346 
JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
October  19,  1899. 
Book  (  W.  R.). — We  know  of  no  book  on  the  subject  you  mention, 
though  it  is  embodied  more  or  less  fully  in  several  works. 
Green  Dahlia  (W.  Booker).— Youi  specimen  is  an  example  of  Dahlia 
viridiflora,  which  is  well  known,  and  is  grown  merely  as  a  curiosity.  It 
has  been  described  by  Dr.  Masters  as  an  example  in  which  “  the  bracts  of 
the  involucre  and  the  scales  of  the  receptacle  had  all  assumed  the  form, 
texture,  and  venation  of  the  leaves.” 
Book  on  Table  Decorations  ( Inquirer ). — The  most  useful  book  on  table 
decorations  with  which  we  are  acquainted  is  published  by  Chapman, 
Hall  &  Co.,  London.  The  author  is  Mr.  W.  Low,  and  the  price,  we 
believe,  about  5s. ,  but  of  this  we  arc  not  sure.  You  can,  if  in  print, 
procure  it  through  any  bookseller  on  giving  the  title  with  the  author’s 
and  publisher’s  names. 
Spots  on  Large  Apple  ( Amateur ). — The  spots  are  caused  by  bitter 
rot  fungus,  Glieosporium  fructigenum,  but  the  small  black  pustules  are 
only  developed  on  one  of  the  larger  patches  of  decay,  and  noton  the  other 
very  numerous  smiller  brownish  or  blackish  spots.  Possibly  they  would 
appear  later,  though  there  is  no  evidence  of  this,  and  the  few  pustules 
present  have  not  broken  through  the  epidermis.  All  such  affected  fruit 
■should  be  burned. 
Diseased  Patch  on  Small  Apple  {Idem). — The  cause  of  the  diseased 
part,  now  occupied  by  a  saprophytic  fungus,  has  been  the  codlin  moth 
^Carpocapsa  pomonella),  which  long  ago,  in  caterpillar  form,  had  eaten 
its  way  to  the  pips,  destroyed  two,  and  then,  fully  fed,  eaten  its  way  out 
again,  to  become  next  spring  a  pupa.  It  passes  the  winter  dormant  in  a 
silken  cocoon  located  in  a  dry  snug  crevice  of  the  bark  or  similar  position, 
from  which  the  moth  emerges  at  the  end  of  May  or  early  in  June. 
Hyacinths  and  Tulips  in  Pots  {J.  R.  G.). — About  9ix  weeks  are 
required  for  the  pots  to  remain  plunged  in  ashes  or  cocoa-nut  fibre 
refuse  after  the  bulbs  are  potted.  Sand  may  be  employed.  We  invert  a 
small  pot  over  the  bulb  of  the  Hyacinth,  and  cover  with  about  6  inches  of 
cocoa-nut  fibre  refuse.  As  both  the  Hyacinths  and  Tulips  will  have 
grown  somewhat  when  they  are  removed  from  the  plunging  material,  care 
must  be  taken  not  to  expose  them  suddenly  to  strong  light  or  powerful 
sun,  but  they  must  be  gradually  inured  to  it,  so  as  to  prevent  the  foliage 
being  damaged.  Placed  in  a  light  airy  position  in  a  greenhouse  they  will 
flower  in  March  and  April.  A  suitable  compost  for  potting  the  bulbs  is 
turfy  loam  of  medium  texture  broken  up  moderately  fine,  to  which  add  a 
fifth  of  well  decayed  manure  or  a  fourth  of  leaf  soil  and  a  sixth  of  sharp 
sand.  A  quart  of  soot  may  be  added  to  every  bushel  of  compost,  and 
the  whole  thoroughly  incorporated. 
