August  17,  1699. 
JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER, 
Early  Vegetables  on  Frnit  Borders  (Scotland). — It  is  more  or  less  detri¬ 
mental  to  fruit  trees  to  crop  the  borders  with  early  Potatoes,  Cabbages, 
and  other  crops  ;  but  we  have  practised  it  for  many  years,  and  had  good 
crops  of  both  vegetables  and  fruits.  The  thing  is  not  to  disturb  the  roots 
by  cropping  too  near  the  stems  of  the  fruit  trees,  and  manure  for  the 
vegetable  crops  liberally,  but  not  too  excessively,  so  as  to  induce  rank 
growth  in  the  fruit  trees  and  poor  crops  of  fruit. 
Azalea  indica  from  Cuttings  (  W.  K.  B.). — Most  of  the  plants  culti¬ 
vated  in  this  country  are  obtained  by  grafting  choice  varieties  on  a 
vigorous  growing  common  Azalea,  and  in  this  manner  they  can  be  the 
most  quickly  grown  to  a  serviceable  size.  Cuttings  are  not  difficult  to 
root,  and  own-root  plants  are  usually  the  dwarlest  in  habit.  The 
cuttings  should  be  made  from  young  or  this  season's  growth,  which  is 
now  sufficiently  firm  for  the  purpose.  They  ought  to  be  about  3  inches 
long,  cut  to  a  joint,  and  the  lower  leaves  trimmed  off.  A  bell-glass 
will  be  needed  for  covering  them,  and  the  pot  used  should  be 
just  large  enough  to  enclose  this  inside  of  the  rim.  Well  drain  the 
pot,  fill  firmly  with  sandy  pttat,  and  finish  with  a  thick  surfacing  of 
silver  sand.  Insert  the  cuttings  thickly,  taking  care  that  they  touch 
the  bottom  of  the  holes,  and  to  fix  them  firmly,  then  give  water  through 
a  fine  rose  and  cover  with  the  bell-glass.  A  gentle  beat,  or  from  55°  to 
00°,  is  necessary,  and  the  cuttings  must  be  carefully  shaded.  After  they 
are  rooted,  which  is  a  slow  process,  remove  them  to  a  cooler  house,  and 
gradually  remove  the  bell-glass.  Pot  singly  in  thumb  pots,  and  keep 
them  in  a  close  frame  till  they  have  rooted  into  the  fresh  soil  (fine  peat 
and  sand),  pinch  out  their  points,  and  keep  them  steadily  growing,  a 
larger  shift  being  given  as  needed. 
Grubs  in  Raspberries  (Journeyman). — You  should  have  sent  specimens. 
The  insect  that  is  found  m  the  larval  state  in  the  fruit  of  the  Raspberry  is 
probably  the  grub  or  larva  of  the  Raspberry  beetle  (Byturus  tornentosus j. 
It  often  causes  gTeat  havoc,  sometimes  destroying,  or  rendering  the 
whole  crop  worthless.  The  beetle  is  about  one-sixth  of  an  inch  long  by 
half  as  much  broad,  reddish  brown,  covered  with  grey  pubescence ;  eyes 
black,  limbs  dull  yellow.  The  females  bore  holes  in  the  flower  buds,  and 
the  larvae  live  in  the  fruit,  which  generally  ripens.  When  mature,  the 
larvae  shelter  themselves  in  cracks  of  the  bark  on  the  Raspberry  canes  and 
there  form  cocoons  and  become  pupae.  The  beetles  emerge  in  spring,  and  the 
females  ascend  the  canes  to  deposit  their  eggs.  Then  is  the  time  to  destroy 
them.  Sheets  spread  on  the  ground  in  the  daytime  and  the  plants  shaken 
over  them  after  dark  capture  great  nurnl<er»,  but  some  use  shallow  wooden 
trays  smeared  with  gas  tar  round  the  sides,  which  prevents  the  escape  of 
the  insects,  the  trays  being  placed  under  the  bushes,  which  are  shaken 
over  them  after  dark.  The  insects  thus  raptured  are  easily  killed  by 
flouring  boiling  water  on  them  in  the  trays.  The  females,  however, 
sometimes  remain  on  the  plants  by  day,  hence  sheets  should  be  spread 
on  the  ground  without  disturbing  the  plants,  and  the  hushes  then  sharply 
shaken,  which  will  cause  them  to  fall  on  the  sheets,  where  they  can 
readily  be  captured  and  destroyed,  as  they  are  better  seen  by  daylight 
than  lamplight.  Generally  the  beetles  harbour  by  day  under  clods,  and 
are  very  fond  of  hiding  under  pieces  of  old  tree  bark.  These  laid  on  the 
ground  and  seen  to  daily  in  the  spring  are  a  good  means  of  riddance. 
