December  5,  1895, 
JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
541 
Errata. — Corrosive  Sublimate  and  IVIagrgots. — Through  a 
typographical  error  the  amount  of  water  to  be  used  with  the 
quarter  oz.  of  corrosive  sublimate  is  given  at  IJ  gallon  instead  of 
•74  gallons  in  the  reply  under  the  heading  “Maggots  Infesting  Base  of 
Cyclamen  Corm  ( j".  </.)  ”  in  last  week’s  Journal  of  IIorticuUu7’e, 
page  521.  We  desire  to  call  particular  attention  to  this,  as  thouga 
corrosive  sublimate  is  fatal  to  maggot  life,  it  must  be  used  with 
extreme  care,  as  it  is  a  virulent  poison. 
Clearing  Vines  from  Thrlps  (M  Gardener'). — Thrips  very 
often  pass  from  plants  grown  in  the  bouse  to  the  Vines,  but  there 
are  plenty  of  thrips  in  vineries  where  no  plants  are  grown.  As  you 
grow  plants  in  the  house  they  probably  lurk  on  these  during  the 
winter,  or  they  may  issue  from  eggs  that  remain  dormant  during  the 
winter.  In  that  case,  and  it  would  do  no  harm  under  any  circum¬ 
stances,  you  should  dress  the  Vines  now  or  when  pruned  with  a 
•solution  of  soluble  petroleum  or  other  advertised  insecticide,  following 
the  instructions  carefully.  The  best  remedy  for  thrips  during  the 
growt’n  of  the  Vines  is  the  smoke  of  good  tobacco  paper  or  the  vapour 
of  tobacco — the  so-called  nicotine.  The  fumigation  is  effected  by 
various  means,  and  the  vaporisation  by  the  XL  All  Vaporiser,  both 
or  either  of  which  are  certain  and  safe  remedies.  Of  course,  damage 
can  be  done  to  Vine  foliage  under  improper  administration  and 
excessive  doses,  but  there  is  no  occasion  for  this,  and  the  thrips  will 
assuredly  be  killed  by  proper  fumigation  or  vaporisation  repeated  at 
intervals  so  as  to  destroy  the  insects  at  the  time  existent  and  until 
they  are  all  annihilated. 
Destroying  Wlreworm  (A.  B.). — There  are  several  methods  of 
destroying  or  getting  rid  of  these  pests,  few  of  which,  from  an  agri¬ 
cultural  point  of  view,  are  better  than  sowing  the  infested  land  with 
Mustard  in  the  spring,  and  when  in  full  flower,  but  before  seed  vessels 
are  formed,  ploughing  in  under  somewhat  deeply.  This  is  the  best 
procedure  on  heavy  land,  and  the  ground  is  got  into  good  condition  in 
plenty  of  time  for  the  Wheat  crop.  On  light  land  a  farmer  of  700  acres 
sows  the  Mustard  in  the  usual  way,  but  instead  of  allowing  it  to  get 
very  strong — (where  sheep  are  kept  it  is  preferable  to  let  them  consume 
the  crop  on  the  land  and  then  to  plough) — ploughs  it  under  when  the 
first  flowers  open,  and  finds  this  better  on  the  light  soil,  as  he  gets  more 
nitrogenous  matter  into  the  ground  without  its  lying  so  open  as  when 
the  Mustard  is  allowed  to  get  into  full  flower.  The  stalky  matter  and 
the  stronger,  deeper-rooting  plant,  helping  to  open  and  bring  up  matter, 
is  considered  best  for  heavy  land.  Another  farmer’s  plan,  and  we  have 
noted  its  excellent  results  both  as  regards  wireworm  and  crop,  is  to  use 
rape  dust,  that  known  as  Homco  (Bast  India  rape  meal)  being  the 
most  advisable,  as  it  is  rich  in  nitrogen  (equal  to  7^  per  cent,  ammonia), 
and  has  the  manurial  advantage  of  having  had  nearly  all  its  oil 
extracted,  so  that  it  will  the  more  readily  decompose  in  the  soil.  It, 
however,  is  not  used  alone,  but  in  mixture  as  follows  :  — East  India  rape 
meal,  5  cwt.  ;  superphosphate,  3  cwt,  ;  kainit,  3  cwt.,  mixed,  per  acre. 
