February  24,  1898. 
JOURNAL  OF  HORTIOULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
161 
FINEST  SELECTED  STRAINS 
e«OF  TESTED  GR0WTH«3 
BARR’S  21/-  COLLECTION 
OF  VEGETABLE  SEEDS 
Will  give  a  constant  supply  of  Vegetables  all  the  year 
round.  The  Seeds  are  all  of  the  most  approved  varieties,  and, 
as  will  be  seen,  the  utmost  liberality  has  been  evinced. 
14  PINTS  Peas. 
4  ,,  Bkoad  Beans. 
1  PINT  Dwarf  French 
Beans. 
1  PINT  Scarlet  Runners. 
1  PACKET  Beet. 
1  ,,  Borecole. 
3  PACKETS  Broccoli. 
1  PACKET  Brussels 
Sprouts. 
3  PACKETS  Cabbage. 
1  PACKET  COLEWORT. 
1  ,,  Cabbage  Savoy. 
02.  Carrot. 
2  PACKETS  Celery. 
1  PACKET  Cauliflower. 
3  02.  Cress. 
1  PACKET  Cress,  American 
or  Winter. 
2  packets  Cucumber. 
1  p.ACKET  Endive. 
4  PACKETS  Lettuce. 
1  packet  Leek. 
1  , ,  Melon. 
4  02.  Mustard. 
4  PACKETS  Onion. 
1  02.  Parsnip. 
3J  02.  Radish. 
1  PACKET  SaLSAFY. 
1  ,,  SCORZONERA. 
4  02.  Spinach. 
3  02.  Turnip. 
1  PACKET  Tomato. 
1  ,,  Vegetable  Marrow 
1  PACKET  Thyme. 
1  ,,  Pot  Marjoram. 
1  ,,  Summer  Savory. 
1  ,,  Parsley. 
Other  COI.I.ECTZON’S,  12/6,  42/-,  to  105/ 
All  Seeds  sent  Carriage  Paid  on  receipt  of  remittance. 
BARR  sons, 
12  &  13  KING  ST.,  COTKNT  CARDEN,  LONDON 
Price  1/-;  Post  Free.  1/li. 
By  W.  IGGULDEN,  F.R.H.S. 
Office:  12,  Mitre  Court  Chambers,  Fleet  Street,  E.C. 
World-renowned  Strains  of  Choice 
FLOWER  SEEDS. 
1/6 
1/6 
XED 
POST  FREE 
1/6,  2/6 
1/6,  2/6 
..  2/6 
..  1/- 
..  1/- 
2/6,  3/6,  5/- 
2/6,  3/6,  5/- 
2/6,  3/6,  5/- 
.  2/6,  5/- 
.  2/6,  5/- 
2/6,  3/6,  5/- 
2/6,  6/- 
. .  2/6 
. .  2/6 
. .  2/6 
. .  2/6 
3/6,  5/- 
.  3/6,  5/- 
.  2/6,  51- 
2/6,  3/6,  51- 
2/6,  3/6,  51- 
2/6,  3/6,  5,1- 
■  2/6,  51- 
2/6,  3/6,  51- 
2/6,  3/6,  51- 
2/6,  3/6,  51- 
lliustra'ed  Catalogue  Gratis  and  Post  Free. 
victoria  and  Paradise  Nurseries, 
UPPER  HOLLOWAY,  LONDON,  N. 
Begonia  Hybrida,  Mixed 
Balsam,  Williams’  superb 
Cockscomb,  MOlliams’  Prize 
Celosia  Plumosa,  Crimson 
,,  ,,  Aurea 
Calceolaria,  Williams’  Superb 
Cineraria,  Williams’  Superb 
Cyclamen  Giga.nteum  Album 
,,  Rose  Queen  .. 
,,  Boseum.. 
,,  Rubrum 
,,  Finest  Mixed 
Gloxinia,  Superb  Scarlet 
,,  ,,  Erect,  Mi 
,,  ,,  Spotted 
,,  GouviLLE  Strain 
Primula,  Magnum  Bonum 
Snowball 
Avalanche 
Alba  Magnifica 
1/6 
Chiswick  Red 
1/6 
Meteor . 
Superb  Blue.. 
,,  White 
1/6 
,,  Red  .. 
