De<  ember  2G,  1895, 
JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
605 
The  Waas  Fruit  and  Vegetable  Drying  Machine  (6'.)- — 
We  have  endeavoured  to  obtain  the  address  of  the  London  agent  for  this 
appliance,  but  failed  to  do  so.  The  best  authority  to  whom  we  cowid 
apply  informed  us  that  so  fir  as  he  could  ascertain  the  agent  had  gone 
away  (from  England)  and  left  no  address.  If  any  of  our  readers  can 
supply  information  relative  to  manufacturers  of  the  “  Waas  ”  we  shall  be 
obliged.  We  do  not  consider  that  the  appliance,  whatever  may  be  its 
merits,  has  been  properly  brought  to  the  notice  of  fruit  and  vegetable 
growers  in  this  country. 
*  Gardenias  In  Winter  (^Nevio). — If  the  plants  are  swelling  their 
flower  buds  they  must  not  be  kept  in  a  lower  temperature  than  65°. 
Be  careful  not  to  give  too  much  water,  this  will  bring  about  deformity 
of  the  flower  buds.  If  carefully  supplied  with  water  the  same  tempera¬ 
ture  as  the  house,  and  chemical  manure  is  applied  in  small  quantities  to 
the  surface  of  the  soil  at  intervals  of  two  or  three  weeks,  the  roots  will 
continue  active,  and  the  flower  buds  develop  naturally.  Those  that  are 
first  showing  their  flower  buds  and  intended  for  spring  flowering  will  do 
very  well  in  a  temperature  5°  lower,  provided  they  are  not  kept  too  wet 
at  their  roots.  Young  plants  in  2-inch  pots  intended  for  growing  on 
early  inthe  year  should  be  placed  in  the  first-named  temperature  so 
that  they  can  be  kept  slowly  advancing.  Pinch  out  the  points  of  the 
plants  to  prevent  their  running  up  tall.  Keep  these  plants  close  to 
the  glass,  but  be  careful  that  the  soil  does  not  become  dry  about 
their  roots. 
Rooting  Carnation  Cuttings  (6^.  F.'). — A  temperature  of  60°  is 
liable  to  cause  a  weedy  growth  of  plant,  and  this  produces  spindly 
cuttings.  Keep  the  plants  in  a  light  position,  clear  of  all  other  kinds  of 
plants,  and  in  a  temperature  ranging  from  50°  to  55°.  It  is  the  side 
shoots  that  you  want,  and  these,  when  about  4  inches  long,  should  be 
slipped  or  drawn  away  from  the  main  growths.  They  will  require  no 
further  preparation,  but  should  be  dibbled  in  thinly  in  either  boxes, 
pans,  or  well  drained  pots  filled  with  fine  loam,  with  a  little  leaf  soil  and 
sharp  sand  added.  Place  in  close  frame  with  a  bottom  heat  of  70°,  or 
rather  more.  Dry  the  glass  covering  the  frame  every  morning  ;  shade 
from  bright  sunshine.  Take  care  that  the  soil  does  not  become  very 
dry,  and  give  air  freely  as  soon  as  it  is  found  the  cuttings  are  rooted. 
Harden,  and  before  the  roots  become  matted  together  place  the  plants 
singly  in  2^-inch  pots.  Carnations  are  preferred  with  long  stems  ;  but 
it  does  not  pay  to  disbud  other  than  the  Malmaisons  very  severely. 
Strong  flowering  growths  branch  freely,  and  the  breaks  from  these 
should  each  have  the  terminal  bud  only  left  on  them. 
Cbrysantbemums  for  Exhibition  (Y.  S,  F.'). — The  varieties 
numbered  1,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  13,  15,  16,  17,  and  19,  when  cultivated  on  the 
principle  of  allowing  the  plants  to  make  their  first  bud  before 
endeavouring  to  obtain  extra  shoots,  grow  a  trifle  above  5  feet  high. 
