November  24,  1898.  JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
of  Beckenham,  who  is  employed  daily  in  London  from  9  A.M.  to  7  P.M.  ; 
yet  he  trenches  with  his  own  hands  all  the  available  parts  of  his  garden 
in  the  autumn  by  lamplight,  and  won  fifty-three  prizes  in  1897,  also  the 
silver  medal  as  the  most  successful  amateur  exhibitor  at  the  great 
Co-operative  Festival  Show  held  at  the  Crystal  Palace  in  August  of  the 
6ame  year.”  A  would  undoubtedly  be  eligible  as  an  amateur  to  exhibit 
at  the  .Royal  Horticultural  Society’s  shows,  and  also  at  those  of  the 
National  Amateur  Gardeners’  Association,  but  for  the  implied  circum¬ 
stance  of  the  gardener  doing  potting  and  other  light  work  in  the  green¬ 
house,  because  the  amateur  under  the  rules  of  the  N.A.G.A.  must  do  all 
except  “rough”  work  of  the  nature  indicated  “with  his  own  hands.” 
Committees  of  local  societies  should  state  clearly  in  their  schedules  what 
is  meant  for  the  purpose  of  exhibiting  at  such  shows  by  an  amateur,  and 
the  i emulations  must  then  be  complied  with,  whatever  they  are,  as  any 
clear  departure  from  them  would  justify  disqualification. 
Mushrooms  from  under  Laurels  {Mushroom). — The  Mushrooms  found 
growing  under  some  Laurels  with  Oak  and  Ash  trees  above  them  are 
the  variety  of  the  common  Mushroom  named  Agaricus  campestris  var. 
silvicola,  Vittadini,  and  with  all  the  other  varieties  of  the  species  are 
edible.  They,  however,  are  much  stronger  smelling,  and  on  that 
account  more  desirable  for  ketchup  than  for  cooking  purposes.  This 
variety'  frequently  grows  in  woods  where  there  are  a  quantity  of  leaves 
along  with  several  others,  including  the  very  variable  cultivated  one 
A.  c.  hortensis,  and  great  care  is  necessary  in  gathering  them  so  ns 
not  to  include  poisonous  species.  Those  with  a  good  Knowledge  of  field 
and  cultivated  Mushrooms  can  hardly  make  a  mistake  in  this  respect, 
taking  care  that  the  gills  are  pink  when  young  and  the  smell  that  of 
Mushrooms. 
Names  of  Fruits.  —  Notice.  —  We  have  pleasure  in  naming  good 
typical  fruits  (when  the  names  are  discoverable)  for  the  convenience  of 
regular  subscribers,  who  are  the  growers  of  such  fruit,  and  not  col¬ 
lectors  of  specimens  from  non-subscribers.  This  latter  procedure  is 
wholly  irregular,  and  we  trust  that  none  of  our  readers  will  allow 
themselves  to  be  made  the  mediums  in  infringing  our  rules.  Special 
attention  is  directed  to  the  following  decision,  the  object  of  which  is 
to  discourage  the  growth  of  inferior  and  promote  the  culture  of  superior 
varieties.  In  consequence  of  the  large  number  of  worthless  Apples  and  Pears 
sent  to  this  office  to  be  named ,  it  has  been  decided  to  name  only  specimens  and 
varieties  of  approved  merit,  and  to  reject  the  inferior,  which  are  not  worth 
sending  or  growing.  The  names  and  addresses  of  senders  of  fruits  or 
flowers  to  be  named  must  in  all  cases  be  enclosed  with  the  specimens, 
whether  letters  referring  tp  the  fruit  are  sent  by  post  or  not.  The 
names  are  not  necessarily  required  for  publication,  initials  sufficing  for 
that.  Only  six  specimens  can  be  named  at  once,  and  any  beyond  that 
number  cannot  be  preserved.  They  should  be  sent  on  the  first  indication  of 
change  towards  ripening.  Dessert  Pears  cannot  be  named  in  a  hard  green  state. 
