376 
JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  .COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
October  17,  1895, 
medal).  Mr.  Salter,  gardener  to  T.  B.  Haywood,  Esq.,  showed  flowers 
of  seedling  Chrysanthemums  T.  B.  Haywood  and  Mrs.  H.  B.  Higgins. 
Mr.  E.  Mawley,  BerkhamatediSent  flowers  of  single  Dahlia  Beauty’s  Bye. 
Orchid  Committee. — H.  J.  Veitch,  Esq.  (in  the  chair)  ;  with 
Messrs.  J.  O’Brien,  De  B.  Crawshav,  H.  M.  Pollett,  Chas.  Pilcher,  J,  T. 
Gabriel,  F.  Hardy,  E.  Ashworth,  W.  Thompson,  H.  J.  Chapman,  B.  Hill, 
W.  Cobb,  J.  Douglas,  S.  Courtauld,  Thos.  Statter,  H.  Ballantine.  T.  B. 
Heywood,  and  H.  Williams. 
Messrs.  Charlesworth  &  Co.,  Heaton,  Bradford,  staged  a  very  bright 
collection  of  Orchids,  comprising  Cattleya  labiata,  Vanda  coerulea, 
Catasetum  Bungerothi,  Cypripedium  Charlesworthi,  Vanda  Kimballiana, 
and  others.  All  the  plants  were  well  grown  and  flowered  (silver 
Banksian  medal).  Mr.  W.  Stevens,  gardener  to  W.  Thompson,  Esq., 
Walton  Grange,  Stone,  Staii.s,  exhibited  a  small  but  choice  collection  of 
Orchids.  Among  these  were  Vanda  Kimballiana,  Cattleya  labiata 
ccerulea,  C,  1.  Thompson’s  variety,  Cypripedium  Charlesworthi  mar- 
ginata,  and  spikes  of  Odontoglossums  and  Oncidiums. 
Orchids  interspersed  with  foliage  plants  came  from  Messrs.  B.  S, 
Williams  &  Son,  Upper  Holloway,  the  effect  of  which  was  very  pleasing. 
A  splendid  piece  ot  Oncidium  incurvum  occupied  the  centre,  Cattleya 
labiata,  Pleiones,  Pescatorei  Lehmanni,  P.  klabochotum  superbum,  and 
Cypripediums  in  variety  being  arranged  on  each  side.  Two  plants  only 
of  Orchids  were  sent  by  Mons.  A.  A.  Peeters,  62,  Chaus^e  de  Forest, 
Brussels,  one  a  handsome  variety  of  Cattleya  labiata  named  Peetersi,  and 
the  other  a  Cypripedium  called  Francois  Peeters, of  which  the  parentage 
was  not  recorded.  W.  Cobb,  Esq.,  Tunbridge  Wells,  showed  Miltonia 
Cobbiana ;  De  Barri  Crawsbay,  Esq.,  Sevenoaks,  a  plant  of  Vanda 
Kimballiana,  Mrs.  Studd’s  var.  ;  Mr.  Duncan,  gardener  to  C.  J.  Lucas, 
Esq.,  Horsham,  Sobralia  Liudeni  ;  Mr.  W.  H.  Young,  gardener  to  Sir 
F.  Wigan,  East  Sheen,  Coelogyne  pandurata  ;  Mr.  Davis,  gardener  to 
J.  G.  Fowler,  Esq.,  South  Woodford,  Vanda  Sanderiana,  Fowler’s  variety, 
that  was  very  handsome  ;  and  Mr.  Johnston,  gardener  to  T.  Statter, 
Esq.,  Stand  Hall,  Manchester,  Pescatorea  Pvoezli  album,  Oncidium 
tigrinum,  a  seedling  Cypripedium,  and  a  hybrid  Miltonia  were  staged 
by  Mr.  Paterson,  gardener  to  S.  G.  Lutwyche,  Esq..  Eden  Park,  Becken¬ 
ham  ;  and  Cirrhopetalum  Eothscbildianum  by  Mr,  Hill,  gardener  to 
Lord  Rothschild,  Tring. 