•For  Potatoes  apply  before  or  immediately  after  planting  the  sets.  If 
the  land  is  poor  in  lime,  substitute  for  superphosphate  5  or  6  cwt, 
of  basic  cinder  if  on  heavy  land,  or  3  cwt.  phosphatic  Peruvian  guano 
or  bonemeal  if  on  light  land.  For  corn  about  half  the  amount  per  acre 
as  for  Potatoes,  exercising  judgment  so  as  to  prevent  the  corn  lodging. 
Use  the  mixture  in  the  spring,  when  the  wireworm  ascends  from  its 
wintry  depths  and  commences  to  work  on  the  corn.  The  wireworm  will 
“fall  to’’  eating  the  rape  dust,  the  pests  leaving  almost  anything  to  feed 
on  it,  and  gorge  themselves  to  such  an  extent  that  they  become  helpless 
and  the  kainit  finishes  them  off.  For  further  remedies  see  Journal  of 
Horticulture^  July  25th,  1895,  page  75. 
ITames  of  Truits. — Notice. — We  have  pleasure  in  naming  good 
typical  fruits  (when  the  names  are  discoverable)  for  the  convenience  of 
regular  subscribers,  who  are  the  growers  of  such  fruit,  and  not  col¬ 
lectors  of  specimens  from  non-subscribers.  This  latter  procedure  is 
wholly  irregular,  and  we  trust  that  none  of  our  readers  will  allow 
themselves  to  be  made  the  mediums  in  infringing  our  rules.  Special 
attention  is  directed  to  the  following  decision,  the  object  of  which  is 
to  discourage  the  growth  of  inferior  and  promote  the  culture  of  superior 
varieties.  In  consequence  of  the  large  number  of  worthless  Apples  and 
Pears  sent  to  this  office  to  be  named,  it  has  been  decided  to  name  only 
specimens  and  varieties  of  approved  merit,  and  to  reject  the  inferior, 
which  are  not  worth  sending  or  growing.  The  names  and  addresses  of 
senders  of  fruit  or  flowers  to  be  named  must  in  all  cases  be  enclosed  with 
the  specimens,  whether  letters  referring  to  the  fruit  are  sent  by  post  or 
not.  The  names  are  not  necessarily  required  for  publication,  initials 
suflflcing  for  that.  Only  six  specimens  can  be  named  at  once,  and  any 
beyond  that  number  cannot  be  preserved.  They  should  be  sent  on  the 
first  indication  of  change  towards  ripening .  Dessert  Pears  cannot  be 
named  in  a  hard  green  state.  (J.  Daices). — 1,  Vicar  of  Winkfield  ; 
2.  Van  Mons  Leon  Leclerc  ;  3,  Doyennd  du  Comice  ;  I,  Beurie 
Kennes.  (^G.  Stanton). — 1,  Pigeon;  a  continental  variety  not  often 
seen  in  England.  The  distinct  purplish-blue  colour  was  thought  to 
resemble  that  on  the  wing  of  a  variety  of  pigeon,  and  hence  the  name. 
2,  not  recognisable  ;  3,  a  small  fruit  of  Golden  Reinette.  (A.  C-  T.). — 
1,  Kerry  Pippin  ;  2,  Warner’s  King  ;  3,  Nonesuch  ;  4.  Figue  de  Naples ; 
5,  Glou  Morqeau ;  G,  Nec  Plus  Meuris.  (A)  M.  31). — The  Pear  is  Beurrb 
Diel.  It  is  a  most  variable  Pear,  and  this  is  one  of  the  best  flavoured 
forms  of  it.  We  are  obliged  by  your  reference  to  the  Directory, 
(iZ.  T.  C.). — 1.  Waltham  Abbey  Seedling;  2,  Lady  Henniker  ;  3,  Lord 
Burghley  ;  4,  Comte  de  Lamy.  (IF.  Cart"). — 1  and  3,  Easter  Beurrb  ; 
2,  Beurrb  Ranee.  (f7.  S.). — Cox’s  Pomona. 
iCOVENT  GARDEN  MARKET. — December  4th. 
