August  24,  1899. 
JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
173 
SABBATIA  CAMPESTRIS. 
The  flower,  “  F.  W.,”  represents  Sabbatia  campestris.  The  Sabbatias 
are  a  small  genus  of  North  American  plants,  chiefly  b:ennials  or  annuals, 
bearing  showy,  brightly  coloured  flowers.  They  can  be  readily  raised 
from  seeds  either  sown  out  of  doors  in  a  sheltered  border  or  in  pots  under 
glass.  S.  campestris  is  one  of  the  very  showiest  of  our  hardy  outdoor 
annuals,  having  deep  rosy-lilac  flowers.  It  grows  from  6  inches  to  a  foot 
high,  and  is  of  branching  habit.  The  flowers  are  nearly  2  inches  in 
diameter.  It  grows  well  in  ordinary  garden  soil,  and,  from  the  time  the 
flowers  keep  fresh  after  cutting,  is  very  useful  for  purposes  of  decoration. 
It  flowers  from  June  to  September.  The  woodcut  (hg.  36)  represents  a 
spray  with  several  flowers. 
CLEMATIS. 
Of  all  the  climbing  plants  that  are  used  for  outdoor  effects  in  this 
country  probably  none  is  more  popular  than  the  different  Clematis,  with 
their  brilliant  colours,  and  free,  graceful  growth,  their  long  succession  of 
flowers,  and  their  all  round  usefulness  for  quickly  covering  bare  or 
unsightly  places.  They  are  easy  to  manage,  provided  a  rich  soil  and  a 
well-drained  position  are  assigned  to  them,  but  the  plants  must  on  no 
account  suffer  from  dryness  at  the  root,  Proper  attention  should  also  be 
paid  to  pruning.  This  varies  for  nearly  every  species  or  hybrid,  but, 
broadly  speaking,  those  which  flower  on  the  current  season’s  wood  should 
— in  winter  or  early  spring — be  cut  to  within  a  foot  or  two  of  the  ground, 
and  those  which  flower  on  the  old  wood  ought  merely  to  have  the  shoots 
thinned  without  being  shortened  back  or  the  flowering  wood  is  cut  away. 
Many  of  the  species  are  worthy  of  m  ire  extended  cultivation  than  they 
receive.  A  few  of  the  best  are  C.  campaniflora  from  Portugal  with  small 
light  mauve,  bell-shaped  flowers  ;  C.  coccinea,  a  herbaceous  species  from 
Texas  with  small  tubular  vermilion  and  yellow  flowers,  succeeding  best 
against  a  wall  or  in  a  warm  sheltered  position  ;  C.  flammula,  with  small 
white  sweet-scented  flowers  ;  C.  recta,  a  dwarf  herbaceous  species  with 
small  white  flowers  and  a  profuse  bloomer,  having  any  number  of  names 
for  its  slight  differences  of  habit  or  flowers  :  C.  integrifolia,  with  purple 
flowers  of  medium  size  ;  C.  vitalba,  the  well-known  Traveller’s  Joy  or 
Old  Man’s  Beard  ;  C.  montana,  the  early  white-flowered  Himalayan 
species  so  often  seen  in  villa  gardens  ;  C.  orientalis,  with  small  yellow 
flowers  ;  and  C.  viticella,  a  common  European  species,  in  its  different 
colours  of  purple,  red  and  white,  are  all  desirable  plants  and  easy  to 
cultivate. 
Of  the  hybrids  that  have  been  raised  it  is  almost  impossible  to  give 
a  selection,  as  all  are  equally  good,  and  what  one  person  might  call  the 
best,  another  would  probably  assign  to  a  far  lower  place.  The  well- 
known  purple  Jackmanni  and  its  white  form  Jackmanni  alba  ;  Gipsy 
Queen,  a  rich  velvety  purple  ;  magnifica,  purple,  with  reddish  bars  ; 
Anderson  Henyri,  with  large  creamy-white  flowers  ;  La  France,  deep 
violet-purple  ;  Duchess  of  Edinburgh,  a  fragrant  double  white  ;  and 
Beauty  of  Worcester,  rich  bluish-violet  flowers,  which  are  produced  both 
single  and  double  when  the  plant  first  commences  flowering,  but  are 
afterwards  entirely  single,  are  good  and  free-flowering,  and  cannot  fail 
to  give  satisfaction. 