A  first-class  certificate  was  awarded  to  Mr.  W.  Murray,  gardener  to 
Norman  Cookson,  Esq.,  Wylam-on-Tyne,  for  Cattleya  labiata  Cooksoni, 
which  is  described  below.  The  Orchids  exhibited  by  Messrs.  F,  Sander 
and  Co.,  St.  Albans,  were  very  beautiful,  and  by  their  quality  attracted 
a  large  share  of  attention,  Cypripediums  oenanthum  superbum,  Niobe, 
Tityus,  and  Albert  Truffaut ;  Laelia  Perrini  nivea,  Lselia  marginata  ; 
Cattleya  labiata  lilacina  ;  Mormodes  species,  and  Buccinator  ;  Catasetum 
species,  and  Dendrobium  Phalsenopsis  Schroederianum  (silver  Banksian 
medal). 
Messrs,  J.  Veitch  &  Sons,  Chelsea,  as  is  customary,  staged  Orchids 
more  conspicuous  for  their  quality  than  for  their  numbers.  Noticeable 
were  Lselio-Cattleya  Fortuna,  L.-C.  Parysatis,  L.-C.  eunomia  superba, 
L.-C.  Isis,  and  Cattleya  Mantini.  Mr.  Davis,  gardener  to  J.  Gurney 
Fowler,  Esq.,  South  Woodford,  arranged  a  collection  of  Orchids  in  which 
Cattleyas  largely  preponderated,  though  a  piece  of  Oncidium  Godseffianum 
was  very  prominent  (silver  Banksian  medal).  Cattleyas  and  Cypri¬ 
pediums  composed  the  major  portion  of  the  exhibit  from  Messrs.  Hugh 
Low  &  Co.,  Upper  Clapton.  The  same  firm  also  showed  Cattleya 
labiata  Lowi,  receiving  for  it  an  award  of  merit.  A  graceful  exhibit  of 
Orchids  with  Ferns  was  staged  by  Mr.  P.  McArthur,  Maida  Vale,  W. ; 
Oncidiums,  Cypripediums,  Dendrobiums,  and  others  were  included  in 
the  arrangement. 
Certificates  and  Awards  of  Merit. 
Abies  Douglassi  glauca  fend^ila  (Paul  &  Son). — A  fine  ornamental 
Abies  with  a  graceful  weeping  habit,  the  branches  drooping  to  the  base 
of  the  plant  (first-class  certificate). 
Begonia  Mrs.  Heal  (J.  Veitch  &  Sons). — The  result  of  a  cross  between 
a  variety  of  B.  tuberosus  and  B.  Socotrana.  This  is  very  handsome. 
The  flowers,  bright  crimson  in  colour,  are  of  good  size  and  splendid 
substance  (award  of  merit). 
Carnation  J.  Gardiner  3Iuir  (J.  Veitch  &  Sons). — Dwarf  in  habit, 
sweetly  scented,  free  iu  flowering,  this  is  a  Carnation  likely  to  attain  to 
a  high  position.  The  colour  is  white  flushed  rose,  all  the  petals  being 
deeply  serrated  (award  of  merit). 
Cattleya  labiata  Coohsonee  (W,  Murray), — One  of  the  finest  Orchids 
staged  at  this  show.  The  broad  petals  and  the  narrower  sepals  are  pure 
white  in  colour,  the  lip  being  purplish  crimson  edged  with  white 
(award  of  meiit). 
Cattleyalabiata  caruleaCN .  Stevens). — The  sepals  and  petals  of  this 
Cattleya  are  very  pale  lavender,  deep  mauve  being  the  colour  of  the  lip 
(award  of  meritj. 
Cattleya  labiata  Loxoice  (H.  Low  &  Co.).— This  is  an  extremely 
handsome  variety  of  the  type.  The  sepals  are  creamy  white,  and  the 
petals  pure  white.  The  outer  portion  of  the  lip  is  white  with  a  large 
purple  blotch,  the  throat  being  veined  with  yellow,  of  which  colour 
there  is  a  patch  on  each  side  lobe  (award  of  merit), 
Cattleya  Mantini  (J.  Veitch  &  Sons). — Numerous  as  have  been  the 
new  Cattleyas  that  have  emanated  from  this  firm,  still  another  was 
exhibited  at  this  taeating.  It  was  a  hybrid  between  C.  Dowiana  and 
C.  Bowringiana,  of  which  the  former  was  the  pollen  parent.  The 
prevailing  colour  is  intense  rosy  purple,  there  being  on  the  lip  a  blotch 
of  velvety  crimson  (award  of  merit). 