Spots  on  Apples  (  W.  II.  M.). — The  spots  on  both  the  Ribston  Pippin 
and  Old  Nonpareil  Apples  are  caused  by  the  ‘‘brown  fruit  rot”  fungus, 
Monilia  fructigenum,  now  just  pushing  the  early  form  of  its  reproductive 
bodies  (conidiophores  bearing  in  chain-',  or  concatenate,  the  summer  spores 
or  conidia)  through  the  skin.  The  disease  sometimes  attacks  the  flowers 
and  thus  finds  its  way  into  the  core  of  the  fruit  ;  hence  in  some  cases, 
especially  of  Pears,  they  rot  at  the  core,  spores  being  found  there  and  at 
the  top  end  of  the  fruit  in  some  instances,  but  they  are  actually  produced 
externally,  also  the  resting  bodies  or  sclerotia — small  black  growths 
amid  the  felted  mycelia.  The  most  successful  treatment  is  spraying  with 
dilute  Bordeaux  mixture — namely,  1  oz.  of  copper  sulphate  and  1  oz.  of 
quicklime  to  each  gallon  of  water,  (1)  just  before  the  blossoms  open; 
(2)  as  soon  as  the  lruit  is  well  formed,  adding  1  drachm  (avoirdupois)  of 
Pans  green  paste  to  each  gallon  of  the  dilute  Bordeaux  mixture  for  the 
codlin  moth  ;  and  (3)  repeat  the  application  twice  later  at  intervals  of  a 
fortnight.  All  infested  fruits  should  be  burned. 
Apple  Grub  {W.  F.  MI). — The  Apple  grub,  we  suppose,  is  the  cater¬ 
pillar  of  the  codlin  moth  (Carpocapsa  pomonella),  which  is  probably 
known  wherever  the  Apple  is  grown,,  and  the  most  generally  injurious 
Apple  insect.  The  practice  you  havp  been  pursuing  of  using  haybands 
■  round  the  stems  of  the  trees,  and  thus  catching  many  of  the  moths  as 
they  go  up  to  change,  and  also  keeping  fallen  fruit  closely  picked  up,  and 
we  suppose  consumed  at  once,  is  excellent.  Then  you  ask  if  Paris  green 
sprayed  on  directly  flowering  is  aver  would  be  of  any  use.  Our  reply 
is  in  the  affirmative,  and  you  may  use  1  oz.  of  Paris  green  paste  to 
20  gallons  of  water  as  soon  as  the  blossoms  have  fallen  off,  or  when  the 
Apples  are  the  size  of  a  pea,  and  before  they  have  turned  down  on  the 
stem,  as  some  varieties  do.  In  such  cases  it  is  desirable,  or  even  im¬ 
perative,  to  spray  upwards,  so  as  to  coat  the  eye  end  of  the  fruit,  especially 
with  Bears,  w'th  a  thin  film  of  the  Paris  green  mixture.  A  second,  or 
even  a  third  application,  ten  days  or  a  fortnight  after  the  previous  appli¬ 
cations,  is  generally  advisable,  and,  besides  destroying  the  codlin  moth, 
will  largely  prevent  the  injuries  of  the  various  leaf-eating  caterpillars  and 
other  pests.  Dressing  the  stems  of  the  trees  now  with  Horne’s  fruit  tree 
dressing  will  act  well  against  the  wingless  moths,  but  the  grease  bands 
will  not  even  catch  all  of  them,  as  some  females  find  their  way  up  other 
th  n  by  crawling.  The  grease  bands,  however,  will  catch  all  crawlers 
attempting  passage  over  them,  but  what  use  they  can  be  against  the 
codlin  moth  is  not  clear,  as  they  (caterpillars)  are  now  at  rest  in  their 
silken  cocoons.  As  to  your  last  queition,  “  Do  you  know  if  spraying 
with  a  solution  of  caustic  soda  ana  commercial  potash  (pearlash)  would 
destroy  the  chrysalis  of  the  Apple  grub  moth  on  the  trees  in  winter  ?  ” 
we  may  say  that  the  solution  kills  the  caterpillars  in  the  cocoons  reached 
by  it ;  but  the  cocoons  are  often  in  the  crevices  of  the  bark  where  no 
solution  of  the  kind  can  reach  them,  and  unless  these  are  wetted  so  as  to 
reach  the  caterpillars  inside,  they  are  perfectly  safe.  The  caterpillars  do 
not  become  pupae  until  the  spring,  but  remain  dormant,  or  at  least  non¬ 
feeding  in  the  cocoons  during  the  winter  months.  Spraying  with  Paris 
green  is  the  best  preventive,  but  it  is  to  be  remembered  that  moths  have 
wings,  and  may  come  from  neglected  gardens. 
