.  Special 
attention  is  directed  to  the  following  decision,  the  object  of  which  is 
to  discourage  the  growth  of  inferior  and  promote  the  culture  of  superior 
varieties.  In  consequence  of  the  large  nwnlher  of  worthless  Aj>ples  and 
Pears  sent  to  this  office  to  he  named,  it  has  been  decided  to  name  only 
specimens  and  varieties  of  approved  merit,  and  to  reject  the  inferior, 
which  are  not  worth  sending  or  growing.  The  names  and  addresses  of 
senders  of  fruit  to  be  named  must  in  ail  cases  be  enclosed  with  the 
specimens,  whether  letters  referring  to  the  fruit  are  sent  by  post  or 
not.  The  names  are  not  necessarily  required  for  publication,  initials 
sufficing  for  that.  Only  six  specimens  can  be  named  at  once,  and  any 
beyond  that  number  cannot  be  preserved.  They  should  he  sent  on  the 
first  indication  of  change  towards  ripening .  Dessert  Pears  cannot  be 
named  in  a  hard  green  state.  QC.  Roscoe) — 1,  Irish  Peach;  2,  un¬ 
known,  probably  a  local  variety  ;  3,  probably  a  malformed  specimen  of 
Lord  Grosvenor ;  4,  specimen  too  green,  possibly  Small’s  Admirable  ; 
5,  uncertain,  possibly  Mauks  Codlin,  {J.  B.). — Tower  of  Glammis. 
(<7.  F.  H.'). — You  have  overlooked  what  has  been  many  times  stated, 
that  young  shoots,  for  showing  whether  they  are  smooth  or  downy,  are 
necessary,  as  well  as  not  overripe  fruit,  for  determining  the  names  of 
Plums  ;  also,  as  has  been  repeatedly  stated,  leaf-bearing  shoots,  for 
showing  the  glands,  are  essential  with  ripe  Peaches  for  naming,  also 
information  as  to  whether  the  flowers  are  large  or  small.  No  parson  in 
the  world  could  name  correctly  the  hard  fruits  you  have  sent.  (J.  L.  Sf. 
— 1,  Gloria  Mundi  ;  2,  Kesembles  the  Early  White  Transparent,  figured 
on  page  173  ;  3,  Williams’  Bon  ChiStien.  Plums. — 1,  White  Magnum 
Bonum  ;  2,  Pond’s  Seedling.  (IF.  R.'). — We  do  not  know  the  name  of 
the  Apple,  and  scarcely  think  it  worthy  of  a  name.  (^H.  TF.). — One  of 
the  many  coloured  Crabs,  originates  from  seeds,  and  which  have  no 
recognised  names.  (N.  Brichnel). — For  the  purpose  of  naming  Peaches 
it  is  necessary  to  state  whether  the  flowers  are  large  or  small.  In  the 
absence  of  this  information  we  regret  that  we  are  unable  to  name  your 
fruit.  (TF.  B.  H.'). — Comte  de  Lamy,  one  of  the  most  prolific  and 
delicious  of  our  small  Pears. 
Names  of  Plants. — We  only  undertake  to  name  species  of  plants, 
not  varieties  that  have  originated  from  seeds  and  termed  florists’  flowers. 
Flowering  specimens  are  necessary  of  flowering  plants,  and  Fern  fronds 
should  bear  spores.  Specimens  should  arrive  in  a  fresh  state  in  firm 
boxes.  Slightly  damp  moss,  soft  green  grass,  or  leaves  form  the  best 
packing,  dry  wool  the  worst.  Not  more  than  six  specimens  can  be  named 
at  once,  and  the  numbers  should  be  visible  without  untying  the  ligatures, 
it  being  often  difficult  to  separate  them  when  the  paper  is  damp. 
(fRoss-shire'). — 3,  Erica  codonodes  ;  4,  Aster  pulchellus  ;  5,  Serratula 
tinctoria  ;  6,  Lychnis  vimaria.  The  Plum  is  Denniston’s  Superb. 
(J.  F.  R  f — 1,  Hypericum  calycinum  ;  2,  Stachys  lanata ;  3,  Saxifraga 
ceratophylla ;  4,  Hippeastrum  reticulatum  ;  5,  Acalypha  musaica, 
(N.  II.,  Cheshirej. — 1,  Hibiscus  syriacus  ;  2,  Kudbeckia  triloba  ;  3, 
Eupatorium  ageratoides  ;  4,  Ketinospora  ericoides. 
GARDENERS’  CHARITABLE  AND  PROVIDENT 
INSTITUTIONS. 