Cattleya  labiata,  Thovipson's  var.  (W.  Stevens). — Very  large  are  the 
bright  rose-coloured  sepals  and  petals  of  this  variety.  There  is  a  large 
blotch  of  velvety  crimson  on  the  lip,  which  is  margined  with  rose,  and 
has  yellow  side  lobes  (award  of  merit). 
Chrysanthemuxn  Horde  d'Or,  Calxat's  variety  (W.  Wells).  —  An 
incurved  Japanese  of  good  size.  The  florets  are  broad,  and  nankeen 
yellow  in  colour  (award  of  merit). 
Chrysanthemum  Lago  Maggiore  (H.  Briscoe  Ironside). — Brilliant 
yellow  in  colour,  with  long  retiexed  florets.  This  variety  is  sure  to  find 
jfavour  (award  of  merit). 
Chrysanthemum  Lady  Esther  Smith  (R.  Owen). — A  creamy  white 
incurved  Japanese  of  chaste  appearance  (award  of  merit). 
Chrysanthemum  Phoebus  (H.  Shoesmith). — A  yellow  Japanese  of 
great  substance.  The  florets  are  broad  and  stout  (award  of  merit). 
Chrysanthemum  Pride  of  Madford  (H.  Cannell  &  Sons). — An  intense 
crimson  Japanese  from  Australia.  The  reverse  is  silvery.  The  flower  is 
somewhat  flat  (award  of  merit). 
Chrysanthemum  T.  B.  Haywood  (C.  J.  Salter). — This  is  a  fine 
white  Japanese  seedling,  raised  in  Australia,  of  good  substance,  with 
large  florets  slightly  curled  at  the  tips  (award  of  merit). 
Chrysanthemum  Yellow  Gem  (R.  Owen). — A  yellow  fimbriated 
Pompon  variety  that  is  very  charming  (award  of  merit). 
Cypripedium  Alfred  Hollington  (E.  Ayling)  — Several  Cypripediums 
now  Dear  the  name  of  Hollington,  and  this  is  equal  to  its  predecessors. 
The  dorsal  sepal  is  white,  flushed  green,  and  striped  with  brown.  The 
reddish  brown  petals  have  numerous  deep  brown  spots,  the  pouch  being 
broad,  and  of  a  greenish  brown  hue  (award  of  merit). 
Lcelia- Cattleya  Gottoiana  rosea  (F.  Sander  &  Co.). — The  sepals  and 
petals  of  this  Orchid  are  salmon  pink  in  colour.  The  lip  is  large  and 
rosy  purple  in  colour,  with  a  paler  margin  (award  of  merit). 
Miltonia  Cobbiana  (VV.  Cobb). — This  is  said  to  be  a  natural  hybrid. 
The  sepals  and  petal*  are  brown  barred  with  yellow,  the  lip  being  white,, 
blotched  with  lavender  (award  of  merit). 
Physalis  Prancheti  (J.  Veitch  &  Sons). — This  is  a  decided  improve¬ 
ment  on  Physalis  Alkekengi  (the  Winter  Cherry),  the  pods  being  much 
larger  and  of  greater  brilliancy  ;  the  large,  conical  pods  are  borne  all 
up  the  stem,  and  for  winter  decoration  it  is  very  striking  (first-class- 
certificate). 
Sobralia  Lindeni  (G,  Duncan). — Delicate  blush  is  the  prevailing 
colour  of  this  Sobralia,  but  the  lip  has  deep  rose  markings  (award  of 
merit). 
Violet  Princess  of  Wales  (0.  Thomas  and  H.  Cannell  &  Sons). — A 
large  flowered  sweetly  scented  Violet  of  great  beauty  (award  of  merit). 