The  catching  should  commence  directly  the  flower  buds  appear,  and  he 
continued  until  most  of  the  fruit  is  set.  The  fertilised  females  are  most 
abundant  when  the  flowers  are  ‘bowing  colour,  hut  they  feed  on  the 
plants  before  that  time,  and  that  is  the  time  to  set  about  their  destruction 
at  night. 
Hames  of  Plants. — We  only  undertake  to  name  tpeciet  of  cultivated 
plants,  not  wild  flowers,  or  varieties  that  have  originated  from  seeds  and 
termed  florists’  flowers.  Flowering  specimens  are  neces-ary  of  flowering 
plants,  and  Fern  fronds  should  bear  spores.  Specimens  should  arrive  In 
a  fresh  state  in  securely  tied  firm  boxes.  Thin  paper  boxes  arrive  in  a 
flattened  state.  Slightly  damp  moss,  soft  green  grass,  or  leaves  form  the 
best  packing,  dry  wool  or  paper  the  worst.  Those  arrive  in  the  best 
condition  that  are  so  closely  or  firmly  packed  in  soft  green  fresh  grass,  as 
to  remain  unmoved  by  shaking.  No  specimens  should  be  sent  to  rest  in 
the  post  office  over  Sunday,  on  which  day  there  is  no  delivery  of  postal 
matter  in  London.  Specimens  in  partially  filled  boxes  are  invariably 
injured  or  spoiled  by  being  dashed  to  and  firo  in  transit.  Not  more  than 
six  specimens  can  be  named  at  once,  and  the  numbers  should  be  visible 
without  untying  the  ligatures,  it  being  often  difficult  to  separate  them 
when  the  paper  is  damp.  (A.  W.). — 1,  Galeop-is  Tetrahit  ;  2,  Crinum 
amabile  ;  3,  Diplacns  glutinosus  :  4,  Gypsophila  elegans.  (Amateur 
Reader). —  1,  Kaulfussia  amelloides  ;  2,  Ophiopogori  jaburan  vanegatum  : 
3,  I. ilium  lancifolium  rubrum  ;  4,  Spirea  Menziesi  ;  5,  Sedum  pulchellum  ; 
6,  Fuchsia  procumbens.  (G.  II.  B.). — 1,  Gymnogramroa  chrysophylla ; 
2,  Adiantum  rubellum  ;  3, 1’teris  serrulata  cristata  ;  4,  Lygodium  scandens 
(japonica)  ;  5,  Polypodium  aureum  8,  A  -plenium  bulbiferum.  (  W.  G.  C.). 
— 1,  Selaginella  caesia  2,  S.  denticulata  ;  3,  Lastrea  filix-fcernina  : 
4,  Odontoglossum  crispum,  very  poor  form. 
TRADE  CATALOGUES  RECEIVED. 
W.  Boll,  Chelsea. — B'xP/s. 
Ell»  anger  &  Barry,  Rochester,  N  Y. — Strawberries  arvl  BuPn. 
W.  Fromow  k  Sons,  Chiswick. — Bui'  % 
E.  H.  Krelage  k  Son.  Haarlern,  Holland. — BuPji. 
J.  R.  Pearson  &  Sons,  Lowdbarn  Nurseries,  Nottingham. — Autumn 
Lid. 
