July  27,  1899. 
JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
91 
liquor  from  gas  works,  diluted  with  five  times  its  bulk  of  water,  and 
applied  to  the  stem,  limbs,  and  branches  with  a  stiff  brush,  taking  care 
not  to  allow  running  down,  yet  reaching  into  every  crack,  acts  w’ell  on 
the  pest  if  done  thoroughly.  The  various  advertised  insecticides  are  also 
effective.  Syringe  with  hot  water,  if  nothing  else  can  be  bad  ;  but  there 
is  nothing  like  a  brush,  somewhat  stiff,  for  scale,  and  that  surcharged 
with  methylated  spirit,  tar  water,  or  gas  liquor,  as  before  stated. 
Names  of  Plants. — We  only  undertake  to  name  species  of  cultivated 
plants,  not  wild  flowers,  or  varieties  that  have  originated  from  seeds  and 
termed  florists’  flowers.  Flowering  specimens  are  necessary  of  flowering 
plants,  and  Fern  fronds  should  bear  spores.  Specimens  should  arrive  in 
a  fresh  state  in  securely  tied  firm  boxes.  Thin  paper  boxes  arrive  in  a 
flattened  state.  Slightly  damp  moss,  soft  green  grass,  or  leaves  form  the 
best  packing,  dry  wool  or  paper  the  worst.  Those  arrive  in  the  best 
condition  that  are  so  closely  or  firmly  packed  in  soft  green  fresh  grass,  as 
to  remain  unmoved  by  shaking.  No  specimens  should  be  sent  to  rest  in 
the  post  office  over  Sunday,  on  w'hich  day  there  is  no  delivery  of  postal 
matter  in  London.  Specimens  in  partially  filled  boxes  are  invariably 
injured  or  spoiled  by  being  dashed  to  and  fro  in  transit.  Not  more  than 
six  specimens  can  be  named  at  once,  and  the  numbers  should  be  visible 
without  untying  the  ligatures,  it  being  often  difficult  to  separate  them 
when  the  paper  is  damp.  ’  (/.  M. j. — As  has  been  many  times  stated, 
the  last  time  on  page  67.  July  20th,  Peaches  and  Nectarines  cannot  be 
named  without  fully  developed  leaves,  and  information  as  to  the  flowers 
being  large  or  small.  This  information  did  not  arrive  till  the  fine,  though 
crushed,  fruit  was  decayed.  It  is  probably  the  excellent  variety  Grosse 
Mignonne.  There  is  a  Nectarine  named  Balgowan.  (G.  II.  F.). — 1, 
Solidago  virgaurea  ;  2,  Harpalium  rigidum  Miss  Hellish  ;  3,  Chrysan¬ 
themum  maximum  ;  4,  Veronica  spicata  ;  5,  Scabiosacaucasica.  ( F PI). 
— 1,  CEnothera  Lamarckiana  :  2,  Spiraea  Billardi ;  3,  Polemonium 
cceruleum  variegatum  ;  4,  CEnothera  taraxacifolia  alba ;  5,  Inula 
glandulosa  ;  6,  Olearia  Haasti.  (B.  P.  J.). — Laelia  crispa  ;  the  Fern  is 
Adiantum  Pacotti.  (H.  M.). — 1,  Asparagus  deflexus  ;  2,  A.  Sprengeri. 
(J.  M.).~  1,  The  Loquat  (Eriobotrya  japonica')  ;  2,  Sedum  :glaucum  ; 
3,  S.  acre  ;  4,  Taxus  baccata,  the  common  Yew  ;  5,  Rose  Campion 
(Agrostemma  coronaria). 
GARDENERS’  CHARITABLE  AND  PROVIDENT 
INSTITUTIONS 
The  Gardeners’  Royal  Benevolent  Institution. — Secretary, 
Mr.  G.  J.  Ingram,  175,  Victoria  Street,  S.W. 
United  Horticultural  Benefit  and  Provident  Society.— 
Secretary,  Mr.  W.  Collins.  9,  Martindale  Road.  Balham.  London,  S.W. 
Royal  Gardeners’  Orphan  Fund.—  Secretary,  Mr.  Brian  Wynne, 
8,  Danes  Inn. 
COVENT  GARDEN  MARKET— July  26th. 
AVERAGE  WHOLESALE  PRICES.— FRUIT. 
8.  d. 
8.  d. 
8. 
d. 
8.  d. 
Apples,  Tasmanian,  case 
13  Oto  20  0 
Melons  . each 
1 
0  to  3  0 
Cherries.  b  sieve  . 
5  0 
8  0 
,,  Rock  .  „ 
2 
0 
4  0 
..cooking,  sieve  of  24  lbs. 
4  0 
5  0 
Peaches,  per  doz . 
n 
O 
0 
12  0 
Currants,  red.  per  sieve  ... 
5  0 
6  0 
Pears,  Californian,  case... 
