October  26,  1899. 
JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER , 
371 
Grubs  in  Pots  ( Mancunian ). — The  grubs  are  the  larvae  of  a  destructive 
weevil  (Otiorhynchus),  a  brownish  beetle-like  creature  which  feeds  chiefly 
at  night  on  various  kinds  of  plants,  and  may  be  found  with  the  aid  of  a 
lantern  and  destroyed.  The  grubs  are  difficult  to  destroy — a  decoction  of 
hellebore  made  by  dissolving  2  ozs.  of  the  powder  in  a  gallon  of  hot  water 
and  applied  at  a  temperature  of  over  100°  might  be  tried. 
Names  of  Fruits.  —  Notice.  —  We  have  pleasure  in  naming  good 
typical  fruits  (when  the  names  are  discoverable)  for  the  convenience  of 
regular  subscribers,  who  are  the  growers  of  such  fruit,  and  not  col¬ 
lectors  of  specimens  from  non-subscribers.  This  latter  procedure  is 
wholly  irregular,  and  we  trust  that  none  of  our  readers  will  allow 
themselves  to  be  made  the  mediums  in  infringing  our  rules.  Special 
attention  is  directed  to  the  following  decision,  the  object  of  which  is 
to  discourage  the  growth  of  inferior  and  promote  the  culture  of  superior 
varieties.  In  consequence  of  the  large  number  of  worthless  Apples  and  Pears 
sent  to  this  office  to  be  named,  it  has  been  decided  to  name  only  specimens  and 
varieties  of  approved  merit,  and  to  reject  the  inferior ,  which  are  not  worth 
sending  or  growing.  The  names  and  addresses  of  senders  of  fruits  or 
flowers  to  be  named  must  in  all  cases  be  enclosed  with  the  specimens, 
whether  letters  referring  to  the  fruit  are  sent  by  post  or  not.  The 
names  are  not  necessarily  required  for  publication,  initials  sufficing  for 
that.  Only  six  specimens  can  be  named  at  once,  and  any  beyond  that 
number  cannot  be  preserved.  They  should  be  sent  on  the  first  indication  of 
change  towards  ripening.  Dessert  Pears  cannot  be  named  in  a  hard  green  state. 
The  practice  of  pinning  numbers  to  the  eyes  of  the  truits  tends  to  destroy  one 
of  the  most  characteristic  features  and  increases  the  difficulty  of  identifica¬ 
tion.  When  Plums  are  sent  to  be  named  young  wood  of  the  trees  should 
accompany  them.  Leaves  of  the  trees  are  necessary  with  Peaches  and 
Nectarines,  with  information  as  to  whether  the  flowers  are  large  or 
small.  (F.  L.). — 1.  Cox’s  Orange  Pippin  ;  2,  Golden  Noble  ;  3,  Alfriston; 
4,  Beurre  Hardy  ;  5,  Quite  rotten  ;  6,  Lord  Derby.  The  Apples  were  all 
tine  specimens.  (A.  <?.). — Court  Pendu  Plat.  (Z.  i?.). — 1,  Gascoyne’s 
Scarlet  Seedling  ;  2,  Warner’s  King  ;  3,  Golden  Winter  Pearmain  ;  4, 
Roundway  Magnum  Bonum  ;  5,  Wadhurst  Pippin;  6,  Waltham  Abbey 
Seedling.  ( A .  W.). — Comte  de  Lamy.  ( J .  J.  D.')—  1,  Emperor 
Alexander  ;  2,  not  recognised  ;  3.  Tibbett’s  Incomparable  ;  4,  Sandring¬ 
ham  ;  5,  Warner’s  King  (highly  coloured)  ;  6,  Beauty  of  Kent.  (A'.  Y.  Z.). 
— 1,  Rambour  Pranc  ;  2,  possibly  Pickering’s  Seedling  ;  3,  Herefordshire 
Beefing.  (G.  R.). — The  Apples  are  not  recognised  varieties  in  general 
cultivation  ;  tie  only  certain  method  of  increasing  them  is  by  grafting. 