The  large-flowered  hybrids  are  seen  to  the  best  advantage  when 
planted  in  a  bed  with  some  rough  stakes  to  climb  over.  The  centre 
stakes  should  be  higher  than  those  on  the  outside,  as  these  plants  become 
bare  at  the  bottom  in  the  course  of  a  year  or  two,  and  if  this  is  not 
guarded  against  a  top-heavy  looking  bed  will  be  the  result.  The  species, 
on  the  contrary,  remain  clothed  to  the  base. — C. 
BLADDER  SENNA. 
The  Woody  Bladder  Senna,  Colutea  arborescens,  is  not  commonly 
grown,  which  I  think  is  a  mistake,  as  flowering  shrubs  are  not  too 
plentiful  in  July  and  August.  True,  the  peduncles  of  bloom  are  not  as 
conspicuous  as  Spanish  Broom,  but  they  are  pretty,  Coronilla-like,  each 
peduncle  usually  bearing  about  six  yellow  flowers,  which  are  followed  by 
very  curious  bladder- like  fruit  or  seed-pod  receptacles,  imparting  to  the 
shrub  or  low-growing  tree — usually  6  to  10  feet  in  height — a  very  singular 
appearance.  It  is  deciduous,  readily  increased  by  seeds,  which  ripen  in 
abundance,  or  by  cuttings  inserted  in  sandy  soil  in  the  autumn.  One  of 
its  great  features  is  that  of  its  thriving  in  almost  any  situation. 
According  to  reports  of  travellers  it  grows  on  the  crater  of  Vesuvius, 
where  little  other  vegetation  exists,  but  is  a  native  of  Middle  and  South 
Europe,  in  hedges  and  bushy  places.  Smoke  and  sulphurous  fumes  make 
no  difference  to  this  curious  shrub,  as  on  the  embankments  of  some  of 
the  London  railways,  especially  near  Dalston  and  Hackney,  it  forms 
luxuriant  and  beautiful  bushes,  thriving  better  than  most  shrubs  under 
the  exacting  conditions.  Taking  this  into  consideration,  and  seeing  so 
many  railway  embankments,  with  heaps  of  rubbish  in  smoky  places, 
practically  devoid  of  vegetation,  that  cannot  either  be  termed  curious 
or  beautiful,  the  hint  here  thrown  out  may  be  useful  to  some  readers 
of  our  Journal  ;  but  of  its  fitness  for  such  positions  north  of  Hertfordshire 
I  have  no  experience. 
Can  any  correspondent  answer  for  the  doings  of  the  Woody  Bladder 
Senna  in  the  western  and  northern  manufacturing  towns?  Most  of  the 
Pea  family  succeed  in  smoky  districts,  the  species  or  varieties  being 
sufficiently  hardy  for  the  location.  Why  should  not  this  be  given  trial  ? 
— <5.  Abbey.  -  •- 
SHOWS. 
NATIONAL  CARNATION  AND  PICOTEE  SOCIETY. 
Northern  Section. — Aug.  11th. 
The  twenty-fifth  annual  exhibition  of  the  above  Society  was  held  in 
the  Coal  Exchange,  Manchester,  on  Friday,  August  11th.  Owing  to  the 
exceptional  heat  the  number  ot  exhibits  was  not  so  large  as  in  former 
years,  only  one  grower  from  the  Midlands  being  present.  Taken  on  the 
whole  the  quality  of  the  blooms  was  good  ;  yellow  grounds  and  Fancies 
being  particularly  flee. 