6 
0 
8  0 
,,  black,  per  sieve 
5  0 
6  0 
Pines,  St.  Michael’s,  each 
3  0 
6  0 
Figs,  green,  per  doz. 
3  9 
6  0 
Plums,  ner  box . 
1 
6 
2  0 
Gooseberries.  b  sieve 
2  9 
0  0 
,,  Californian,  case... 
Raspberries,  doz.  punnets 
8 
0 
12  0 
Greengages,  box  of  40  to  48 
1  0 
1  6 
3 
0 
6  0 
Grapes,  black  ...  . . 
1  0 
3  0 
Strawberries,  outdoor,  bskt 
,,  peck  . 
0 
6 
1  6 
Lemons,  case  . 
Nectarines,  per  doz. 
14  0 
0  0 
3 
0 
4  0 
3  0 
9  0 
Arrivals  of  Cherries  heavy. 
AVERAGE  WHOLESALE  PRICES.— VEGETABLES. 
s.  d. 
s.  d. 
s.  d. 
s.  d. 
Artichokes,  green,  doz.  ... 
Aubergine,  per  doz . 
1  0  to  2  0 
Lettuce,  doz . 
1  3  to  2  0 
1  6 
2  0 
Mushrooms,  lb . 
0  6 
0  0 
Beane,  b  sieve . 
2  6 
3  6 
Mustard  and  Cress,  punnet 
0  2 
0  0 
„  Longpods,  i  bushel 
1  0 
0  0 
Onions,  bag,  about  1  cwt. 
4  0 
4  6 
„  Scarlet,  b  sieve  ... 
2  6 
3  0 
Parsley,  doz.  bunches  ... 
2  0 
4  0 
Beet,  Red,  doz . 
Cabbages,  per  tally . 
1  0 
0  0 
Peas,  per  bushel  . 
3  0 
6  0 
7  0 
n  o 
Potatoes,  cwt . 
2  0 
6  0 
Carrots,  per  doz . 
3  0 
4  0 
new . 
5  0 
10  0 
Cauliflowers,  doz . 
2  0 
4  0 
Shallots,  lb . 
0  3 
0  C 
Celery,  new,  per  bundle  ... 
Cucumbers,  doz . 
1  9 
0  0 
Spinach,  per  bushel . 
0  0 
4  0 
2  0 
4  0 
Tomatoes,  per  doz.  lbs.  ... 
2  0 
4  6 
Endive,  doz . 
1  6 
2  0 
Turnips,  bunch . 
0  3 
n  4 
Herbs,  bunch  . . 
0  3 
0  0 
Yegetable  Marrows,  doz. 
1  6 
2  0 
Leeks,  bunch  . 
0  2 
0  0 
Tomato  trade  firmer; 
arrivals  heavy. 
AVERAGE  WHOLESALE 
PRICES.— CUT  FLOWERS. 
8.  d. 
8.  d. 
s.  d. 
s.  d. 
Arums  . 
3  0  to  4  0 
Maidenhair  Fern,  doz. 
Asparagus,  Fern,  bunch...  2  0  2  6 
Carnations,  12  blooms  ...  1  6  3  0 
Eucbaris,  doz .  4  0  6  0 
‘Gardenias,  doz .  16  2  6 
Geranium,  scarlet,  doz. 
bnchs .  4  0  6  0 
Iris,  per  doz.  bunches  ...  6  0  12  0 
Lilium  Harrisi,  12  blooms  3  0  4  0 
.,  longiflorum,  12  blooms  4  0  6  0 
Lily  of  the  Valley,  12  sprays  8  0  15  0 
Marguerites,  doz.  bnchs.  3  0  4  0  1 
bncbs . 
Mignonette,  doz.  bunches 
Orchids,  var.,  doz.  blooms 
Pelargoniums,  doz.  bnchs. 
Roses  (indoor),  doz . 
„  Red,  doz . 
„  Tea,  white,  doz.  ... 
,,  Yellow,  doz.  (Perles) 
„  Safrano,  doz.  ., 
Smilax,  bunch . 
4  0  to  6 
4  0  6 
1  6 
4  0 
2  0 
2  0 
2  0 
2  0 
2  0 
8  0 
4  0 
3  0 
3  0 
2  6 
4  0 
PLANTS  IN  POTS. 
s.  d. 
s.  d. 
8.  d. 
8.  d. 
Arbor  Vitse,  var.,  doz. 
...  6  Oto 36  0 
Foliage  plants,  var  each 
1  0  to  5  0 
Aspidistra,  doz. 
...  18  0 
36  0 
Fuchsias,  doz . 
4  0 
6  0 
Aspidistra,  specimen 
...  15  0 
20  0 
Heliotropes,  doz  . 
4  0 
6  0 
Boronias  . 
...  12  0 
18  0 
Hydrangeas  . 
6  0 
10  O 
Crotons,  doz . 
