September  28,  1899.  JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
283 
Names  of  Fruits. —  Notice. — We  have  pleasure  in  naming  good 
typical  fruits  (when  the  names  are  discoverable)  for  the  convenience  oi 
regular  subscribers,  who  are  the  growers  of  such  fruit,  and  not  col¬ 
lectors  of  specimens  from  non-subscribers.  This  latter  procedure  is 
wholly  irregular,  and  we  trust  that  none  of  our  readers  will  allow 
themselves  to  be  made  the  mediums  in  infringing  our  rules.  Special 
attention  is  directed  to  the  following  decision,  the  object  of  which  is 
to  discourage  the  growth  of  inferior  and  promote  the  culture  of  superior 
varieties.  In  consequence  of  the  large  number  of  worthless  Apples  and  Pears 
sent  to  this  office  to  be  named,  it  has  been  decided  to  name  only  specimens  and 
varieties  of  approved  merit,  and  to  reject  the  inferior,  which  are  not  worth 
sending  or  growing.  The  names  and  addresses  of  senders  of  fruits  or 
flowers  to  be  named  must  in  all  cases  be  enclosed  with  the  specimens, 
whether  letters  referring  to  the  fruit  are  sent  by  post  or  not.  The 
names  are  not  necessarily  required  for  publication,  initials  sufficing  for 
that.  Only  six  specimens  can  be  named  at  once,  and  any  beyond  that 
number  cannot  be  preserved.  They  should  be  sent  on  the  first  indication  oj 
change  towards  ripening.  Dessert  Pears  cannot  be  named  in  a  hard  green  state. 
The  practice  of  pinning  numbers  to  the  eyes  of  the  Iruits  tends  to  destroy  one 
of  the  most  characteristic  features  and  increases  the  difficulty  of  identifica¬ 
tion.  (/.  G.). — If  the  stalk  of  the  fruit  is  short  and  stout,  your  descrip¬ 
tion  answers  fairly  well  to  Bramley’s  Seedling  ;  but  the  tree  may  not  be 
of  that  variety.  We  cannot  tell  without  seeing  a  typical  fruit.  ( R.M.D .). 
— The  moment  the  paper  covering  was  removed  the  side  of  the  fragile 
box  fell  away  and  the  Apples  rolled  out,  and  as  they  were  neither 
wrapped  in  paper  with  the  numbers,  nor  these  attached  to  them,  we 
can  only  say  that  the  large  Apple  is  New  Hawthorndcn  ;  the  reddish 
conical  fruit  Emperor  Alexander  ;  the  green  angular  fruit  Yorkshire 
Greening.  The  yellowish  one  is  imperfect  at  the  base,  perhaps  Domino  ; 
the  small  one  unrecognisable  ;  and  the  Pear  crushed  beyond  identification. 
( C .  T.). — Bturrd  Hardy.  (/.  II.). —  1,  Worcester  Pearmain  ;  2,  unknown, 
probably  a  local  seedling  ;  8,  Duchessjof  Oldenburg  ;  4,  Winter  Codlin  ; 
5,  Ecklinville  Seedling  (small)  ;  6,  Herefordshire  Pearmain.  (/.  M.) — 
1,  Lew  is’  Incomparable  ;  2,  Williams’  Bon  Chretien  ;  3,  Windsor  (smalt). 
Names  of  Plants. — We  only  undertake  to  name  species  of  cultivated 
plants,  not  wild  flowers,  or  varieties  that  have  originated  from  seeds  and 
termed  florists’  flowers.  Flowering  specimens  are  necessary  of  flowering 
plants,  and  Fern  fronds  should  bear  spores.  Specimens  should  arrive  in 
a  fresh  state  in  securely  tied  firm  boxes.  Thin  paper  boxes  arrive  in  a 
flattened  state.  Slightly  damp  moss,  soft  green  grass,  or  leaves  form  the 
best  packing,  dry  wool  or  paper  the  worst.  Those  arrive  in  the  best 
condition  that  are  so  closely  or  firmly  packed  in  soft  green  fresh  grass,  as 
(o  remain  unmoved  by  shaking.  No  specimens  should  be  sent  to  rest  in 
the  post  office  over  Sunday,  on  which  day  there  is  no  delivery  of  postal 
matter  in  London.  Specimens  in  partially  filled  boxes  are  invariably 
injured  or  spoiled  by  being  dashed  to  and  fro  in  transit.  Not  more  than 
six  specimens  can  be  named  at  once,  and  the  numbers  should  be  visible 
without  untying  the  ligatures,  it  being  often  difficult  to  separate  them 
when  the  paper  is  damp.  ( Orchid  Grower). — 1,'  shrivelled,  apparently 
Cattleya  Gaskelliana  ;  2,  Laslia  pumila  Dayana  ;  3,  Cattleya  guttata 
raaculata,  an  uncommon  and  pretty  form.  ( H  H.). — 1  and  2,  probably 
Escallonias,  but  should  be  sent  when  in  flower  ;  3,  Begonia  corallina. 