Names  of  Plants  (C.  T.). — Michaelmas  Daisies  are  extremely  difficult 
to  name,  except  by  comparison.  1,  Flower  is  quite  closed  ;  2,  possibly 
Aster  diffusus  orientalis  ;  3,  Chrysanthemum  Parthenium  flore-pleno  ; 
4,  Hieracium  aurantiacum.  (JT.  Y.). — 1,  Crataegus  coccinea  ;  2,  Cornus 
mas  varipgata  ;  3,  Aster  ericoides  ;  4,  A.  pulchellus  ;  5,  A.  novse-anglias  ; 
6,  Clematis  flainmula. 
CO  VENT  GARDEN  MARKET.— October  25th. 
AVERAGE  WHOLESALE  PRICES.— FRUIT. 
Apples,  English,  per  sieve 
s.  d.  8.  d. 
3  0  to  5  0 
Cobnuts  per  100  lb.. . 
70  0 
0  0 
Figs,  green,  per  doz. 
1  0 
3  0 
„  French,  per  basket... 
1  6 
3  0 
Grapes,  black  . 
0  6 
3  0 
Lemons,  oase  . 
14  0 
20  0 
Melons  . each 
0  6 
1  6 
,,  Rock  .  „ 
1  9 
2  6 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d 
Nectarines,  per  doz. 
3 
Oto  6 
0 
Peaches,  per  doz . 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Pears,  Californian,  case... 
Pines,  St.  Michael’s,  each 
6 
0 
9 
0 
1 
0 
6 
0 
Plums,  Prune,  per  sieve... 
6 
6 
0 
0 
,,  Californian,  case... 
4 
0 
8 
0 
Walnuts,  fresh,  bushel  ... 
20 
0 
0 
0 
AVERAGE  WHOLESALE  PRICES.— VEGETABLES. 
b.  d. 
s.  d. 
s.  d. 
s.  d. 
Artichokes,  green,  doz.  ... 
2  0  to  3  0 
Lettuce,  doz.  ...  ...  ... 
1  3  to  2  0 
Aubergine,  per  doz . 
1  6 
2  0 
Mushrooms,  lb . 
0  21 
0  6 
Beans,  Scarlet,  sieve 
5  0 
6  0 
Mustard  and  Cress,  punnet 
0  2 
0  0 
Beet,  Red,  doz . 
0  6 
0  0 
Onions,  bag,  about  1  cwt. 
4  0 
4  6 
Cabbages,  per  tally . 
7  0 
0  0 
Parsley,  doz.  bunches  ... 
2  0 
4  0 
Carrots,  per  doz . 
2  0 
3  0 
Potatoes,  cwt . 
2  0 
5  G 
Cauliflowers,  doz . 
2  0 
3  0  1 
Shallots,  lb . 
0  3 
0  0 
Celery,  per  bundle . 
1  0 
1  3 
Spinach,  per  bushel . 
2  0 
4  n 
Cucumbers,  doz . 
2  0 
4  0 
Tomatoes,  per  doz.  lbs.  ... 
2  0 
5  0 
Endive,  doz.  . 
1  6 
2  0 
Turnips,  bunch . 
0  3 
0  4 
Herbs,  bunch  . 
0  2 
0  0 
Vegetable  Marrows,  doz. 
1  0 
1  6 
Leeks,  bunch  . 
0  3 
0  0  j 
Trade  improving. 
AVERAGE  WHOLESALE 
Arums  ...  ...  ...  ... 
s.  d.  s.  d. 
8  OtolO  0 
Asparagus,  Fern;  bunch... 
2  0 
2  6 
Carnations,  12  blooms  ... 
2  6 
3  6 
Cattleyas.  per  doz . 
12  0 
18  0 
Chrysanthemums,  white 
doz.  blooms 
6  0 
9  0 
„  yellow  doz.  blooms 
5  0 
8  0 
„  bunches  var. 
0  6 
1  6 
Eucharis,  doz . 
6  0 
8  0 
Gardenias,  doz . 
4  0 
6  0 
Geranium,  scarlet,  doz. 
bnchs.  ...  ...  ...  ... 
6  0 
12  0 
Lily  of  the  Valley,  12 
sprayB  . 
18  0 
24  0 
PRICES.— CUT  FLOWERS. 
s.  d. 
s.  d 
Lilium  Harrisi,  12  blooms 
6  0  to  8  0 
,,  lancifolium  album  ... 
3  6 
4  6 
„  ,,  rubrum... 