...  18  0 
24  0 
Lilium  Harrisi,  doz 
12  0 
18  0 
Dracaena,  var.,  doz.... 
...  12  0 
30  0 
Lycopodiums,  doz  . 
3  0 
4  0 
Dracaena  viridis,  doz. 
...  9  0 
18  0 
Marguerite  Daisy,  doz,  ... 
6  0 
8  0 
Erica  various,  doz.  ... 
...  30  0 
60  0 
Myrtles,  doz.  ... 
6  0 
9  0 
Euonymus,  var.,  doz. 
...  6  0 
18  0 
Palms,  in  var..  each 
1  0 
15  0 
Evergreens,  var.,  doz. 
...  4  0 
18  0 
,,  specimens  . 
21  0 
63  0 
Ferns,  var.,  doz. 
...  4  0 
18  0 
Pelargoniums,  scarlet,  doz. 
4  0 
6  0 
,,  small,  100 
...  4  0 
8  0 
Stocks . 
4  0 
6  0 
Ficus  elastica,  each ... 
...  1  0 
7  0 
Bedding  out  plants  in  variety  from  3s.  doz. 
THE  GREAT  EXODUS. 
A  greater  and  more  important  movement  than  the  ODe  chronicled 
by  the  prophet  Moses. 
The  effect  of  that  exodus  has  been  seen  and  felt,  aud  we  know  all 
that  can  be  known  of  it  and  its  results.  Of  this  other  exodus  we  at 
present  know  little,  nor  can  we  divine  where  the  end  will  be — of  that 
our  children  will  write  and  speak.  It  is  only  of  late  years  that  this 
movement  has  been  observed,  but  now  every  day  sees  the  circle 
widening  and  the  travellers  increasing.  An  active,  trained,  energetic 
man  is  soon  roused,  his  lethargic  neighbour  slumbers  on — you  can 
rouse  him,  and  then  perhaps  he  requires  a  great  deal  of  coaxing  to 
become  dormant  again.  He  has  got  an  idea  and  he  keeps  it,  whether 
right  or  wrong. 
If  in  the  course  of  a  long  life  a  labourer  migrated  from  one  parish 
to  another,  it  was  the  extent  of  his  travels.  Distance  had  no  charm 
for  him.  His  little  world  centred  round  his  own  church  tower  or 
within  reach  of  his  favourite  chapel.  All  were  his  friends  and  early 
companions,  he  craved  no  other ;  he  was  shy  of  strangers,  doubtful  of 
their  honesty,  perfectly  assured  of  their  inferiority  to  himself  and  his 
people.  The  fields  were  his  own  by  right  of  the  tilling  he  gave  them, 
and  he  desired  nothing  better  than  to  work  as  his  fathers  had  done  on 
the  same  farm,  the  daily  monotony  being  the  joy  of  his  life. 
He  knew  of  no  other  world  save  and  except  perhaps  that  far 
distant  terra  incognita  America,  and  he  considered  those  who  went 
there  were  doing  an  awfully  risky  thing.  They  might  return — they 
generally  did  nc.t.  Town  life  was  to  him  abhorrent ;  the  crowd,  the 
noise,  the  hurry  of  life,  dazed  and  wearied  without  gratifying,  and  he 
thankfully  sought  again  his  peaceful  home.  His  aspirations  for  his 
sons  were  that  they  might  plough  a  straight  furrow,  take  the  prize 
for  the  best  built  stack,  and  rise  to  the  dizzy  height  of  farm  foreman 
or  small  working  farmer.  The  girls  could  find  places  in  the  houses  of 
the  gentry,  that  were  in  many  cases  training  schools  in  miniature. 
The  vicarage,  too,  must  be  supplied,  and  the  large  farmers  required 
useful  strong  servants  to  minister  to  the  wants  of  the  great  house¬ 
hold,  consisting  as  they  did  of  master,  mistress,  children,  and  farm 
servants,  where  all  the  baking  and  brewing  was  done  at  home, 
quantities  of  poultry  reared,  and  sucking  calves  fed. 
Take  the  village  of  to-day ;  go  round  to  the  houses  of  the  best 
labourers  ;  ask  where  their  sons  and  daughters  are.  First  look  at  the 
parents  ;  all  verging  on  middle  age,  no  young  lusty  men  among  them. 
The  young  folks  are  scattered  to  the  four  winds ;  London  gets  the 
better  half.  Those  who  have  taken  kindly  to  education  are  now  found 
in  the  schools,  on  bank  stools,  as  shop  walkers.  Policemen  are 
recruited  greatly  from  what  used  to  be  the  agricultural  centres. 
Thousands  go  on  “the  line”  in  one  capacity  or  other.  The  smart 
“  light  weights  ”  turn  to  the  racing  stables,  or  become  second  horse¬ 
men,  or  dapper  grooms.  Some  few  take  to  the  woods  as  keepers,  and 
they  continue  most  in  touch  with  the  land.  Some  others  turn  to 
