August  4,  1898. 
JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER . 
87 
-  Dividing  Primroses  and  Polyanthuses. — Failing  young 
seedlings,  old  plants  of  Primroses  and  Polyanthuses  may  be  divided  and 
replanted  now.  The  old  leaves  may  be  cut  off  entirely,  without  any 
detriment  to  the  crowns,  which  will  soon  push  fresh  leaves.  Trim  back 
the  roots,  and  fresh  fibres  will  develop  close  under  the  crowns.  They  like 
moist  rich  soil  and  a  shaded  position. — E. 
-  Maidenhair  Ferns  in  the  Sun.— The  Maidenhair  Fern 
(Adiantum  cuneatum)  may  be  fully  exposed  to  the  sun  if  not  stood  too 
near  the  glass.  It  does  not  need  artificial  heat  now,  and  plants  will  be 
better  in  an  airy  conservatory  than  in  a  close  moist  atmosphere,  especially 
if  fronds  are  wanted  for  cutting.  Regular  moisture  at  the  roots  is  very 
essential,  and  greatly  assists  the  plants  in  enduring  increased  light  with 
advantage. — S. 
-  Dutch  Horticultural  and  Botanical  Society.  -The 
Floral  Committee,  at  a  meeting  on  July  13th,  1898,  awarded  first-class 
certificates  to  Mr.  C.  Ivwint,  of  Bloemendaal,  fos  Begonia  tuberosa  fl.-pl. 
cristata  ;  to  Messrs.  E.  H.  Krelage  &  Son,  of  Haarlem,  for  Begonia 
tuberosa  fl.-pl.  Orange  Ball,  B.  t.  fl.-pl.  Souvenir  de  Pierre  Notting, 
Calochortus  Gunuisoni,  and  Petunia  “  Sneeuwbal  ;  ”  and  to  Mr.  C.  G. 
van  Dijk,  of  Zeist,  for  Schubertia  grandiflora.  Also  certificates  of  merit 
to  Messrs.  H.  Krelage  &  Son,  of  Haarlem,  for  Ageratum  Blue  Perfection 
and  Helenium  Bigelowi  ;  with  botanicall  certificates  to  Messrs.  E.  H. 
Krelage  &  Son,  of  Haarlem,  for  Calochortus  obispoensis  and  Lilium 
elegans  Alice  Wilson. 
-  AUSTRALIAN  Oranges  IN  ,England. — The  present  bank 
holiday  season  will  witness  the  arrival  of  a  shipment  of  Australian 
Oranges  consisting  of  some  thousands  of  boxes,  most  of  them  going 
direct  to  one  firm  in  Covent  Garden.  All  through  August  and  September 
weekly  shipments  are  to  arrive,  and  it  is  said  that  fully  30,000  boxes 
will  be  marketed.  This  new  development  of  Australian  trade  i3  due  to 
the  Government  of  New  South  Wales,  where  most  of  the  fruit  is  grown, 
who,  two  years  ago,  sent  an  experimental  shipment  of  nearly  1800  boxes, 
which  Drought  splendid  orices,  owing  to  the  excellence  of  the  Oranges. 
It  seems  extremely  probably  that  Australian  Oranges  will  thus  become 
as  popular  here  as  Tasmanian  Apples.  Experts  declare  the  Australian 
Orange  to  be  equal  to  the  best  European. 
-  Trade  Marks. — This  appeal  (before  the  Master  of  the  Rolls, 
Lord  Justice  Chittv  and  Lord  Justice  Collins)  raised  a  question  of 
considerable  importance  under  the  Patents  and  Trade  Marks  Acts — viz., 
as  to  the  right  of  a  dealer  in  goods  of  various  descriptions  to  register  a 
trade  mark  for  goods  in  which  he  does  not  deal,  and  has  no  definite 
intention  of  dealing.  The  appeal  was  brought  by  Mr.  Kottgen,  trading 
as  J.  Batt  &  Co.,  in  the  name  of  the  firm  from  an  order  of  Mr.  Justice 
Romer  expunging  two  trade  marks  from  the  register  (see  the  “Times” 
of  April  23rd).  One  trade  mark,  No.  27,850,  was  registered  in  July, 
1882,  in  the  name  of  J.  Batt  &  Co.,  for  several  classes  of  goods,  including 
clsss  42.  The  other  trade  mark,  No.  72,790,  was  registered  in  August, 
1888,  in  the  same  name,  for  class  42  alone.  Both  trade  marks  consisted 
of  a  butterfly  with  open  wings.  Class  42  was  as  follows  : — “  Substances 
used  as  food  or  as  ingredients  in  food.”  Messrs.  James  Carter  &  Co., 
the  well-known  seed  merchants,  applied  to  register  a  butterfly  with  closed 
wings  for  Oats,  which  were  comprised  in  class  42.  The  Comptroller 
refused  the  application  on  the  ground  that  there  were  already  on  the 
register  the  butterflies  of  J.  Batt  &  Co.  for  class  42.  Thereupon  Messrs. 