FRUIT. 
Tkade  keeps  quiet;  supplies  lighter. 
g. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
8.  d 
8. 
d. 
Apples,  per  bushel  ..  .. 
2 
0 
to  3 
6 
Lemons,  case  . 
11  0tol4 
0 
„  Nova  Scotia,  per 
Pears,  Californian,  per  case 
13  0 
14 
0 
barrel . 
13 
0 
17 
0 
Plums,  per  half  sieve  .. 
0  0 
0 
0 
Oobs.per  100  lbs . 
30 
0 
35 
0 
Bt.  Michael  Pines,  each  . . 
2  0 
6 
0 
Grapes,  per  lb . 
0 
6 
1 
6 
VEGETABLES. 
a. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
a.  d. 
s 
d. 
Beans,  per  lb . 
0 
4 
to  0 
6 
Mustard  and  Cress,  punnet 
0  2  to  0 
0 
Beet,  R^,  dozen . 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Onions,  bushel . 
3  6 
4 
0 
Carrots,  bunch  . .  . .  . . 
0 
3 
0 
4 
Parsley,  dozen  bunches  . . 
2  0 
3 
0 
Cauliflowers,  dozen  ..  .. 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Parsnips,  dozen . 
1  0 
0 
0 
Celery,  bundle  . . 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Potatoes,  per  cwt . 
2  0 
4 
0 
Coleworts,  dozen  bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Salsafy,  bundle . 
1  0 
6 
Cucumbers,  dozen  ..  .. 
1 
6 
3 
0 
Seakaie,  per  basket  ..  .. 
1  6 
1 
9 
Endive,  dozen  . 
1 
3 
1 
6 
Scorzonera,  bundle  ..  .. 
1  6 
u 
0 
Herbs,  bunch  . 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Shallots,  per  lb . . 
0  3 
0 
0 
Leeks,  bunch  . 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Spinach,  bushel . 
2  0 
2 
3 
Lettuce,  dozen . 
1 
3 
0 
0 
Sprouts,  half  siv . 
2  6 
0 
0 
Mushrooms,  punnet  ..  .. 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Toma  toes,  per  lb . 
0  3 
G 
6 
Turnips,  bunch . 
0  3 
0 
0 
AVERAGE  WHOLESALE 
PRICES.- 
COT  FLOWERS. — Orchid  Blooms  in  variety. 
8. 
d. 
a. 
d. 
8.  d. 
8. 
d. 
Acacia  or  Mimosa  (French) 
Orchids,  various,  dozen 
per  bunch . 
1 
0 
to  2 
0 
blooms  . . 
1  6  to  12 
0 
Arum  Lilies,  12  blooms  .. 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Pelargoniums,  12  bunches 
4  0 
9 
0 
Asparagus  Fern,  per  bunoh 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Primula(double ),  doz.  spys. 
0  6 
1 
0 
Bouvardias,  bunoh  ..  .. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Boses  (indoor),  dozen 
1  0 
2 
0 
Carnations,  12  blooms 
1 
0 
3 
0 
„  Tea,  white,  dozen  . , 
1  6 
2 
6 
Chrysanthemum,  doz.  blms. 
1 
0 
4 
0 
„  Yellow,  dozen  (Niels) 
3  y 
6 
0 
„  doz.  bunches 
3 
0 
6 
0 
„  Safrano  (English), 
Eucharis,  dozen . 
4 
0 
6 
0 
dozen . 
1  6 
3 
0 
Gardenias,  dozen 
2 
0 
4 
0 
„  Red,  dozen  blooms  . . 
1  0 
1 
6 
Geranium,  scarlet,  doz. 
Smilax,  per  bunoh  ..  .. 
2  0 
3 
6 
bunches  . 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Stephanotis,  dozen  sprays 
2  0 
4 
0 
Lilac  (French)  per  bunch 
4 
0 
5 
0 
Tuberoses.  12  blooms. . 
0  4 
0 
6 
Lilium  lancifolium,  twelve 
Violets  Parme  (French), 
blooms . 
2 
0 
4 
0 
per  bunch  . . 