L.  Spae-Vandermealen,  Ghent — Specdl  Tra'k  Liet. 
Sutton  k  Sons,  Reading. — BulU. 
•J.  Veitch  k  Sons,  Ltd  ,  Chelsea. — BuPt,  StrauJjtrriet. 
155 
00 VENT  GARDEN  MARKET. — August  16th. 
AVERAGE  WHOLESALE  PRICES. — FRUIT. 
«.  d. 
«.  d. 
8.  d. 
8.  d. 
Apple*,  English,  per  sieve 
2  0 
to  3  0 
Melons  . each 
1  0  to  3  0 
Ch»-rries.  |  sieve'  . 
9  0 
14  0 
„  Rock  .  „ 
2  0 
4  0 
„  cooking,  sieve  of  24  lbs. 
4  0 
5  0 
Nectarines,  per  doz. 
3  0 
9  0 
Currants,  red,  per  sieve  ... 
r>  o 
6  0 
Peaches,  per  doz . 
8  0 
12  0 
„  black,  per  sieve 
5  0 
ti  0 
Pears,  Californian,  case... 
3  0 
8  0 
Figs,  green,  per  doz. 
3  0 
0  0 
,,  French  Williams’, 
Gooseberries;  sieve . 
2  9 
0  0 
88  to  66  in  a  case 
4  0 
6  0 
Greengages,  box  of  40  to  46 
1  8 
2  3 
Pines,  Ht.  Michael’s,  <-acb 
8  0 
8  0 
Grapes,  black  . 
0  o 
8  0 
Plums,  English,  per  sieve 
6  0 
7  0 
Lemons,  case  . 
14  0 
20  0 
,,  Californian,  case... 
4  0 
8  0 
Greengages,  French,  sieve 
9  0 
12  0 
Raspberries,  doz.  punnets 
8  0 
9  0 
AVERAGE  WHOLESALE 
PRICES.— VEGETABLES. 
h.  d. 
8.  d. 
«.  d. 
s.  d. 
Artichokes,  green,  doz.  ... 
1  0  to  2  0 
Leeks,  bunch  . 
0  2  to  0  0 
Aubergine,  per  doz . 
1  6 
2  0 
Lettuce,  doz . 
1  3 
2  0 
Bean*,  ^  sieve . 
2  0 
3  8 
M  u*h  rooms,  lb . 
0  6 
1  0 
,,  Longpods,  |  bushel 
1  0 
0  0 
Mustard  and  Cress,  punnet 
0  2 
0  0 
,,  Scarlet,  sieve 
2  6 
3  0 
Onions,  bag,  about  1  cwt. 
4  0 
4  6 
Beet,  Red,  doz . 
o  a 
0  0 
Parsley,  doz.  bunches  ... 
2  0 
4  0 
Cabbage*,  per  tally . 
7  0 
0  0 
Peas,  per  bushel  . 
8  0 
6  0 
Carrots,  per  doz . 
2  0 
3  0 
Potatoes,  new,  cwt . 
6  0 
8  0 
Cauliflowers,  doz . 
2  0 
8  0 
Shallots,  lb . 
0  8 
0  0 
Celery,  new,  per  bundle  ... 
Cucumbers,  doz . 
1  9 
0  0 
Spinach,  per  bushel . 
0  0 
4  0 
2  0 
4  0 
Tomatoes,  per  doz.  lbs.  ... 
2  0 
4  6 
Endive,  doz . 
1  6 
2  0 
Turnips,  bunch . 
0  3 
n  4 
Herbs,  bunch  . 
0  8 
0  0 
Vegetable  Marrows,  doz. 
1  0 
1  6r 
AVERAGE  WHOLESALE 
PRICES.— CUT  FLOWERS. 
b.  d. 
8  d. 
8.  d. 
8.  d. 
Arums  . 
3  0  to  4  0 
Marguerites,  doz.  bnchs. 
Mignonette,  doz.  bunches 
3  0  to  4  0 
Asparagus,  Fern,  bunch... 
Carnations,  12  blooms  ... 
2  0 
2  6 
4  0 
6  0 
1  0 
2  0 
Montbretia,  per  bunch  ... 