{  W.  F.).— 4,  Hanwell  Souring  ;  5,  Round  Winter  Nonesuch  ;  6,  Cuil  Tail ; 
7,  Winter  Codlin  ;  8,  Normanton  Wonder  (Wellington)  ;  12,  Gascoyne’s 
Seedling.  (J.  H.). — The  Pears  are  probably  local  varieties;  the  dark 
one  was  coarse  in  llesh  and  worthless,  and  the  lighter  one  quite  rotten. 
( H .  E.  M.'). — 1,  Hanwell  Souring  ;  2,  possibly  Hambledon  Deux  Ans  : 
3  and  4,  unfortunately  stalldess,  but  we  suspect  both  to  be  seedling 
variations  of  tho  Red  Baldwin  ;  5,  Winter  Russet  ;  6,  Round  Winter 
Nonesuch.  ( E .  R.  W.). — 1  and  5,  Durondeau  ;  4  and  6,  GIou  Morgeau. 
In  each  case  we  think  thri  slight  differences  are  due  to  stock  influence. 
( Danetree ). — Pears  :  1,  Doyenne  du  Comice  ;  2,  Glou  Morgeau  prematurely 
ripened.  Apples  :  1,  Dredge’s  Fame  2,  Adam’s  Pearmain  ;  3,  not 
known,  probably  local  ;  4,  Round  Winter  Nonesuch.  ( E .  D.). — Queen 
Caroline.  {Alec). — 1,  Bergamot  Sageret ;  2,  possibly  a  small  fruit  of 
Uvedale’s  St.  Germain  ;  3,  Pitmaston  Duchess  ;  4,  Winter  Russet ;  5, 
Barehard’s  Seedling  ;  6,  Wellington.  {W.  F.  M.). — 1,  Wollaton  Pippin; 
2,  Hambledon  Deux  Ans  ;  3,  Barchard’s  Seedling  ;  4,  not  known,  probably 
local ;  5,  Five-crowned  Pippin  ;  6,  Bcurrfi  Duval.  Presumably  all  the 
specimens  are  from  old  trees.  {S.  A”)  — A  fine  specimen  of  Beurrc 
Hardy.  {J.  E.  D.)  — 1,  Striped  Beefing  ;  2,  Devonshire  Queen  ;  3,  Cox’s 
Pomona  ;  4,  imperfect  fruit,  unrecognisable  ;  5,  Duchesse  d’Angouleme  ; 
6,  Durondeau.  {A  C.)  — 1,  malformed,  possibly  Beurrfi  Superfin  ;  2, 
Buerrc  Berckmans  ;  3,  resembles  an  early- ripened  fruit  of  Marie  Benoist ; 
4,  Beurr6  Capiaumont ;  5,  Hanwell  Souring  ;  G,  small  Winter  Nelis. 
Names  of  Plants. — We  only  undertake  to  name  species  of  cultivated 
plants,  not  wild  flowers,  or  varieties  that  have  originated  from  seeds  and 
termed  florists’  flowers.  Flowering  specimens  are  necessary  of  flowering 
plants,  and  Fern  fronds  should  bear  spores.  Specimens  should  arrive  in 
a  fresh  state  in  securely  tied  firm  boxes.  Thin  paper  boxes  arrive  in  a 
flattened  state.  Slightly  damp  moss,  soft  green  grass,  or  leaves  form  the 
best  packing,  dry  wool  or  paper  the  worst.  Those  arrive  in  the  best 
condition  that  are  so  closely  or  firmly  packed  in  soft  green  fresh  grass,  as 
to  remain  unmoved  by  shaking.  No  specimens  should  be  sent  to  rest  in 
the  post  office  over  Sunday,  on  which  day  there  is  no  delivery  of  postal 
matter  in  London.  Specimens  in  partially  filled  boxes  are  invariably 
injured  or  spoiled  by  being  dashed  to  and  fro  in  transit.  Not  more  than 
six  specimens  can  be  named  at  once,  and  the  numbers  should  be  visible 
without  untying  the  ligatures,  it  being  often  difficult  to  separate  them 
when  the  paper  is  damp.  ( H .  F.  F.). — Tricyrtis  hirta  ;  see  note  and 
illustration  on  page  406.  {W.  Li). — 1,  Laelia  anceps  ;  2,  Cypripedium 
caudatum.  ( E .  0.). — 1,  Impatiens  Hookeri  ;  2,  Centropogon  Lucyanus  ; 
3,  Woodwardia  radicans ;  4,  Pteris  serrulata  cristata.  {N.  D.).—  1, 
Lycaste  Skinneri  ;  2,  Laelia  autumnalis  ;  3,  Iloya  carnosa.  {C.  C.). — 
1,  Lomaria  gibba  ;  2,  Cyrtomium  falcatum  ;  3,  Adiantum  cuneatum 
grandiceps.  {Capet)  — Osmanthus  japonicus. 