Thk  Gardeners’  Loyal  Benevolent  Institution. — Secretary, 
Mr.  G.  J.  Ingram,  50,  Parliament  Street,  London,  W.C. 
United  Horticultural  Benefit  and  Provident  Society. — 
Secretary,  Mr.  W.  Collins,  9,  Martindale  Road,  Balham,  London,  S.  W. 
Royal  Gardeners’  Orphan  'P-usvi .—Secretary ,  Mr.  A.  F.  Barron, 
Royal  Horticultural  Society’s  Gardens,  Chiswick,  London,  W. 
TRADE  CATALOGUES  RECEIVED. 
Barr  &  Son,  King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London. — Bulbs. 
William  Bull,  Chelsea. — Bulb  Catalogue. 
George  Bunyard  &  Co.,  Maidstone. — Fruit  Trees. 
Dobbie  &  Dicks,  Manchester. — Bulb  Catalogue. 
Dobbie  «k  Mason,  Manchester. — Bulbs. 
Fotheringay  &  King,  Dumfries. — Bulbs. 
Kent  &  Brydon,  Darlington. — Bulb  Catalogue. 
W.  Lovel  &  Sons,  Driffield. — Strawberry  List. 
Amos  Perry,  Winchmore  Hill,  London. — Bulbs. 
Anthony  Roozen,  Overveen,  Holland. — Bulb  Catalogue.  < 
Robert  Veitch  &  Son,  Exeter. — Bulbs. 
James  Yates,  Underbank,  Stockport. — Catalogue  of  Bulbs,  S;c. 
OOVENT  GARDEN  MARKET. — September  4th. 
Supplies  heavier  with  prices  falling  all  round. 
FRUIT. 
1. 
d. 
s.  d. 
8. 
d. 
a. 
d 
Apples,  per  bushel  ..  .. 
1 
3 
to  3  0 
Filberts,  per  100  lbs . 
35 
0  to  0 
0 
„  Nova  Scotia,  per 
Grapes,  per  lb . 
0 
6 
1 
6 
barrel . 
0 
0 
0  0 
Lemons,  case  . . 
10 
0 
15 
0 
„  Tasmanian,  per 
Peaches,  per  dozen  . .  . . 
1 
0 
6 
0 
case . 
0 
0 
0  0 
Plums,  per  half  sieve 
1 
6 
2 
6 
Oobs,  per  100  lbs . 
10 
0 
0  0 
St.  Michael  Pines,  each  . . 
2 
U 
b 
0 
vegetables. 
a. 
d. 
s.  d. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
Beans,  Kidney,  per  lb.  .. 
0 
3 
to  0  0 
Mustard  and  Cress,  punnet 
0 
2 
to  0 
0 
Beet,  Red,  dozen . 
1 
0 
0  0 
Onions,  bushel . 
3 
6 
4 
0 
Carrots,  bunch . 
0 
3 
0  4 
Parsley,  dozen  bunches  . . 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Cauliflowers,  dozen  . .  .  • 
3 
0 
6  0 
Parsnips,  dozen . 
1 
0 
0 
8 
Celery,  bundle  . . 
1 
u 
1  3 
Potatoes,  per  cwt . 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Coleworts,  dozen  bunches 
2 
0 
4  0 
Salsafy,  bundle . 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Cucumbers,  dozen  ..  .. 
0 
9 
1  6 
Seakaie,  per  basket  • .  . . 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Endive,  dozen  . 
1 
3 
1  6 
Scorzonera,  bundle  ..  .. 
1 
0 
L 
Herbs,  bunch  . 
0 
3 
0  0 
Shallots,  per  ib . 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Leeks,  bunch  . 
0 
2 
0  0 
Spinach,  bushel . 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Lettuce,  dozen . 
0 
9 
1  6 
Tomatoes. per  lb . 
0 
3 
0 
4 
Mushrooms,  punnet  ..  .. 
0 
9 
1  U 
Turnips,  bunch . 
0 
3 
u 
6 
AVERAGE  WHOLESALE 
PRICES.— OUT  FLOWERS. — Orchid  Blooms  in  vaiiety. 
8 
d 
8.  d. 
8. 
d. 
f. 
d. 
Arum  Lilies,  12  blooms  ., 
3 
0 
to  4  0 
Maidenhair  Fern,  dozen 
Asparagus  Fern,  per  bunch 
2 
0 
4  0 
bnnehea . 
4 
0  to  6 
0 
Asters  (Euglish)  doz.  bchs. 