Barometer  {H.  H). — We  have  heard  meteorologists  say  that  aneroid 
barometers  are  generally  unreliable  ;  but  this  does  not  appear  to  be  so 
in  your  case.  We  will  look  into  the  subject  and  reply  in  a  future  issue. 
Clematis  Dying  Suddenly  {Now  Reader). — It  is  impossible  to  give  the 
reason  for  this  without  full  particulars  and  specimens.  Sometimes 
Clematis  die  off  suddenly  because  their  union  with  the  rootstock  upon 
which  they  are  grafted  is  not  complete,  when  the  plant  collapses  alto¬ 
gether.  Occasionally  the  growths  die  back  to  firm  wood  near  the  base, 
and  is  due  to  some  injury  to  the  stem,  sometimes  caused  by  slugs,  at 
others  by  bettles,  or  by  fungus  which  destroys  the  tissues,  the  same  as  or 
allied  to  that  causing  the  collapse  of  Calceolarias.  Some  galvanised 
wire  acts  corrosively  on  plants  trained  on  it,  which  can  hardly  be  the 
cause  of  the  plants  dying  off  in  your  case,  as  some  are  not  affected  by  it. 
If  caused  by  the  wire,  painting  with  whitelead  paint,  or  other  colour  of 
which  lead  forms  the  body,  is  the  cure.  Clematises  do  not  long  remain 
healthy  in  soil  destitute  of  lime. 
Names  of  Bruits. — Notice. — We  have  pleasure  in  naming  good 
typical  fruits  (when  the  names  are  discoverable)  for  the  convenience  of 
regular  subscribers,  who  are  the  growers  of  such  fruit,  and  not  col¬ 
lectors  of  specimens  from  non-subscribers.  This  latter  procedure  is 
wholly  irregular,  and  we  trust  that  none  of  our  readers  will  allow 
themselves  to  be  made  the  mediums  in  infringing  our  rules.  Special 
attention  is  directed  to  the  following  decision,  the  object  of  which  is 
to  discourage  the  growth  of  inferior  and  promote  the  culture  of  superior 
varieties.  In  consequence  of  the  large  number  of  worthless  Apples  and  Pears 
sent  to  this  office  to  be  named,  it  has  been  decided  to  name  only  specimens  and 
varieties  of  approved  merit,  and  to  reject  the  inferior,  which  are  not  worth 
sending  or  growing.  The  names  and  addresses  of  senders  of  fruits  or 
flowers  to  be  named  must  in  all  cases  be  enclosed  with  the  specimens, 
whether  letters  referring  to  the  fruit  are  sent  by  post  or  not.  The 
names  are  not  necessarily  required  for  publication,  initials  sufficing  for 
that.  Only  six  specimens  can  be  named  at  once,  and  any  beyond  that 
a  umber  cannot  be  preserved.  They  should  be  sent  on  the  first  indication  of 
change  towards  ripening.  Dessert  Pears  cannot  be  named  in  a  hard  green  state. 