GARDENERS’  CHARITABLE  AND  PROVIDENT 
INSTITUTIONS 
The  Gardeners’  Royal  Benevolent  Institution. — Secretary , 
Mr.  G.  J.  Ingram,  175,  Victoria  Street,  S.W. 
United  Horticultural  Benefit  and  Provident  Society.  - 
Secretary,  Mr.  W.  Collins,  9,  Martindale  Road,  Balham,  London,  S.W. 
Royal  Gardeners’  Orphan  Fund.-  Secretan,  Mr.  Brian  Wynne 
8,  Danes  Inn. 
COVENT  GARDEN  MARKET.— September  27tb. 
AVERAGE  WHOLESALE  PRICES.— FRUIT. 
Apples,  English,  per  sieve 
s.  d.  8.  d. 
2  0  to  3  0 
Nectarines,  per  doz. 
s.  d.  8.  d. 
3  0  to  6  0 
Cobnut i  per  100  lb . 
70  0 
0  0 
Peaches,  per  doz . 
3  0 
6  0 
Damsons  . 
4  0 
5  0 
Pears,  Californian,  case... 
3  0 
6  0 
Figs,  green,  per  doz. 
Grapes,  black  . 
1  0 
3  0 
Pines,  St.  Michael’s,  each 
1  0 
6  0 
0  6 
3  0 
Plums,  English,  per  sieve 
3  0 
5  0 
Lemons,  case  .  ... 
14  0 
20  0 
,,  Californian,  case... 
4  0 
8  0 
Melons  . each 
0  6 
1  6 
Walnuts,  fresh,  bushel  ...  20  0 
0  0 
.  ,,  Rock  .  „  19  2  6 
AVERAGE  WHOLESALE 
s.  d.  s.d. 
Trade  very  quiet. 
PRICES.— VEGETABLES. 
s. 
d. 
b.  d. 
Artichokes,  green,  doz.  ... 
1  0  to  2  0 
Lettuce,  doz . 
1  3  to  2  0 
Aubergine,  per  dez . 
1  6 
2  0 
Mu-hrooms,  lb . 
0  6 
1  0 
Beans,  £  sieve . 
2  6 
3  6 
Mustard  and  Cress,  punnet 
0  2 
0  0 
,,  Scarlet,  sieve 
2  6 
4  0 
Onions,  bag,  about  1  cwt. 
4  0 
4  6 
Beet,  Red,  doz . 
Cabbages,  per  tally . 
0  6 
0  0 
Parsley,  doz.  bunches  ... 
2  0 
4  0 
7  0 
0  0 
Peas,  per  bushel  . 
6  0 
8  0 
Carrots,  per  doz . 
2  0 
3  0 
Potatoes,  cwt . 
2  0 
5  0 
Cauliflowers,  doz.  ...  ... 
2  0 
3  0 
Shallots,  lb . 
Spinach,  per  bushel . 
0  3 
0  G 
Celery,  n  w,  per  bundle  ... 
Cucumbers,  doz . 
1  9 
0  0 
2  0 
4  0 
2  0 
4  0 
Tomatoes,  per  doz.  lbs.  ... 
2  0 
3  6 
Endive,  doz.  ...  . . 
1  6 
2  0 
Turnips,  bunch . 
0  3 
0  4 
Leeks,  bunch  . 
0  8 
0  0 
Vegetable  Marrows,  doz. 
1  0 
1  6 
Herbs,  bunch  . 
0  2 
0  0 
AVERAGE  WHOLESALE  PRICES.— CUT  FLOWERS. 
8.  d. 
8.  d. 
8.  d. 
s.  d. 
Arums  . 
3  0  to  4  0 
Lilyofthe Valley, 12  sprays 
12  0tol5  0 
Asparagus,  Fern,  bunch... 
2  0 
2  6 
Maidenhair  Fern,  doz. 
Carnations,  12  blooms  ... 
2  6 
3  6 
bnchs . 
4  0 
6  0 
Cattleyas,  per  doz . 
12  0 
18  0 
Marguerites,  doz.  bnchs. 
3  0 
4  0 
Cbrj  santhemums,  white 
Mignonette,  doz.  bunches 
4  0 
6  0 
doz.  blooms 
6  0 
9  0 
Montbretia,  per  bunch  ... 
1  0 
1  6 
,,  yellow  doz.  blooms 
5  0 
8  0 
Odontoglossums  . 
5  0 
7  6 
,,  bunches  var. 
0  6 
1  C 
Pelargoniums,  dozen 
Eucharis,  doz . 
4  0 
6  0 
bunches  . 
6  0 
9  0 
Gardenias,  doz . 
2  6 
3  6 
Roses  (indoor),  doz . 
2  0 
3  0 
Geranium,  scarlet,  doz. 
,,  Red,  doz . 
1  0 
2  0 
bnchs . 
6  0 
9  0 
,,  Tea,  white,  doz. 