2 
0 
4  0 
Orchids,  various,  dozen 
Asters  (French),  dozen 
blooms  . 
1 
6 
18 
0 
bunches . 
8 
0 
12  0 
Pansies,  various,  dozen 
Bouvardias,  bunch  , .  . . 
0 
6 
1  0 
bunches . 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Carnations,  12  blooms 
1 
0 
3  0 
Peas,  Sweet,  doz.  bunches . . 
1 
6 
3 
0 
„  dozen  bunches.. 
1 
0 
8  0 
Pelargoniums,  12  bunches 
4 
U 
9 
0 
Chrysanthemum,  dozen 
Primula(double ),  doz.  spy?. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
blooms. . 
1 
0 
2  0 
Rosea  (indoor),  dozen  .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
„  doz.  Duuches 
3 
0 
6  0 
„  Tea,  white,  dozeu 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Cornflower  „  „ 
1 
0 
2  0 
„  Yellow,  dozen  (Niels) 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Dahlias,  dozen  bunches  . . 
2 
0 
4  0 
„  Safrano  (Euglish), 
Eucharis,  dozen . 
1 
6 
2  6 
dozen . 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Gaillardias  doz.  bunches.. 
1 
0 
2  0 
„  Yellow,  dozen  blooms 
0 
6 
0 
9 
Gardenias,  dozen  .. 
2 
0 
3  0 
„  Red,  dozen  blooms  , . 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Geranium,  scarlet,  doz. 
,,  various,  doz.  bunches 
3 
0 
6 
0 
bunches . 
4 
0 
6  0 
Smilax,  per  bunch  ..  .. 
2 
6 
4 
0 
LiUum  lancifolium,  twelve 
Stephanotis,  dozen  sprays 
2 
0 
3 
0 
blooms . 
1 
6 
2  6 
Sunflowers  (small)  dozen 
„  longiflorum,  12  blooms 
3 
6 
4  0 
bunches . 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Marguerites,  12  bunches  . . 
1 
C 
3  0 
Tuberoses,  12  blcoms, .  . . 
0 
2 
0 
4 
PLANTS 
IN  POTS. 
s. 
d. 
8.  d. 
0. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
Arbor  Vitae  (golden)  dozen 
6 
0  to  12  0 
Foliage  plants,  var.  each 
2 
0  to  10 
0 
Aspidistra,  dozen 
18 
0 
38  0 
Heliotrope,  per  dozen  ., 
4 
0 
b 
0 
Aspidistra,  specimen  plant 
5 
0 
10  6 
Lilium  lancifolium,  12  pots  12 
0 
18 
0 
Campanula,  per  doz . 
5 
0 
9  0 
Lobelia,  per  dozen  •.  .. 
6 
0 
4 
0 
Chrysanthemums,  per  doz. 
6 
0 
18  0 
Lycopodiums,  dozen  . .  . . 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Coleus,  per  doz . 
2 
6 
4  0 
Marguerite  Daisy,  dozen  . . 
6 
u 
9 
0 
Dracmna,  various,  dozen  .. 
12 
U 
30  0 
„  Yellow  „  .. 
9 
0 
18 
0 
Dracaena  viridis,  dozen  . . 
9 
0 
18  0 
Myrtles,  dozen . 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Euonymus,  var.,  dozen  . . 
6 
0 
18  0 
Palms,  in  var.,  each  . .  . . 
I 
0 
15 
0 
Evergreens,  in  var.,  dozen 
6 
0 
24  0 
„  (specimens)  ..  ,, 
21 
0 
63 
0 
Ferns  in  variety,  dozen  .. 
4 
0 
18  0 
Pelargoniums,  per  dozen  .  • 
8 
0 
12 
0 
Perns  (small)  per  hundred 
4 
0 
6  0 
„  scarlets,  doz. 
3 
0 
b 
0 
Ficus  elastica,  each  ..  ,. 
1 
0 
7  0 
MILK. 
As  we  sit  down  to  write  tbis  article  in  a  London  suburb  tbe 
cry  of  tbe  sellers — tbe  retailers  of  milk — rings  in  our  ears,  for 
it  is  tbe  time  of  tbe  second  or  pudding  round,”  when  milk  is 
purchased  for  culinary  purposes,  and  when  street  sellers  bave 
often  been  found  to  add  water  to  tbe  milk  with  a  fi’ee  band, 
presumably  because  it  is  not  examined  so  critically  as  when 
placed  on  tbe  breakfast  table.  Producer  and  consumer  are  both 
victimised  by  tbe  middleman  and  bis  satellites — tbe  keen 