The  remainder  are  all  below  that  heighc.  Of  course  circumstances, 
such  as  good  and  bad  culture,  make  all  the  difference  in  the  manner  of 
growth,  especially  when  cultivated  to  produce  large  blooms.  If  the 
plants  are  raised  in  a  warm  house,  grown  for  two  months  longer 
than  they  should  be  in  this  structure,  instead  of  befng  in  a  cold  frame 
from  the  lime  they  are  6  inches  high,  then  there  is  no  fixing  the  height 
of  certain  varieties,  even  approximately.  We  should  not  advise  the 
retention  of  Nos.  6  and  16,  as  they  give  blooms  much  too  coarse  in  the 
floret  to  oe  effective  on  the  exhibition  table.  With  the  exception  of 
No.  14  all  the  varieties  will  succeed  on  the  natural  system.  Of  course, 
you  will  know  that  it  is  somewhat  difficult  to  give  precise  instructions 
for  Guernsey,  but  assuming  the  climate  is  a  trifle  warmer  and  the 
seasons  earlier,  the  varieties  should  succeed  by  taking  the  third  bud.  If 
the  blooms  are  developed  from  early  buds,  say  those  formed  the  first 
week  in  August,  the  florets  are  coarse,  and  do  not  contain  the  right 
colour  or  shape.  Should  any  variety,  however,  show  its  second  bud  as 
late  as  the  20th  of  August,  this  bud  must  not  be  removed,  as  it  would  be 
too  late  then  to  wait  for  the  next.  No.  14  ought  to  be  pinched  the 
second  week  in  April,  securing  then  the  first  bud  that  forms  on  each 
shoot. 
Fungus  and  Eelworms  In  Tomatoes  (2^.  IK.). — We  also 
noticed  what  “  a  correspondent  who  had  visited  Wye  College  wrote  in 
the  Journal  of  Horticulture,  stating  that  experiments  had  gone  to  show 
that  eelworms  in  the  soil  in  Hop  gardens  had  proved  incurable  by 
disinfectants.”  This  did  not  strike  us  as  remarkable,  for  the  information 
was  obtained  under  conditions  where  the  treatment  advised  by  Mr. 
Abbey  would  not  have  a  chance.  We  agree  with  you  that  “it  would 
prove  instructive  to  our  readers  if  a  few  only  of  the  many  sufferers  from 
eelworms  in  Tomatoes  and  Cucumbers  who  were  advised  by  Mr.  Abbey 
to  use  soluble  phenyle  and  other  disinfectants  would  state  their 
experience  of  the  effect  thereof  upon  the  pest,  and  the  fungoid  ones 
also.”  We  are  also  obliged  by  the  statement  that  you  found  “gas 
liquor  very  useful,”  because,  as  you  assume,  it  contains  the  active 
principle  of  phenyle.  The  “active  principle”  of  gas  liquor  is  not 
phenyle,  but  cyanogen,  as  regards  destroying  slime  fungus  or  clubroot, 
sleepy  or  drooping  disease  fungus,  or  grubs.  It  should  be  used  diluted 
with  five  times  its  bulk  of  water.  Corrosive  sublimate  (mercuric 
chloride)  is  far  more  potent  than  gas  liquor,  and  it  acts  by  the  chloride, 
A  quarter  of  an  ounce  to  1\  gallons  of  water  is  a  proper  solution  to  use. 
It  is  a  virulent  poison.  Soluble  phenyle  has  the  formula  CeHs,  and 
contains  the  active  properties  of  carbolic  acid  (CeHgO)  without  its 
disadvantages,  being  both  a  disinfectant  and,  as  regards  the  higher 
plants,  a  fertiliser.  The  three  substances  have  different  principles.  Gas 
liquor  that  of  cyanogen — C?N2  ;  soluble  phenyle  that  of  phenol — 
CeHfiOH  ;  and  corrosive  sublimate  that  of  chlorine  —  Cl,  the  formula 
of  mercuric  chloride  or  corrosive  sublimate  being  HgCl2.  In  a  severe 
attack  of  eelworm  on  Cucumber  in  the  west  of  England,  which  rendered 
the  plants  useless,  nothing  had  any  effect  in  their  restoration  until 
phenyle  was  applied,  and  this  brought  them  into  a  bearing  state.  The 
roots  of  Cucumbers  or  Tomatoes  as  confined  in  a  comparatively 
small  bulk  of  soil  can  be  reached  by  solution,  but  the  fibrous  roots  of 
Hops  in  a  field,  penetrating  no  one  knows  where,  cannot,  with  any 
approach  to  certainty,  as  has  been  proved  by  careful  and  persistent 
experiments. 