JOTTINGS  FROM  SAW  BRIDGE  WORTH. 
Fruit  here,  fruit  there,  fruit  everywhere  1  Was  there  ever  such  an 
abundance  ?  No  matter  where  we  travel  it  is  the  same — the  chief  source 
of  conversation  ;  yea,  and  in  many  instances  a  cause  of  great  anxiety. 
It  seems  almost  needless  to  add  why,  as  doubtless  many  growers  for 
profit  are  at  this  moment  anxiously  scanning  the  price  lists,  and 
wondering  where  the  most  remunerative  market  is  to  be  found.  The 
question  is  a  serious  one,  and  in  these  days,  when  the  utilisation  of 
land  for  planting  fruit  trees  with  an  idea  of  profit  is  occupying  tho 
attention  of  so  many,  the  abundant  crop  of  1895  forcibly  suggests  that 
“over-production”  must  also  be  thought  of.  However,  be  that  as  it 
may.  the  writer  has  no  intention  in  these  notes  to  raise  any  argument 
on  this  point  beyond  simply  to  add  that  never  in  the  history  of  our 
country  has  the  question  of  fruit  culture  for  profit,  yea,  and  also  for 
pleasure,  been  considered  of  such  vital  importance  as  at  the  present  day. 
And  the  quality  of  this  year’s  fruit ;  has  it  ever  been  so  fine  ?  No,  I 
think  not ;  at  least  if  the  comments  heard  at  the  recent  Crystal  Palace 
show  are  anything  to  go  by.  The  perfections  of  pomology  were  to 
be  seen  adorning  the  long  lines  of  tables  along  the  centre  transept, 
and  to  use  the  words  of  Sir  Trevor  Lawrence,  uttered  at  the  luncheon 
on  the  opening  day,  “  Such  an  exhibition  of  hardy  fruit  has  never  before 
been  seen  in  this  country.” 
But  what  has  this  to  do  with  Sawbridgewprth  ?  Well,  certainly 
it  has  something,  for  on  almost  every  table  might  have  been  seen  some 
sample  or  other,  the  raising  of  which  was  closely  connected  with  the 
well-known  name  of  Rivers.  No  appellation  is  better  known  in  the- 
fruit-growing  world,  for  wherever  trees  are  cultivated,  not  only  in  this 
country,  but  on  the  Continent,  America,  and  even  far-off  Australia,  may 
be  found  varieties  originating  from  Sawbridgeworth,  no  other  firm 
having  been  responsible  for  so  many  new  introductions.  And  how  has- 
this  been  brought  about  ?  Well,  in  the  first  place  through  the  untiring 
energy  of  the  Messrs.  Rivers,  both  past  and  present ;  and  secondly,  by 
the  happy  inspiration  that  led  the  father  of  the  present  proprietor  to  the 
introduction  of  orchard  houses.  To  use  a  Yankee  expression,  it  was 
there  he  “  struck  oil,”  and  since  that  time  the  fame  of  the  firm  has 
advanced  by  leaps  and  bounds,  greatly  owing  to  the  increased  facilities 
afforded  by  the  system  of  growing  trees  under  glass  for  the  nurpose  of 
raising  new  varieties.  Take,  for  instance.  Peaches  and  Nectarines. 
Any  visitor  to  the  Temple  show  in  May  last  will  have  vivid  recollections 
of  the  superb  display  of  these  trees  fruiting  in  pots,  shown  by  Messrs. 
T.  Rivers  &  Son,  and  it  is  connection  with  these  fruits  that  the  name  of 
the  firm  is  best  known,  though  a  visit  to  the  Nurseries  proves  beyond 
doubt  that  they  are  but  one  item  in  the  large  sum  total  of  trees 
under  cultivation. 
Try  to  imagine  an  area  of  something  like  300  acres  devoted  almost 
entirely  to  fruit  trees  and  Roses,  and  you  have  some  idea  of  the  extent 
of  the  Sawbridgeworth  Nurseries  ;  nor  is  this  the  maximum,  as  year  by 
year  more  land  is  enclosed  and  planted,  and  if  the  present  movement  in 