1  6 
2  6 
Lilium  Harrisi,  12  blooms 
4  6 
5  6 
,,  Yellow,  doz.  (Perles) 
3  6 
5  0 
,,  lalicifolium  album  ... 
2  0 
3  0 
,,  Safrano,  doz.  ., 
2  0 
2  6 
,,  ,,  rubrum... 
2  0 
3  0 
Smilax,  bunch . 
3  0 
4  0 
„  longiflorum,  12  blooms 
4  0 
6  0 
PLANTS 
IN  POTS. 
8.  d. 
8.  d. 
s.  d. 
s.  d. 
Arbor  Vitas,  var.,  doz.  ... 
6  0to36  0 
Foliage  plants,  var.,  each 
1  0 
to  5  0 
Aspidistra,  doz . 
18  0 
36  0 
Fuchsias,  doz . 
4  0 
6  0 
Aspidistra,  specimen 
15  0 
20  0 
Heliotropes,  doz . 
6  0 
9  0 
Chrysanthemums,  per  doz. 
6  0 
8  0 
Lilium  Harrisi,  doz. 
18  0 
24  0 
Crotons,  doz . 
18  0 
eo  o 
Lilium  lancifoiium  album 
30  0 
40  0 
Dracaena,  var.,  doz .  12  0  30  0 
Dracaena  viridis,  doz.  ...  9  0  18  0 
Erica  various,  doz .  30  0  60  0 
Euonymus,  var.,  doz.  ...  6  0  18  0 
Evergreens,  var.,  doz.  ...  4  0  18  0 
Ferns,  var.,  doz .  4  0  18  0 
„  small,  100  4  0  8  0 
Ficus  elastics,  each .  16  7  6 
,,  ,,  rubrum  30  0  40  0 
Lycopodiums,  doz .  3  0  4  0 
Marguerite  Daisy,  doz.  ...  8  0  10  0 
Myrtles,  doz .  6  0  9  0 
Palms,  in  var.,  each  ...  10  15  0 
,,  specimens  .  21  0  63  0 
Pelargoniums,  scarlet,  doz.  6  0  8  0 
Bedding  out  plants  in  variety  from  3s.  doz. 
HOW  TO  SUMMER  DRAUGHT  HORSES. 
That  a  good  worker  should  be  well  fed  is  an  axiom  known  to  all. 
We  do  not  expect  great  speed  from  a  cart  horse,  but  we  do  expect 
great  endurance  and  strength.  .There  are  times  in  the  year  when  the 
horses  have  comparative  leisure.  These  times  should  be  times  of 
recuperation,  for  the  hard  days  have  been,  and  will  shortly  come 
again.  Sometimes,  too,  the  season  of  hard  work  is  much  prolonged 
by  untoward  weather.  Who  does  not  know  the  fearful  sirain  put 
on  horses,  when  for  day  after  day  the  heavy  manure  is  carted  along 
heavy  roads?  when,  in  spite  of  winter  weather,  the  poor  beasts  are 
covered  with  sweat,  the  damp  mugginess  being  as  great  a  trial  as  the 
actual  work? 
How  one  welcomes  a  sharp  frost — a  hard  solid  road  is  such  a  boon. 
Then,  again,  a  wet  summer  day  is  also  utilised  for  emptying  the  fold 
yard,  and  summer  rains  have  a  way  of  turning  field  road  crags  into 
sloughs  of  despond.  Turnip  time  demands  much  horse  labour.  Hay 
time,  again,  is  no  sinecure;  and  should  the  farmer  have  taken  a 
contract  for  leading  road  material,  his  horses  will  not  have  an  idle 
summer,  for  it  must  all  be  carted  and  shot  before  harvest. 
Harvest  hours  begin  early,  and  last  late.  Many  of  the  new 
machines  (reapers)  are  made  easy  of  draught,  but  even  the  best  of 
them  finds  a  laid  crop  bad  to  deal  with,  and  the  horses  have  to  stand 
as  much  wear  and  tear  as  the  machine.  It  is  the  poorest  economy  on 
a  farm  to  be  under-horsed.  Good  seasons  have  a  way  of  slipping  past 
so  quickly,  and  for  want  of  a  horse  or  two  necessary  work  gets  left 
undone,  never  to  be  caught  up  again. 
Possibly  after  all,  if  a  horse  could  speak  he  would  not  say  harvest 
was  his  hardest  work.  He  would  refer  mournfully  to  tho.-e  days 
when  he  slowly  and  laboriously  drew  the  heavy  Potato  digger  down 
the  tops  of  the  ridges,  or  patiently  went  to  and  fro  the  heap  with  a  cart 
piled  up  with  the  brown  tubers.  Mangold  time  is  no  joke.  Mangolds 
like  low  lying  land,  and  they  are  apt  to  be  allowed  to  stay  till  the 
season  is  far  advanced,  and  autumn  rains  have  softened  the  ground. 
There  are  365  days  in  the  year,  and  the  horse  must  be  well  fed  on 
all.  He  is  a  large  animal,  and  requires  a  good  bulk  of  food,  and  the 