409 
COVENT  GARDEN  MARKET. — Nov.  23rd. 
FRUIT. 
8.  d. 
8.  d. 
s.  d. 
s.  d. 
Apples,  J  sieve 
...  1  3  to  3  6 
Lemons,  case  . 
30  0to6Q  0 
Cobs  . 
...  50  0 
55  0 
St.  Michael’s  Pines,  each 
2  6 
5  0 
Grapes,  lb . 
...  0  10 
1  6 
..  -  » 
VEGETABLES. 
8.  d. 
s.  d. 
s.  d. 
s.  d. 
Asparagus,  per  100  ... 
...  0  0  to  0  0 
Mustard  and  Cress,  punnet 
0  2  to  0  4 
Beans,  4  sieve  . 
...  0  0 
0  0 
Onions,  bushel . 
3  6 
4  0 
Beet,  Red,  doz . 
...  1  0 
0  0 
Parsley,  doz.  bnchs . 
2  0 
3  0 
Carrots,  bunch . 
...  0  3 
0  4 
Parsnips,  doz . 
1  0 
0  0 
Cauliflowers,  doz.  ... 
...  2  0 
3  0 
Potatoes,  cwt . 
2  0 
4  0 
Celery,  bundle . 
...  1  0 
0  0 
Salsafy,  bundle . 
1  0 
0  0 
Coleworts,  doz.  bnebs. 
...  2  0 
4  0 
Scorzonera,  bundle . 
1  6 
0  0 
Cucumbers . 
...  0  4 
0  8 
Seakale,  basket . 
1  6 
1  0 
Endive,  doz . 
...  1  3 
1  6 
Shallots,  lb . 
0  3 
0  0 
Herbs,  bunch  . 
...  0  3 
0  0 
Spinach,  pad  . . 
0  0 
0  0 
Leeks,  bunch  . 
...  0  2 
0  0 
Sprouts,  £  sieve  . 
1  6 
1  9 
Lettuce,  doz . 
...  1  3 
0  0 
Tomatoes,  lb . 
0  4 
0  9 
Mushrooms,  lb . 
...  0  6 
8 
Turnips,  bunch . 
0  3 
0  4 
PLANTS 
IN  POTS. 
8.  d. 
8.  d. 
s.  d. 
-  b.  d. 
Arbor  Vitae,  var.,  doz. 
...  6  0to36  0 
Ficus  elastica,  each . 
1  0  to  7  0 
Aspidistra,  doz. 
...  18  0 
36  0 
Foliage  plants,  var.,  each 
1  0 
5  0 
Aspidistra,  specimen 
...  5  0 
10  6 
Lilium  Harriai,  doz. 
12  0 
18  0 
Crotons,  doz . 
...  18  0 
24  0 
Lycopodiums,  (loz . 
3  0 
4  0 
Dracaena,  var.,  doz.... 
...  12  0 
30  0 
Marguerite  Daisy,  doz.  ... 
6  0 
9  0 
Dracaena  viridis,  doz. 
...  9  0 
18  0 
Myrtles,  doz . 
6  0 
9  0 
Erica  various,  doz.  ... 
...  9  0 
24  0 
Palms,  in  var.,  each 
1  0 
15  0 
Euonymus,  var.,  doz. 
...  6  0 
18  0 
,,  specimens  . 
21  0 
G3  0 
Evergreens,  var.,  doz. 
...  4  0 
.18  0 
Pelargoniums,  scarlet,  doz. 
4  0 
6  0 
Ferns,  var.,  doz. 