1  0 
1  6- 
Eucharis,  doz . 
4  0 
8  0 
Orchids,  var.,  doz.  blooms 
3  0 
18  0 
Gardenias,  doz . 
1  0 
2  a 
Pelargoniums,  doz.  bnchs. 
4  0 
6  0 
Geranium,  scarlet,  doz. 
Roses  (indoor),  doz . 
2  0 
8  0 
bnchs . 
4  0 
6  0 
„  Red,  doz . 
1  0 
2  0 
Liliurn  Ifarrisi,  12  blooms 
3  0 
4  0 
,,  Tea,  white,  doz. 
,,  Yellow,  doz.  (Perles) 
1  6 
2  6- 
„  longifiorum,  12  blooms 
4  0 
6  0 
2  0 
3  0 
Lily  of  tbe  Valiev,  12  sprays 
0  0 
10  0 
„  Safrano,  dOz . 
2  0 
2  6 
Maidenhair  Fern,  doz. 
Brnilax,  bunch . 
3  0 
4  0 
bnchs . 
4  0 
8  0 
FLAM’S 
IN  POTS. 
h.  d. 
8.  d. 
8.  d. 
8.  d.. 
Arbor  Vitas,  var.,  doz.  ... 
8  0  to  80  0 
Foliage  plants,  var.,  each 
1  0  to  5  0 
Aspidistra,  doz . 
18  0 
88  0 
Fuchsias,  doz . 
4  0 
6  0 
Aspidistra,  specimen 
16  0 
20  0 
Heliotropes,  doz . 
4  0 
6  0 
Boron  ia*  . 
12  0 
IS  0 
Hydrangeas  . 
8  0 
10  0 
Crotons,  doz . 
IS  0 
80  0 
Liliurn  Harrisi,  doz. 
12  0 
18  0 
Dracsena,  var.,  doz . 
12  0 
30  0 
Lycopodiums,  doz . 
Marguerite  Daisy,  doz.  ... 
3  0 
4  0 
Drachma  viridis,  doz. 
9  0 
18  0 
6  0 
8  0 
Erica  various,  doz . 
30  0 
80  0 
Myrtles,  doz . 
6  0 
9  0 
Euonymus,  var.,  doz. 
e  o 
18  0 
Palms,  in  var.,  each 
1  0 
16  0 
Evergreens,  var.,  doz.  ... 
4  0 
18  0 
„  8j>ecirn*;n8  . 
21  0 
63  0 
Ferns,  var.,  doz . 
4  0 
18  0 
Pelargoniums,  scarlet,  doz. 
4  0 
6  0 
„  small.  100  . 
4  0 
8  0 
Stocks . 
4  0 
C  0 
Ficus  elastlca.  each . 
1  8 
7  8 
Bedding  out  plants  in  variety  from  3s.  doz. 
THE  AGRICULTURAL  PUZZLE. 
Well,  we  will  call  it  “difficulty.”  What  is  the  chief  difficulty 
which  confronts  the  farmer  at  the  present  day  V  It  is  not  the  difficulty 
of  making  ends  meet  ;  it  is  not  that  of  keeping  his  live  stock  healthy 
and  thriving.  No;  it  is  that  of  getting  the  work  of  the  farm  done  at 
all — that  ia  to  say,  in  a  workmanlike  way.  The  question  of  cost, 
wr.ich  in  other  businesses  is  the  first  consideration,  ha^  here  to  take 
a  second  place,  but  in  itself  is  a  matter  serious  enough,  for  if  the 
labourer  were  to  take  his  wages  out  in  Wheat  to-day  at  market 
price  he  would  receive  three  times  as  much  per  week  as  he  would  have 
done  forty  years  ago. 
The  {/rice  of  Wheat  has  fallen  more  than  any  agricultural 
commodity,  but  other  articles  have  declined  in  price  as  well,  and  we 
fancy  that  a  calculation  of  the  purchasing  power  of  the  wages  of  the 
farm  labourer  would  show  a  very  startling  contrast  to  such  a  one- 