1/6 
,,  Mixed 
1/6 
No.  922.— VOL.  XXXVI.,  Third  Series,  p 
i  Eckford’s  SWBET  PEAS  I 
I  Direct  from  Raiser.  30  Gold  <fe  Silver  Medals.  • 
'  Everybody  should  have  EckforD’s  priced  descriptive  I 
I  Catalogue,  containing  Cultural  Notes,  &c.,  gratis  • 
I  and  post  free,  from  [ 
I  HENRT  ECKFOKD,  WEM,  Shropshire.  » 
(  Eckford’s  Culinary  Peas  also  lead,  see  Catalogue.  > 
^w9wwwwwww’»m  wwwwwwmwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwQ 
N0V7  IS  THE  TIME  TO  PLANT 
ALL  THE  LEADING  VARIETIES  IN 
Standards,  Haif-Standards,  Dwarfs,  Ciimbers, 
ALSO  IN  POTS. 
OF  SVPERI.ATIVE  QVAIiZTZES. 
Priced  Catalogues  Post  Free. 
DICKSONS  Nurseries,  CHESTER 
BATH’S  NEW  SPRING  CATALOGUE, 
containing  description,  with  full  cultural  directions, 
of  the  choicest  Carnattqns,  Dahlias,  Pansies,  Violas, 
and  many  other  plants,  will  be  sent  post  free  on  application. 
R.  H.  BATH,  Ltd.,  The  Floral  Farms,  WISBECH. 
CARNATIONS  AND  PICOTEES.— 12  choice 
named  for  exhibition,  5/- ;  12  choice  named  for 
border,  5/- ;  12  choice  named  yellow  grounds,  6/- ;  unnamed 
Carnations  for  massing,  3/6  per  dozen  ;  20/-  per  100.  All 
free  for  cash.  Catalogues  post  free. — T.  LORD,  Hole- 
bottom,  Todmorden. 
Dutch  bulbs.— J.  J.  THOOLEN,  Bulb  and 
Plant  Grower,  OVERVEEN,  near  HAARLEM 
HOLLAND,  has  the  honour  to  inform  that  his  Illustrated 
Price  List  in  English,  Spring,  1898,  is  ready,  and  will  be 
sent  free  on  application.  No  charges  for  packing.  Orders 
of  10/-  and  above  entirely  free  to  destinations  in  England, 
Scotland,  and  Ireland,  Ac.  Lowest  prices ;  first  quality 
guaranteed. 
lAAAAA  BEGONIA  TUBERS.— Large,  erect 
iUUiUUU  flowering.  Single,  12  for  2/3;  100,  16/-. 
Double,  12  for  2/6 ;  100,  17/-.  Send  for  List,  free.— 
JOHN  WELLS,  Begonia  Nursery,  Ryarsh,  Mailing,  Kent. 
CCELOGYNE  CRISTATA,  well  grown,  with 
bloom  spikes,  25  bulbs,  2/- ;  about  50  bulbs,  3/6 ; 
65  bulbs,  5/- ;  100  to  150  bulbs,  7/-  to  10/-  each.  CYPRIPE- 
DIUM  INSIGNE,  2/6  per  dozen  crowns.— TRUSTEES, 
late  J.  STEVENSON,  Timperley,  Cheshire. 
Alpines,  rock  plants  &  shrubs,  and 
HERBACEOUS  PERENNIALS,  2000  to  3000  species 
and  varieties.  —  Catalogue,  130  pages,  descriptive  and 
illustrated,  free  on  application,  by  postcard,  to  MANAGER, 
Guildford  Hardy  Plant  Nursery,  Guildford.  Prices  largely 
reduced  for  dozens  and  hundreds. 
IMPORTANT  TO  MUSHROOM  GROWERS.— 
CUTHRERT’S  SPECIALITE  MUSHROOM  SPAWN. 
Always  alike  ;  most  productive.  Hundreds  of  Testimonials. 
Per  Bushel,  5/-.— R.  &  G.  CUTHBERT,  Seed,  Bulb,  and 
Plant  Merchants,  Southgate,  N.  Established  1797. 
Heating  apparatus.  —  Medals  1875  and 
1881.  Catalogue  of  Boilers,  Pipes,  and  Fittings  free. 
W.  Jones’  Treatise,  “Heating  by  Hot  Water,”  second 
edition,  216  pages,  2/6;  post  free,  2/10.— JONES  and 
ATTWOOD,  Stourbridge.  
All  who  wish  grand  results  should 
use  THOMSON’S  IMPROVED  VINE,  PLANT  and 
VEGETABLE  MANURE.  This  Valuable  Manure  is  yearly 
rowing  in  public  favour.  Can  be  had  of  all  Nursery  and 
eedsmen,  or  direct  from  the  makers,  WM.  THOMSON  and 
SONS,  Ltd.,  Tweed  Vineyard,  Clovenfords,  Galashiels, 
N.B.  Price  Li.sts  and  Testimonials  on  Application.  1  cwt. 
and  upwards  Carriage  Paid  to  all  stations  in  Britain  and 
Ireland.  London  Agent — Mr.  J.  George,  14,  Redgrave 
Road,  Putney.  Agent  for  Channel  Islands— Mr.  J.  H. 
