July  2d,  189!). 
JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
67 
Judging  Cottage  Gardens  (  W.  T.). — The  lists  you  wend  are  quite 
useless.  A  number  of  crops  growing  in  different  gardens  can  only  be 
properly  judged  by  correctly  determining  the  number  of  merit  marks 
deserved  by  each,  and  attaching  these  marks  as  the  examination  proceeds, 
with  others  that  may  be  merited  for  cleanliness,  good  order,  and  the 
intelligent  arrangement  and  proportion  of  the  crops.  VV’e  have  known 
two  competent  men  in  carrying  out  this  system  not  to  differ  to  the  extent 
of  one  point  or  mark  in  a  hundred.  In  case  of  doubt  go  over  the  gardens 
again  on  the  lines  suggested. 
Diseased  China  Asters  (A.  II.  E.) — The  plants  are  suffering  from 
what  is  termed  “ sickness,”  but  we  failed  to  discover  the  Aster  worm, 
Knchytrneus  parvulus,  or  any  form  of  ‘‘  white  worm,”  such  as  is  commonly 
associated  with  decay  in  the  root-stems  of  Asters.  Clovers,  Cucumbers, 
Bamboos,  Vegetable  Marrows,  and  other  plants.  VV’e,  however,  found  an 
eelworm,  Tylenohus  obtusus,  in  the  first  bit  of  diseased  root-stern 
examined.  The  external  tissues  were  perfectly  healthy,  both  above  and 
below  ground,  except  at  the  point  of  the  radicle,  which  was  black  and 
dead,  while  the  lateral  roots  were  quite  white  and  healthy,  but,  of  course, 
above  the  point  of  emission  of  the  radicle  by  the  seed.  In  the  dead  woody 
parts  were  resting  spores  of  the  fungus  named  Fusarium  solani,  or  a  not 
apparently  different  body.  There  were  not,  however,  any  outgrowths,  but 
these  may  appear  on  the  dead  parts  later  on.  The  fungus  we  consider 
the  cause,  the  eelworm  probably  assisting  to  break  down  the  sickly  plants, 
induced,  we  consider,  by  continual  cropping  in  the  same  ground,  though 
•we  have  practised  it  much  longer  than  in  your  case.  We  advise  a  change 
of  land  for  the  Asters  in  future.  A  dressing  of  lime,  1  cwt.  per  rod, 
applied  hot,  left  on  the  surface  for  a  few  days,  and  then  forked  in,  has 
a  good  effect  on  infested  land,  treating  in  autumn  during  dry  weather. 
If  a  dressing  of  kainit,  10^  lbs.  per  rod.  be  supplied  shorMy  afterwards, 
trouble  from  the  fungus,  eelworm,  or  whiteworrn  will  he  avoided. 
Fungus  on  Broad  Bean  Leaf  '  W.  U.  II.). — The  fungus  giving  rise  to 
the  Brnall  brown  spots  on  the  upper  surface  of  one  leaflet,  and  destroying 
the  tissues,  as  well  as  the  yellow  specks  on  the  other  two  leaflets,  which 
have  some  b>-own  pustules  on  the  under  side  and  a  few  on  the  upper,  is 
the  Bean  rust,  now  in  the  summer  spore  condition,  called  by  botanists 
Credo  or  Trichobasis  Fabae,  hut  in  some  of  the  older  pustules  are  a  few 
winter  resting,  or  teleuto  spores,  the  final  stage  of  the  fungus  Puccinia 
Fabae.  The  fungus  has  no  connection,  so  far  as  we  are  aware,  with 
Puccinia  Chrysanthcma;,  which  certainly  was  introduced  into  this  country 
as  plasma  on  or  in  imported  plants.  Not  having  found  the  Chrys¬ 
anthemum  leaf  rust  on  any  native  naturalised  plant  in  Britain,  and  failed 
to  induce  germination  on  those  of  the  same  tribe,  wo  do  not  consider  you 
have  anything  to  fear  from  the  Bean  rust.  But  as  the  Puccinias  must 
have  had  a  common  origin,  and  may  be  capable  of  variation  under 
peculiarly  favourable  circumstances,  we  should  make  assurance  doubly 
sure  by  destroying  the  parasite  on  the  Beans,  treating  them  with  the 
paraffin  you  have  found  so  successful  in  combating  that  of  the  Chrys¬ 
anthemum.  We  have  not  heard  of  any  cases  of  Chrysanthemum  fungus 
lately,  still  we  advise  growers  to  he  on  the  alert,  and  keep  a  very  strict 
■watch  on  imported  plants,  whether  Continental  or  American,  as  well  as 
on  plants  from  diseased  parents. 