Carter  &  Co.  applied  to  expunge  these  marks.  The  main  ground  for 
expunging  them  was  that  J.  Batt  &  Co.  never  dealt  in  goods  in  class  42, 
and  were  not  justified  in  registering  any  trade  mark  for  goods  in  that 
class,  and  the  learned  Judge,  in  ordering  the  marks  to  be  removed, 
proceeded  upon  that  ground. — (“  Times.”) 
-  Potato  Disease  in  Ireland. — We  very  much  regret  to 
learn  that  the  Potato  blight  has  already  made  its  unwelcome  appearance 
over  a  considerable  portion  of  the  West,  and  that  in  many  districts  the 
unmistakeable  discolouration  of  the  foliage  by  which  the  progress  of  the 
disease  is  accompanied  is  very  frequently  to  be  seen.  A  correspondent 
who  has  just  returned  from  that  part  of  the  country  tells  us  of 
the  crop  in  many  gardens  in  the  Co.  Sligo  being  already  “  quite 
black,”  and  from  Galway  and  Mayo  we  also  hear  of  the  fungus 
being  at  work,  particularly  among  early  Potatoes.  A  word  of  warning 
will  not  be  out  of  place  with  reference  to  the  spraying  of  the 
Potato  crop.  Information  has  reached  us  to  the  effect  that  in  many 
districts  farmers  are  purposely  refraining  from  giving  their  Potatoes  a 
second  dressing  of  the  sulphate  of  copper  solution  on  the  strength  of  the 
continued  immunity  of  the  crop  from  disease,  and  on  the  chance  of  the 
plants  pulliDg  through  even  should  the  fungus  appear.  No  more  mis¬ 
taken  course  could  be  aaopied.  Since  the  first  spraying  took  place — 
even  though  not  a  drop  of  rain  may  have  fallen  in  the  meantime— there 
will  have  been  a  considerable  growth  of  new  haulms  and  leaves,  all  of 
which  would  act  as  suitable  ground  for  the  development  of  the  disease 
should  conditions  favourable  to  the  germination  of  the  fungus  spores  set 
in.  And  who  can  tell  when  the  close,  damp  weather  favourable  to  such 
fungoid  activity  may  set  in,  and  the  disease  thus  be  afforded  every 
facility  for  its  rapid  development  ?  Should  such  a  change  in  the  weather 
take  place — and  as  we  write  the  outlook  is  none  too  reassuring — the 
labour  and  expense  incurred  in  the  first  spraying  will  have  been  practi¬ 
cally  thrown  away,  and  farmers  will  have  the  mortification  of  seeing  all 
their  efforts  at  protecting  the  crop  go  for  next  to  nothing.  Economy 
such  as  that  effected  by  withholding  this  second  dressing  of  the  Potato 
crop  is  very  short-sighted  economy. — (“Irish  Farmers’  Gazette.”) 
AUSTRALIAN  HORTICULTURE. 
Perhaps  no  portion  of  the  world  (observes  an  experienced  writer)^ 
of  the  same  area,  is  better  favoured  than  New  South  Wales,  with  its 
varied  climates  and  soils,  for  the  production  of  fruits,  vegetables,  and 
flowers.  It  is  really  surprising  how  great  a  variety  can  be  grown  to 
perfection,  and  at  a  minimum  expenditure  of  labour.  Exotics  from  cold, 
temperate,  and  even  tropical  countries  thrive  equally  well  within  the 
limits  of  this  comparatively  small  area  ;  and  still  more  remarkable  is  the 
fact  that  so  many  of  these  plants  from  different  climates  will  grow  side 
by  side  in  many  favoured  localities. 