...  4  0 
18  0 
9  9  99 
8  0 
10  0 
„  small,  100  ... 
...  4  0 
8  0 
Solanums,  doz . 
6  0 
12  0 
AVERAGE  WHOLESALE  PRICES.- 
-CUT  FLOWERS. — Orchids  in  variety. 
s.  d. 
8.  d. 
s.  d. 
s.  d. 
Asparagus,  Fern,  bunch...  2  0  to  2  6 
Marguerites,  doz.  bnchs. 
2  0  to  3  0 
Bouvardias,  bunch  ... 
...  0  4 
0  6 
Maidenhair  Fern,  doz. 
Carnations,  12  blooms 
...  1  0 
2  0 
bnchs.  ...  ...  ... 
4  0 
6  0 
Chrysanthemums,  per  bch.  0  3 
2  0 
Mignonette,  doz.  bnchs. ... 
1  6 
3  0 
„  specimen 
Narcissus,  doz.  bnchs.  ... 
5  0 
6-  0. 
blooms,  per  doz.  2  0 
5  0 
Orchids,  var.,  doz.  blooms 
1  6 
9  0 
Eucharis,  doz . 
...  3  0 
4  0 
Pelargoniums,  doz.  bnchs. 
4  0 
6  0 
Gardenias,  doz. 
...  1  0 
2  0 
Roses  (indoor),  doz . 
2  0 
4  0 
Geranium,  scarlet,  doz. 
,,  Red,  doz . 
2  0 
0  0 
bnchs^  •••  •••  ••• 
...  0  6 
0  9  1 
,,  Tea,  white,  doz.  ... 
2  0 
3  0 
Lapageria  (white)  ... 
...  1  6 
2  0 
,,  Yellow,  doz.  (Perles) 
2  0 
3  0 
(red)  ••• 
...  1  0 
1  3 
,,  Safrano(English)doz. 
1  0 
2  0 
Lilium  lancifolium,  white  3  0 
4  0  j 
,,  Pink,  doz . 
2  0 
4  0 
,,  „  pink  3  0 
4  0 
Smilax,  bunch . 
1  6 
2  0 
,,  longiflorum,  12  blooms  G  0 
8  0 
Violets 
0  9 
2  6 
Lilac,  bunch  . 
...  5  0 
6  0  5 
„  Parme,  bunch 
2  9 
3  0 
Lily  ofthe  Valley,  12  sprays  0  9 
1  6: 
THE  ADVANTAGES  OF  COLD. 
Open  weather  is  all  very  well — it  is  pleasant,  it  puts  off  winter,  it 
enables  us  to  economise  our  artificial  foods,  we  get  arrears  of  work  out 
of  hand,  men  are  in  full  employ.  In  a  season  like  the  present,  where,, 
after  a  prolonged  drought,  the  land  was  like  iroD,  this  beautiful 
St.  Martin’s  summer  is  welcome  indeed.  The  long  delayed  rains  fell 
plenteously,  the  land  became  workable,  and  corn  sowing  was  the 
business  of  the  hour.  The  Mangold  plant  received  a  fresh  lease  of  life,, 
and  materially  increased  in  bulk. 
But  there  is  a  danger  that  open  weather  may  last  too  long.  Ask 
the  farm  horses.  They  had  the  heavy  toil  of  harvest  and  the  heavier 
toil  of  turning  over  the  land  for  next  year’s  crop  ;  then  came  all  the 
carting  of  the  precious  Potatoes  and  the  equally  precious  Mangolds; 
then  every  odd  hour  was  filled  up  with  “  muck”  leading,  so  that  the 
horses  have  had  their  full  meed  of  work.  And  work  in  damp,  muggy 
weather  over  clogging  land  or  heavy  roads  is  work  indeed. 
A  timely  snowfall  would  keep  new  sown  Wheat  snug  and  warm, 
and  would  obviate  the  necessity'-  of  the  tenting  boy — he  is  a  necessity 
where  larks  abound,  and  the  marvel  is  where  these  ubiquitous  birds 
come  from.  They  rise,  as  it  were,  out  of  the  ground,  and  instinct 