Twelve  Carnations,  bizarres  and  flakes,  dissimilar. — First,  Mr.  T. 
Lora.  Todmorden,  with  Gordon  Lewis,  J.  W.  Bentley.  Robert  Lord, 
Mrs.  Rowan,  C.  F.  Thurstan,  Sportsman,  Geo.  Melville,  Admiral  Curzon, 
Mrs.  Shaw,  Sarah  Payne,  and  Joe  Edwards.  Second,  Air.  J.  Whitham, 
Hebdeu  Bridge,  with  Gordon  Lewis,  Cristagalli,  Wra.  Skirving, 
Seedling,  Mrs.  T .  Lord,  Tom  Macreeth,  Geo.  Melville,  Mrs.  Barlow, 
Fig.  36.— Sabbatia  campestris. 
Master  Stanley,  Mayor  of  Nottingham,  Arline,  and  Robt.  Lord.  'Third, 
Messrs.  Artindale  &  Son,  Sheffield  ;  fourth,  Mr.  E.  Kenyon,  Shuttleworth. 
Six  Carnations,  bizarres  and  flakes,  dissimilar. — First,  Mr.  C.  Head, 
Hobden  Bridge,  with  Admiral  Curzon,  Edith  Annie,  Geo.  Melville,  Mrs. 
T.  Lord,  Harrison  Weir,  and  Othello.  Second,  Messrs.  Sutcliffe  and 
Uttley,  Hebden  Bridge,  with  Master  Fred,  Geo.  Melville,  Robt.  Houlgrave, 
Arline,  Sarah  Payne,  and  Sportsman.  Third,  Mr.  C.  F .  Thurstan, 
Wolverhampton;  fourth.  Mr.  D.  Walker,  Kilmarnock;  fifth,  Mr.  L.  B. 
Bleackley,  Hey  wood  ;  sixth.  Mr.  J.  W.  BenUe}',  Castleton  ;  seventh,  Mr. 
E.  Shaw,  Moston  ;  eighth,  Mr.  J.  Etherington. 
Twelve  Picotees,  white  grounds,  dissimilar. — First,  Mr.  T.  Lord, 
with  Heart’s  Deiight,  Mrs.  Foster.  Muriel.  Brunette,  Amy  Robsart, 
Harry  Kenyon,  Fortrose,  Polly  Brazil,  Mary  D.  Anstiss,  Thomas 
William,  Nymph,  and  Ganymede  Second,  Mr.  D.  Walker,  with  Mrs. 
Beswick,  Mr.  A.  Chancellor,  Mrs.  Payne,  Esther,  Polly  Brazil,  Harry 
Kenyon,  Brunette,  Acme,  Mrs.  Openshaw,  Ganymede,  Grace  Ward,  and 
Mrs.  Sharp.  Third,  Mr.  J.  Whitham.  Fourth,  Messrs.  W.  Artindale 
and  Son.  Fifth,  Mr.  L.  B.  Bleacklpy.  Sixth,  Mr.  E.  Kenyon. 
Six  Picotees,  white  grounds,  dissimilar. — First,  Mr.  C.  Head,  with 
Heart’s  Delight,  Nellie,  Royal  Visit,  Mrs.  Gorton.  Polly  Brazil,  and 
Brunette.  Second,  Mr.  C.  F.  Thurstan,  with  Polly  Brazil,  Nellie,  Fort- 
rose,  Pride  of  Leyton,  Mrs.  Payne,  and  Lady  Louisa.  Third,  Mr.  C.  F. 
Budenberg,  Marple.  Fourth.  Messrs.  Sutcliffe  &  Uttley.  Fifth,  Mr 
J.  W.  Bentley.  Sixth,  Mr.  E.  Shaw.  Seventh,  Mr.  J.  Etherington. 
Eighth,  Mr.  Jos.  Swindells. 