Eelworms— Mildew  Remedies  (IF.  F.  H.'). — You  ask,  “  1,  Are 
eelworms  visible  to  the  naked  eye,  and  if  so,  what  are  they  like  ?”  As  to 
“  visibility,”  as  there  is  a  difference  in  eyes,  you  will  be  able  to  judge 
for  yourself  when  we  inform  you  that  specimens  found  in  a  Cucumber 
root  by  Mr,  W.  G.  Smith  were  just  over  a  hundredth  part  of  an  inch 
in  length.  As  to  “  resemblance,”  we  will  reproduce  an  illustration  of 
the  same  specimens  enlarged  160  diameters,  and  you  will  see  exactly 
“  what  they  are  like.”  We  cannot  do  so  this  week.  You  ask,  “2,  If 
there  is  any  remedy  for  mildew  among  Tomatoes  other  than  sulphur, 
and  what  is  the  best  remedy  in  a  large  house?”  Some  persons  have 
found  one  “remedy”  the  best,  some  another.  We  know  as  a  positive 
fact  that  prevention  is  better  than  any  “  remedy  ”  in  the  world,  and 
have  so  stated  a  hundred  times.  If  the  mycelium  of  the  fungus  is 
allowed  to  permeate  the  tissues  of  the  leaves,  or,  in  other  words,  the 
mildew  is  permitted  to  become  firmly  established  the  jJarasite  cannot 
then  be  destroyed  without  destroying  those  leaves.  It  can  be  prevented 
taking  possession  of  them  by  timely  and  occasional  sprayings  with 
carbonate  of  copper  solution,  properly  prepared  Bordeaux  mixture, 
or  early  and  occasional  dustings  with  anti-blight  powder,  because  the 
germinal  tubes  of  the  spores  are  destroyed  by  contact  with  the  protective 
substances.  The  liability  of  plants  to  attack  is  enormously  lessened 
by  the  good  cultural  routine  in  respect  to  soil,  temperature,  and  methods, 
of  ventilation  ;  but  at  the  same  time  mildew  is  more  prevalent  in  some 
localities  than  others.  On  the  very  first  appearance  of  “  mildew  specks  ” 
on  any  kind  of  plants  the  growth  of  the  parasite  may  be  arrested  by 
dusting  with  black  or  white  sulphur,  or  spraying  with  sulphide  of 
potassium,  half  ounce  in  a  gallon  of  water.  With  sound  culture,  sharp 
eyes,  and  prompt  action,  mildew  may  be  mastered,  but  it  is  better  to 
prevent  the  appearance  of  “first  speck.”  If  the  parasite  is  allowed  to 
increase  until  it  becomes  a  scourge,  then  mildew  is  the  master,  and  the 
leaves  must  succumb,  apply  to  them  whatever  you  may. 
irames  of  Fruits. — Notice. — We  have  pleasure  in  naming  good 
typical  fruits  (when  the  names  are  discoverable)  for  the  convenience  of 
regular  subscribers,  who  are  the  growers  of  such  fruit,  and  not  col¬ 
lectors  of  specimens  from  non-subscribers.  This  latter  procedure  is 
wholly  irregular,  and  we  trust  that  none  of  our  readers  will  allow 
themselves  to  be  made  the  mediums  in  infringing  our  rules.  Special 
attention  is  directed  to  the  following  decision,  the  object  of  which  is 
to  discourage  the  growth  of  inferior  and  promote  the  culture  of  superior 
varieties.  In  conseguence  of  the  large  number  of  worthless  Apples  and 
Pears  sent  to  this  office  to  be  named,  it  has  been  decided  to  name  only 
specimens  and  varieties  of  approved  merit,  and  to  reject  the  inferior, 
which  are  not  worth  sending  or  growing.  The  names  and  addresses  of 
Benders  of  fruit  or  flowers  to  be  named  must  in  all  cases  be  enclosed  with 
the  specimens,  whether  letters  referring*to  the  fruit  are  sent  by  post  or 
not.  The  names  are  not  necessarily  required  for  publication,  initials 
sufldcing  for  that.  Only  six  specimens  can  be  named  at  once,  and  any 
beyond  that  number  cannot  be  preserved.  They  should  be  sent  on  the 
first  indication  of  change  towards  ripening .  Dessert  Pears  cannot  be 
named  in  a  hard  greerh  state,  QC.  H.  S.  P.'), — 1,  If  all  the  fruits  are 
like  the  specimen  sent  the  variety  is  not  the  Blenhe.im  Pippin,  but  more 
resembles  Tower  of  Glamis,  of  which  you  will  find  a  description  in 
Dr.  Hogg’s  “  Fruit  Manual  2,  possibly  a  seedling  from  No.  1.  With 
Chaplin’s  Pippin  we  are  unacquainted  ;  it  is  not  mentioned  in  the  above 
work. 