The  practice  of  pinning  numbers  to  the  eyes  of  the  Iruits  tends  to  destroy  one 
of  the  most  characteristic  features  and  increases  the  difficulty  of  identifica¬ 
tion.  When  Plums  are  sent  to  be  named  young  wood  of  the  trees  should 
accompany  them.  Leaves  of  the  trees  are  necessary  with  Peaches  and 
Nectarines,  with  information  as  to  whether  the  flowers  are  large  or 
small.  (  W.  F.  M.). — 1,  Bound  Winter  Nonesuch  (small) ;  2,  Bess  Pool ; 
3,  resembles  Small’s  Admirable,  but  very  small ;  4,  Hollandbury.  The 
Plum  is  probably  Jefferson,  but  as  we  state  in  the  rules  above  young 
shoots  must  be  sent  to  aid  identification.  {D.  II.). — 1,  Nelson  Codlin  ;  2, 
a  seedling  form  of  the  Blenheim  Pippin  ;  3,  Pickering’s  Seedling  ;  4, 
Marie  Louise  d’Uccle.  {E.  W.D.) — 1,  Louise  Bonne  de  Jersey  ;  2,  Beurrd 
Bose  ;  3,  Beurie  Diel  ;  4,  Calebasse  Grosse  ;  5,  Zephirin  Gregoire  ;  8, 
Beurr6  Hardy.  {Loughgall). — We  have  never  seen  an  Apple  exactly  like 
the  specimen  sent.  It  appears  to  be  a  form  of  the  Blenheim  Pippin,  and 
if  fruits  could  be  grown  of  the  same  size,  shape,  and  brilliancy  of  colour 
everywhere  there  would,  in  familiar  phrase,  bo  “  money  in  them.”  It  may, 
however,  be  a  specially  selected  sample.  Be  this  as  it  may,  it  is  decidedly 
beautiful.  (A.  C.  K.). — Warner’s  King,  slightly  malformed.  (W.  B.). — 
1,  Possibly  Hormead  Pearmain  ;  2,  Dutch  Mignonne  ;  3,  possibly  an 
imperfect  fruit  of  Lady  Sudeley  ;  4,  Winter  Greening  ;  5,  Scarlet  Pear- 
main  ;  6,  Kingston  Black.  {Ignoramus).  —  1,  Wormsley  Pippin  ;  2,  Old 
Nonesuch  ;  3,  Keddleston  Pippin  ;  6,  Small’s  Admirable  ;  7,  Claygate 
Pearmain  ;  8,  Egremont  Russet.  Read  rules  above  respecting  number  of 
varieties.  ( W.  H.  M,). — Herefordshire  Pearmain. 
Names  of  Plants. — We  only  undertake  to  name  species  of  cultivated 
plants,  not  wild  flowers,  or  varieties  that  have  originated  from  seeds  and 
termed  florists’  flowers.  Flowering  specimens  are  necessary  of  flo  wering 
plants,  and  Fern  fronds  should  bear  spores.  Specimens  should  arrive  in 
a  fresh  state  in  securely  tied  firm  boxes.  Thin  paper  boxes  arrive  in  a 
flattened  state.  Slightly  damp  moss,  soft  green  grass,  or  leaves  form  the 
>est  packing,  dry  wool  or  paper  the  worst.  Those  arrive  in  the  best 
jondition  that  are  so  closely  or  firmly  packed  in  soft  green  fresh  grass,  as 
to  remain  unmoved  by  shaking.  No  specimens  should  be  sent  to  rest  in 
the  post  office  over  Sunday,  on  which  day  there  is  no  delivery  of  postal 
matter  in  London.  Specimens  in  partially  filled  boxes  are  invariably 
injured  or  spoiled  by  being  dashed  to  and  fro  in  transit.  Not  more  than 
six  specimens  can  be  named  at  once,  and  the  numbers  should  be  visible 
without  untying  the  ligatures,  it  being  often  difficult  to  separate  them 
when  the  paper  is  damp.  {R.  B.). — 1,  Physianthus  (Araujia)  alben9  ; 
see  description  and  illustration  in  the  Journal  of  Horticulture,  February 
23rd,  1899,  page  149.  {R.  M.  D.). — 1,  Begonia  semperflorens  “Vernon,” 
also  known  as  Crimson  King  ;  2,  Nierembergia  gracilis  ;  3,  Browallia 
speciosa  major  ;  4,  Selaginella  uncinata,  popularly  known  as  S.  cassia  ;  5, 
S.  cuspidata  ;  6,  Cyrtoderia  rosea. 
TRADE  CATALOGUES  RECEIVED. 
W.  Atlee  Burpee  &  Co.,  Philadelphia. — Sweet  Peas. 
F.  Cant  &  Co.,  Colchester. —Poses. 
J.  Cheal  &  Sons,  Crawley. —  Trees  and  Shrubs. 
A.  G.  Green,  Great  Horkesley,  Colchester. — Roses. 
F.  C.  Heinemann,  Erfurt. — Novelties. 
H  Merryweather,  Southwell. — Fruit  Trees  and  Roses. 
T.  Rivers  &  Sod,  Sawbridgewortb. — Fruit  Trees  and  Roses. 
F.  Roemer,  Quedlinburg. — Novelties. 
J.  Veitch  &  Sons,  Ltd.,  Chelsea. — Hardy  Trees,  Shrubs,  Sfc. 