Acacia  Wood  (Nottingham). — The  common  Acacia  (Robinia  pseud- 
acacia)  has  been  used  for  fencing  purposes  in  this  country,  and  we  know  one 
instance  where  a  post  had  been  standing  for  at  least  forty  years  and  retained 
all  its  solidity.  The  tree  is  very  ornamental  and  useful,  and  is  the  same 
which  was  introduced  some  years  ago  from  America  under  the  name  of 
the  Locust  tree.  In  Dr.  Hogg’s  “  Vegetable  Kingdom”  we  find  the 
following  “  It  grows  abundantly  all  over  North  America,  from  Canada 
to  the  Southern  States  ;  and  is  there  highly  valued  for  the  hardness  and 
-durability  of  its  wood.  It  was  with  it  that  most  of  the  houses  were  built 
which  sheltered  the  Pilgrim  Fathers,  and  founded  the  city  of  Boston.  The 
wood,  when  green,  is  of  a  soft  texture,  but,  when  dry,  is  very  hard,  close 
grained,  and  finely  veined  ;  and  in  America  is  more  valued  by  cabinet 
makers  than  any  timber  whatever.  For  the  axle  trees  of  carriages,  when 
such  were  made  of  wood,  it  was  in  great  requisition,  and  it  makes  excellent 
trenails  in  shipbuilding.  For  agricultural  purposes  it  has  been  found  very 
useful,  both  for  posts  and  rails,  and  gate-posts,  as  it  stands  the  action  of 
wet  and  dry,  at  the  -surface  of  the  ground,  better  than  any  other  timber 
in  common  use.  A  cnbic  foot  of  the  wood  in  a  dry  state  weighs  from 
48  to  58  lbs.  If  we  compare  its  toughness,  in  an  unseasoned  condition, 
with  that  of  oak,  it  will  not  be  more  than  0  08  less.  Its  stiffness  is  equal 
to  099  of  oak,  and  its  s,rength  nearly  0 ‘90  ;  but  were  it  properly  seasoned 
it  might  l>e  found  much  superior  to  oak  in  strength,  stiffness,  and  tough¬ 
ness.  A  piece  of  unseasoned  Acacia  2  feetO  inches  long  and  1  inch  square 
in  the  vertical  section  broke  when  loaded  with  a  weight  of  247  lbs.  As  an 
•ornamental  tree,  the  Acacia  is  well  worthy  of  notice,  its  graceful  foliage 
and  profusion  of  fragrant  flowers  rendering  it  peculiarly  adapted  for 
parks  and  pleasure  grounds.” 
Names  of  Plants. — We  only  undertake  to  name  species  of  cultivated 
plants,  not  wild  flowers,  or  varieties  that  have  originated  from  seeds  and 
termed  florists’  flowers.  Flowering  specimens  are  necessary  of  flowering 
plants,  and  Fern  fronds  should  bear  spores.  Specimens  should  arrive  in 
a  fresh  state  in  securely  tied  firm  boxes.  Thin  paper  boxes  arrive  in  a 
flattened  state.  Slightly  damp  moss,  soft  green  grass,  or  leaves  form  the 
best  packing,  dry  wool  or  paper  the  worst.  Those  arrive  in  the  best 
condition  that  are  so  closely  or  firmly  packed  in  soft  green  fresh  grass,  as 
to  remain  unmoved  by  shaking.  No  specimens  should  lie  sent  to  rest  in 
the  post  office  over  Sunday,  on  which  day  there  is  no  delivery  of  postal 
matter  in  London.  Specimens  in  partially  filled  boxes  are  invariably 
injured  or  spoiled  by  being  dashed  to  and  fro  in  transit.  Not  more  than 
six  specimens  can  be  named  at  once,  and  the  numbers  should  ho  visible 
without  untying  the  ligatures,  it  being  often  difficult  to  separate  them 
when  the  psper  is  damp.  (.7.  II.  Monanthes  muralis ;  8, 
Crassula  cordata ;  9,  Fcheveria  Peacock  i ;  10,  Crassula  perforata; 
11,  Sed  uin  dasyphyllurn  ;  12,  Cotyledon  adunoa.  ( C .  I).  ./.). — 1, 
Kuonymus  verrucosus  ;  2,  Crataegus  tomentosa  ;  3,  Fuonymus  europaeus  ; 
4,  Staphylea  pinnata  ;  5,  Cornus  Mas.  (Ignoramus). — 1.  Convolvulus 
minor  ;  2,  Echinops  Ritro ;  3,  Achillea  ptarrniea  fi.-pl, ;  4,  Linum 
tcnuifolium.  Peaches- and  Nectarines  cannot  he  named  without  fully 
developed  leaves,  and  information  as  to  whether  the  flowers  are  large 
or  small. 