With  all  these  advantages  it  seems  strange  that  comparatively  little 
attention  should  be  devoted  to  the  raising  of  vegetables  for  home  use,  or 
to  the  cultivation  of  flowering  and  ornamental  plants  for  the  adornment 
of  the  home  of  the  settlers  in  the  country  districts.  Occasionally  one 
may  meet  with  a  well-cared-for  beautiful  garden,  like  an  oasis  in  the 
wilderness  ;  but,  as  a  rule,  few  attempts  are  made  even  to  grow  the 
commonest  vegetables  for  family  requirements,  and  dependence  for 
supplies  is  placed  on  Chinese  gardeners,  whose  gardens  are  generally 
to  be  found  dotted  about  the  country,  especially  in  the  more  largely 
populated  districts.  The  raising  of  vegetables,  the  selling  of  fruit,  and 
the  hawking  of  goods  would  seem  to  be  almost  entirely  in  the  hands  of  the 
Chinaman,  the  Italian,  the  Syrian,  and  the  Indian  ;  despite  the  fact  that 
a  considerable  proportion  of  the  white  colonial  population  consists  of 
unemployed  men  tramping  through  the  country  in  search  of  work,  and 
dependent  on  the  hospitality  of  the  settlers. 
Considering  the  little  difficulty  there  is,  in  most  seasons,  in  producing 
a  sufficiency  of  fruits  and  vegetables  for  a  family’s  requirements  in 
most  parts  of  the  colony,  it  is  incomprehensible  that  the  settlers  or 
farmers  do  not  grow  everything  they  need.  Instances  have  been  known 
where  vegetables  were  brought  hundreds  of  miles  to  localities  in  which 
the  same  kinds  could  be  grown  to  perfection  with  little  trouble.  In  some 
cases  Chinamen  will  travel  from  forty  to  fifty  miles  carting  vegetables 
to  settlers  who  have  soil  sufficiently  rich  to  grow  all  they  need,  if  they 
took  the  trouble  to  devote  but  an  hour  or  two  each  day  to  the  work. 
In  the  neighbourhood  of  Sydney  flower  gardening  has  been  made  a 
remunerative  occupation  by  reason  of  the  growing  demand  for  bouquets, 
wreaths,  and  floral  ornaments,  but  the  continual  expansion  of  the 
metropolitan  suburbs  is  driving  the  older  nurseries  farther  afield.  A  con¬ 
siderable  business  is  done  by  nurserymen  and  florists  in  Palms  of  various 
kinds,  especially  Iventia  Belmoreana,  which  is  indigenous  to  Lord  Howe 
Island,  and  succeeds  admirably  in  gardens  about  Sydney,  and  when 
planted  with  Tree  Ferns  grows  freely  and  quickly,  and  is  wonderful^ 
effective. 
The  bush  house  is  one  of  the  most  useful  of  structures  in  connection 
with  the  garden  in  all  the  warm  parts  of  New  South  Wales.  In  it  a 
multitude  of  plants  can  be  grown  which  would  be  liable  to  perish  in  the 
hot  sun.  It  can  be,  and  is,  constructed  of  all  sorts  of  material,  sometimes 
Tea  Tree  brush,  laths,  bamboo  blinds,  and  indeed  anything  that  will 
break  the  rays  of  the  sun  without  altogether  obstructing  them.  In 
numerous  gardens  about  the  metropolis  and  large  towns  there  are  glass 
buildings  where  tender  exotics  of  climates  warmer  than  that  of  New 
South  Wales  are  grown  as  successfully  as  in  any  part  of  the  world. 
Everything  indicates  that  the  colonial  taste  for  floriculture  is  improving 
rapidly,  and  will  continue  to  improve — a  result  due  in  some  measure  to 
the  fact  that  there  are  many  excellent  gardeners,  professional  and 
amateur,  in  the  colony.  A  large  proportion  of  the  Potatoes  and  other 
vegetables  consumed  in  New  South  Wales  is  imported  from  Victoria, 
where  market  gardening  is  more  largely  in  the  hands  of  white  men  than 
in  the  older  colony. 
The  vegetable  products  of  Chinese  gardens  are  mostly  of  poor  quality, 
insipid  and  watery,  owing  to  the  peculiar  method  of  overwatering  and 
overmanuring  adopted.  Although  these  vegetables  are  of  such  inferior 
character  they  are  absolute  blessings  in  many  places  where  the  colonists 
either  will  not  or  cannot  grow  those  they  need.  Vegetables  of  excellent 
quality  can  be  produced,  even  in  dry  districts,  with  little  irrigation, 
if  they  be  properly  managed  ;  but  unless  a  Chinaman  has  a  super¬ 
abundance  of  water  he  is  lost.  With  a  fair  supply  of  water  and 
experienced  labour  almost  every  description  of  vegetable  known  in  Europe 
or  America  can  be  grown  with  ease,  generally  yielding  abundant  crops. — 
J.  Plummer,  Sydney ,  N.S.  W. 