2  6 
3 
6 
„  longiflorum,  12  blooms 
4 
0 
6 
0 
„  Czar  (French),  per 
Lily  of  the  Valley,  dozen 
bunch  . .  . . 
2  0 
3 
0 
sprays . 
1 
0 
2 
6 
„  Victoria  (French), 
Maidenhair  Fern.  doz.  bohs. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
12  bunches 
1  6 
2 
0 
Marguerites,  12  bunches  .. 
2 
s 
4 
0 
„  English,  12  bimches 
1  6 
2 
6 
PLANTS 
IN  POTS. 
B. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
8.  d. 
f. 
d. 
Arbor  Vitse  (golden)  dozen 
6 
0  to  12 
0 
Hyacinth  (Roman)  dozen 
Aspidistra,  dozen  . .  . . 
18 
0 
36 
0 
sprays . 
0  6 
to  1 
0 
Aspidistra,  specimen  plant 
5 
0 
10 
6 
Lycopodiums,  dozen  . .  . . 
3  0 
4 
0 
Chrysanthemums,  per  doz 
6 
0 
18 
0 
Marguerite  Daisy,  dozen  .. 
6  0 
9 
0 
Dracsena,  various,  dozen  .. 
12 
0 
30 
0 
Myrtles,  dozen  . 
6  0 
9 
0 
Dracsena  viridis,  dozen  . . 
9 
0 
18 
0 
N  arciss  (French)  doz.  bchs. 
2  6 
4 
0 
Ericas,  various,  per  dozen  . 
9 
0 
24 
0 
Palms,  in  var.,  each  . .  . . 
1  0 
15 
0 
Euonymus,  var.,  dozen  . . 
6 
0 
18 
0 
„  (specimens'-  ..  -- 
21  0 
S3 
0 
Evergreens,  in  var.,  dozen 
6 
0 
24 
0 
Pink  Roses  (French)  per 
Ferns  in  variety,  dozen  .. 
4 
0 
18 
0 
dozen . 
3  0 
4 
0 
Ferns  '■sn’-iU'i  per  hundred 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Safrano  Roses  (French) 
Picirs  elastica,  each  ..  .. 
1 
0 
7 
0 
per  dozen . 
1  3 
2 
0 
Foliage  plants,  var.  each 
2 
0 
10 
0 
Solan  urns,  per  dozen.. 
6  0 
12 
0 
JUDICIOUS  CHANGE. 
When  so  high  an  authority  as  Mr.  Hunter  Pringle  says 
that  the  laying  down  of  heavy  land  to  permanent  pasture  is 
altogether  out  of  the  question,  we  very  naturally  inqun-e  the 
reason  why.  Wherein  lies  the  obstacle  to  permanent  pasture 
on  such  land  ?  The  correct  answer  is  its  want  of  mechanical 
division  and  imperfect  drainage,  and  if  to  the  cost  of  cleaning 
the  land  and  laying  it  down  to  grass  we  add  the  heavy  item 
of  thorough  drainage,  leaving  out  mechanical  division  altogether, 
the  matter  becomes  too  costly  for  an  impoverished  landlord. 
In  our  own  practice  on  such  land  we  have  found  Dr  Hogg’s 
tables  in  the  “  Horticultural  Directory”  a  perfectly  safe  guide  in 
the  preliminary  calculations.  The  total  cost  per  acre  given  for 
draining  compact  tenacious  clay  is  £8  Os.  6d  ;  stiff  adhesive 
clay,  £7  28.  6d. ;  friable  clay,  £G  Ts.  8d  ;  and  free  soft  clay, 
£5  4s  3d.  For  details  we  must  refer  inquirers  to  tbe  tables, 
where  they  are  given  fully.  All  authorities  agree  that  drainage 
is  an  absolute  necessity,  and  even  in  these  hard  times  we  know 
estates  where  generous  landlords  have  not  only  done  the  drain¬ 
age,  but  have  supplied  the  tenants  with  seeds  for  the  pasture. 
We  think  at  this  juncture,  when  so  much  more  of  such  land  is 
going  down  to  grass,  it  may  help  many  a  struggling  farmer  if 