COVENT  GARDEN  MARKET.— July  19th. 
AVERAGE  WHOLESALE  PRICES.— FRUIT. 
Apples,  Tasmanian,  case 
s.  d.  s.  d. 
18  Oto  20  0 
Melons  . 
8. 
1 
d.  h. 
0  to  3 
d. 
0 
Cherries.  J  sieve  . 
5 
0 
8 
0 
Nectarines,  per  doz. 
3 
0 
12 
0 
.,  cooking,  sieve  of  24  lbs. 
5 
0 
a 
6 
Peaches,  per  doz . 
3 
0 
15 
0 
Currants,  red,  per  sieve  ... 
6 
0 
« 
0 
Pears,  Californian,  case... 
6 
0 
8  0 
,,  black,  per  sieve 
5 
0 
« 
0 
Pines,  St.  Michael’s,  each 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Figs,  green,  per  doz. 
3 
n 
6 
0 
Plums,  per  box . 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Gooseberries,  ^  sieve 
2 
9 
0 
0 
,,  Californian,  case... 
8 
0 
12 
0 
Greengages,  box  of  40  to  48 
1 
0 
1 
t) 
Raspberries,  doz.  punnets 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Grapes,  black  . 
1 
0 
3 
0 
Strawberries,  outdoor,  bskt 
0 
6 
i 
6 
Lemons,  case  . 
14 
0 
36 
0 
„  peek  . 
3 
0 
6 
0 
AVERAGE  WHOLESALE  PRICES.— VEGETABLES. 
Artichokes,  green,  doz.  ... 
s.  d.  s.  d. 
1  0  to  2  0 
s.  d.  s.  d. 
Lettuce,  doz .  1  3  to  0  0 
A  ubergine,  per  doz . 
1  6 
2  0 
Mu“hrooms,  lb .  0  6 
0  0 
Beans,  1  sieve . 
4  6 
r,  6 
Mustard  and  Cress,  punnet  0  2 
0  0 
,,  Longpods,  £  bushel 
1  6 
0  0 
Onions,  bag,  about  1  cwt.  5  6 
0  0 
,,  Scarlet,  £  sieve  ... 
4  0 
5  0 
Parsley,  doz.  bunches  ...  2  0 
4  0 
Beet,  Red,  doz . 
1  0 
0  0 
Peas,  per  bushel  .  2  0 
4  0 
Cabbages,  per  tally . 
7  0 
0  0 
Potatoes,  cwt .  2  0 
6  0 
Carrots,  per  doz . 
3  0 
4  0 
.,  new .  9  0 
Shallots,  lb .  0  3 
11  0 
Cauliflowers,  doz . 
2  0 
4  0 
0  0 
Celery,  new,  per  bundle... 
1  9 
0  0 
Spinach,  per  bushel .  0  0 
Tomatoes,  per  doz.  lbs.  ...  2  0 
4  0 
Cucumbers . 
0  4 
0  0 
4  6 
Endive,  doz . 
1  8 
1  6 
Turnips,  bunch .  0  3 
0  4 
Herbs,  bunch  . 
0  3 
0  0 
,  Vegetable  Marrows,  doz.  3  0 
4  0 
Leeks,  bunch  . 
0  2 
0  0 
Tomato  trade  very  bad ;  arrivals  heavy. 
AVERAGE  WHOLESALE  PRICES.— CUT  FLOWERS. 
b.  d. 
8.  d. 
s.  d. 
s.  d. 
Anemones,  doz.  bunches... 
1  6  to  2  0 
Lily  of  the  Valley,  12  sprays 
0  4  to  1  0 
Arums  . 