COVBNT  GARDEN  MARKET. — December  23rd. 
No  alteration  in  the  character  of  the  trade. 
FRUIT. 
I. 
d. 
B. 
d. 
8. 
d 
s. 
d. 
Apples,  per  bushel  . .  . . 
2 
0 
to  3 
6 
Lemons,  case  . 
11 
Oto  14 
0 
„  Nova  Scotia,  per 
Pears,  Californian,  per  case 
13 
0 
14 
0 
barrel . 
13 
0 
17 
0 
Plums,  per  half  sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Grapes,  per  lb . 
0 
6 
1 
6 
St.  Michael  Pines,  each  . . 
2 
0 
6 
0 
VEGETABLES, 
B. 
d. 
B. 
d. 
a. 
d. 
a. 
d. 
Beans,  per  lb . 
0 
4 
to  0 
6 
Mustard  and  Cress,  punnet 
0 
2 
to  0 
0 
Beet,  Red,  dozen . 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Onions,  bushel . 
3 
6 
4 
0 
Carrots,  bunch . 
0 
3 
0 
4 
Parsley,  dozen  bunches  .. 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Cauliflowers,  dozen  . .  . . 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Parsnips,  dozen . 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Celery,  bundle  . . 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Potatoes,  per  cwt . 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Coleworts,  dozen  bunches 
2 
0 
4 
u 
Salsafy,  bundle . 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Cucumbers,  dozen  ..  .. 
4 
0 
9 
0 
Seakaie,  per  basket  ..  ,. 
1 
6 
1 
9 
Endive,  dozen  . 
1 
3 
1 
6 
Scorzonera,  bundle  ..  .. 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Herbs,  bunch  . 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Shallots,  per  lb . 
0 
3 
n 
0 
Leeks,  bunch  . 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Spinach,  bushel . 
2 
0 
2 
3 
Lettuce,  dozen . 
1 
3 
0 
0 
Sprouts,  half  siv . 
2 
6 
0 
0 
Mushrooms,  punnet  ..  .. 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Tomatoes. per  lb . 
0 
3 
c 
6 
Turnips,  bunch . 
0 
3 
0 
0 
PLANTS 
IN  POTS. 
fl. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
B. 
d. 
B. 
d. 
Arbor  Vitae  (golden)  dozen 
6 
0  to  12 
0 
Ferns  ''small)  per  hundred 
4 
0 
to  6 
0 
Aspidistra,  dozen  . .  . . 
18 
0 
36 
0 
Ficus  elastica,  each  . .  . . 
1 
0 
7 
0 
Aspidistra,  specimen  plant 
6 
0 
10 
6 
Foiiage  plants,  var.  each 
2 
0 
10 
0 
Chrysanthemums,  per  doz 
6 
0 
18 
0 
Lycopodiums,  dozen  . .  . . 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Dracaena,  various,  dozen  . . 
12 
0 
30 
0 
Marguerite  Daisy,  dozen  . . 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Dracaena  viridis,  dozen  . . 
9 
0 
18 
0 
Myrtles,  dozen  . 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Ericas,  various,  per  dozen  . 
9 
0 
24 
0 
Narciss  (French)  doz.  bchs. 
2 
6 
4 
0 
Buonymus,  var.,  dozen  .. 
6 
0 
18 
0 
Palma,  in  var..  each  ..  .. 
1 
0 
16 
0 
Evergreens,  in  var.,  dozen 
6 
0 
24 
0 
„  (specimens-  ..  .. 
21 
0 
S3 
0 
Ferns  in  variety,  dozen  .. 
4 
0 
18 
0 
Solanums,  per  dozen,.  .. 
8 
0 
12 
0 