Parsons,  Market  Place,  Guernsey.  Also  THOMSON’S 
SPECIAL  CHRYSANTHEMUM  MANURE.  i  cwt. 
Carriage  Paid  to  all  stations  in  Britain  and  Ireland. 
URE  WOOD  CHARCOAL,  Specially  Prepared 
for  Horticultural  use.  Extract  from  the  Journal  of 
Horticulture :  “  Charcoal  is  invaluable  as  a  manurial  agent ; 
each  little  piece  is  a  pantry  full  of  the  good  things  of  this 
life.  There  is  no  cultivated  plant  which  is  not  benefited  by 
having  Charcoal  applied  to  the  soil  in  which  it  is  rooted.  ” 
Apply  for  Pamphlet  and  Prices  to  the  Manufacturers — 
HIRST,  BROOKE  &  HIRST,  Ltd.,  Leeds. 
Greenhouses  from  £2  8/-,  vineries, 
CONSERVATORIES,  well-made  FRAMES,  painted 
or  glazed,  from  21/-.  Hlustrated  Price  Lists  free.  Maker 
TO  H.M.  THE  Queen  and  H.R.H.  the  Prince  of  Wales. 
otter,  hawthorn  &  CO.,  Manohictarers, 
London  Works,  Reading.  (Name  Paper.) 
THE  jroURITAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  can  be  obtained 
from  the  Ojfce^yi,  Mitre  Court  Chambers,  Fleet  8t., 
London,  post  fres  for  a  Quarter,  3/9.  Editorial 
commanlcatlons  must  be  addressed  to  8,  Rosa 
Hill  Rd.,  Wandsworth,  S.W. 
CARNATIONS . 
Names  and,  Kinds.  , 
HERE  the  cultivated  Carnation  originated, 
whence  and  when  it  was  introduced  into 
England,  are  interesting  items  in  its  history  which 
unfortunately  have  never  been  elucidated.  In 
the  sixteenth  century  it  seems  already  to  have 
possessed  a  European  reputation  and  to  have  been 
cultivated  with  great  care.  Previous  to  this, 
however,  its  history  is  practically  a  blank,  and  it 
comes  suddenly  within  our  ken  an  established 
garden  flower,  the  finest  varieties  of  which  were 
cultivated  in  pots  and  protected  during  the  winter 
months  in  frost-proof  places.  In  England  the 
earliest  mention  of  the  flower,  a  single  kind,  was 
made  previous  to  1420  by  James  I.  of  Scotland  in 
the  well-known  “King’s  Quhair,”  th'e  desigpations 
employed  being  respectively  “Red  jeraffleris”  and 
“  gerafloure.”  Some  have  supposed  that  Chaucer 
by  “  Clowe-gilofre  ”  referred  to  a  Carnation,  hut 
in  both  the  instances  it  is  mentioned  by  that  poet 
it  is  in  connection  with  other  spices,  such  as 
nutmegs,  liquorice,  “  Cetewale  of  Prys,”  an  expen¬ 
sive  kind  of  Spikenard,  supposed  to  he  a  Valerian; 
ginger,  grains  of  paradise  and  cinnamon.  The 
passage  describing  these  as  growing  together  in 
the  Garden  of  Myrthe  is  a  poetic  fiction,  and  we 
know  it  could  not  occur  in  fact. 
The  earliest  names  applied  to  the  Carnation  in 
England  may  therefore  he  safely  concluded  to  be 
“jeraffleris”  and  “gerafloure,”  the  former  being 
used  a  century  later  in  Gawain  Douglas’  Virgil’s 
“Enid.”  Giroflier  seems  identical,  and  they  appear 
to  he  contracted  rather  than  corrupted  forms  of 
Caryophylleus.  But  although  we  conclude  Chaucer’s 
Clowe  gilofre  to  be  the  same  with  the  Cloue 
Gylofres  seen  by  Sir  John  Maundeville  growing 
in  the  Spice  Islands,  and  therefore  the  Clove 
Spice,  there  is  no  reason  to  doubt  that  the  designa¬ 
tion  in  course  of  time  came  to  he  applied  to  a 
Carnation  possessed  of  a  pronounced  scent  of 
cloves. 
The  simple  Gillyflower,  which  was  spelled  in  a 
great  variety  of  ways — Gyllofyr,  Gillofer,  Gillyvor, 
Gellofloure,  JUlyfloure,  and  Jellyflower  being  a  few 
No.  3678. -VOL.  XCJVin.,  OLD  SERIES. 