8  0 
4  0 
Marguerites,  doz.  bnchs. 
3  0 
4  0 
Asparagus,  Fern,  bunch... 
2  0 
2  6 
Maidenhair  Fern,  doz. 
Azalea,  white,  doz.  bnchs. 
8  0 
4  0 
bnchs . 
4  0 
6  0 
Carnations,  12  blooms  ... 
1  6 
8  0 
Mignonette,  doz.  bunches 
4  0 
6  0 
Daffodils,  single  yellow, 
Narcissus,  doz.  bnchs.  ... 
1  0 
2  0 
bell.  12  blooms  . 
0  6 
0  8 
Orchids,  var.,  doz.  blooms 
1  6 
9  0 
Daffodils,  double,  bunches 
0  4 
0  6 
Pelargoniums,  doz.  bnchs. 
4  0 
6  0 
Eucharis,  doz . 
2  0 
3  0 
Pmonies,  doz.  bnchs. 
4  0 
8  0 
Freesia,  doz.  bnchs. 
2  0 
3  0 
Roses  (indoor),  doz . 
2  0 
3  0 
Gardenias,  doz . 
1  0 
2  0 
„  Red,  doz . 
2  0 
4  0 
Geranium,  scarlet,  doz. 
„  Tea,  white,  doz.  ... 
2  0 
3  0 
bnchs . 
4  0 
6  0 
„  Yellow,  doz.  (Perles) 
2  0 
3  0 
Hyacinths,  Roman,  bunch 
0  4 
0  6 
„  Safrano,  doz . 
2  0 
2  6 
Ins,  per  doz.  bunches 
6  0 
12  0 
Smilax,  bunch . 
3  0 
4  0 
Lilium  Harrisi,  12  blooms 
,,  longifiorum,  12  blooms 
3  0 
4  0 
Tulips,  bunch . 
0  4 
0  6 
4  0 
6  0 
PLANTS 
IN  POTS. 
b.  d. 
s.  d. 
s.  d. 
s.  d. 
Arbor  Vitse,  var.,  doz.  ... 
Aspidistra,  doz . 
6  Oto 36  0 
Foliage  plants,  var.,  each 
1  0  to  5  0 
18  0 
36  0 
Fuchsias,  doz . 
4  0 
6  0 
Aspidistra,  specimen 
5  0 
10  6 
Heliotropes,  doz . 
4  0 
6  0 
Boron  ias  . 
12  0 
18  0 
Hydrangeas  . 
6  0 
10  0 
Crotons,  doz . 
18  0 
24  0 
Lilium  Harrisi,  doz. 
12  0 
18  0 
Dracama,  var.,  doz . 
12  0 
80  0 
Lycopodiums,  doz . 
Marguerite  Daisy,  doz.  ... 
3  0 
4  0 
Dracaena  viridis,  doz. 
9  0 
18  0 
6  0 
8  0 
Erica  various,  doz . 
9  0 
24  0 
Myrtles,  doz . 
6  0 
9  0 
Euonymus,  var.,  doz. 
6  0 
18  0 
Palms,  in  var.,  each 
1  0 
15  0 
Evergreens,  var.,  doz.  ... 
4  0 
18  0 
„  specimens  . 
21  0 
63  0 
Ferns,  var.,  doz . 
4  0 
18  0 
Pelargoniums,  scarlet,  doz. 
4  0 
6  0 
„  small,  100  . 
4  0 
8  0 
Solan  urns,  doz . 
6  0 
12  0 
Ficus  elastica,  each . 
1  0 
7  0 
Stocks . 
4  0 
6  0 
Bedding  out  plants  in  variety  from  3s.  doz. 
TRADE  CATALOGUES  RECEIVED. 
Takaghi  k  Co.,  ICO,  Komagome  Deuchu,  Tokio,  Japan. —  WMesale 
Price  List. 
Thames  Bank  Iron  Company,  Upper  Ground  Street,  Blackfriars. _ 
Tra/Ie  Price  List. 
Pea  Gr.Olty  OF  Devon. — Correction. — By  a  printer’s  error  we  stated 
on  page  27  among  the  certificates  and  awards  of  merit  that  Pea  Glory  of 
Devon  was  shown  by  J.  Veitch  k  Sons.  This  was  not  the  case,  as  it  was 
exhibited  by  the  Exeter  firm  of  Robert  Veitch  k  Son. 