„  longiflorum,  12  blooms 
Maidenhair  Fern,  doz. 
3  6 
4  6 
6  0 
8  0 
bnchs . 
6  0 
8  0 
Marguerites,  doz.  bnchs. 
3  0 
4  0 
Mignonette,  doz.  bunches 
4  0 
6  0 
Odontoglossums  . 
5  0 
7  6 
Pelargoniums,  doz.  bnchs 
8  0 
12  0 
Roses  (indoor),  doz . 
6  0 
8  0 
,,  Red,  doz. ...  ...  ... 
6  0 
8  0 
„  Tea,  white,  doz.  ... 
3  6 
6  0 
„  Yellow,  doz.  (Perles) 
4  6 
6  6 
Smilax,  bunch . 
3  0 
4  0 
PLANTS  IN  POTS. 
Arbor  Vitse,  var.,  doz. 
s.  d.  s.  d. 
6  0  to  36  0 
Ficus  elastica,  each . 
s.  d.  s.  d. 
1  6  to  7  6 
Aspidistra,  doz. 
•  •• 
18  0 
36  0 
Foliage  plants,  var.,  each 
1  0 
5  0 
Aspidistra,  specimen 
•  •• 
15  0 
20  0 
Lilium  Harrisi,  doz. 
18  0 
24  0 
Chrysanthemums,  per 
doz. 
6  0 
8  0 
Lilium  lancifolium  album 
30  0 
40  0 
Crotons,  doz . 
18  0 
30  0 
,,  „  rubrum 
30  0 
40  0 
Dracaena,  var.,  doz.... 
•  •  • 
12  0 
30  0 
Lycopodiums,  doz . 
3  0 
6  0 
Dracaena  viridis,  doz. 
•  •• 
9  0 
18  0 
Marguerite  Daisy,  doz.  ... 
10  0 
18  0 
Erica  various,  doz.  ... 
•  •• 
30  0 
60  0 
Myrtles,  doz . 
6  0 
9  0 
Euonymus,  var.,  doz. 
•  •• 
6  0 
18  0 
Palms,  in  var.,  each 
1  0 
15  0 
Evergreens,  var.,  doz. 
•  •• 
4  0 
18  0 
„  specimens  . 
21  0 
63  0 
Ferns,  var.,  doz. 
•  •• 
4  0 
18  0 
Physalis,  per  pot  . 
2  0 
4  0 
„  small,  100  ... 
... 
4  0 
8  0 
AUTUMN  FEED  FOR  COWS. 
Whatever  branch  ot  agriculture  may  have  scored  a  success  this 
summer,  it  is  absolutely  certain  that  the  poor  cow-keepers  have  had 
a  rough  time  of  it.  Milk  selling  is  a  large  and  growing  trade,  but  it 
has  taxed  our  ingenuity  and  tried  our  faith  to  find  out  where  the 
profit  comes  in.  For  the  producer  prices  rule  low,  and  he  has  so 
many  chances  against  him.  Abortion,  though  not  quite  so  prevalent 
as  some  of  the  papers  would  have  us  believe,  is  still  a  serious  evil,  and 
one  which  occasions  great  loss  and  inconvenience  to  those  who  look  to 
their  cows  for  the  rent,  and  possibly  part  of  the  labour  bill.  Then 
there  is  another  loss,  arising  from  milk  fever.  This  may  almost,  if 
not  entirely,  be  classed  among  the  preventible  diseases,  yet  cases  will 
occur  more  frequently  than  desirable.  With  good  bullock  beef  cheap, 
it  is  easy  to  conceive  there  is  not  a  great  demand  for  cow  beef  of  an 
uncertain  age.  The  only  dear  stock  of  late  has  been  in  calvers,  and 
they  have  been  dear  enough. 
In  buying  there  is  always  a  risk  of  introducing  (if  it  is  not 
already  present)  that  dread  disease  tuberculosis,  so  difficult  of  detec¬ 
tion,  and  so  subtle  and  far  reaching  in  its  effects.  The  cow-keeper  is 
subjected  to  many  tiresome  but  necessary  regulations— regulations 
often  difficult  to  carry  out,  and  which,  of  course,  mean  outlay  of 
hardly  spared  cash.  It  is  quite  right  and  proper  that  all  precautions 
should  be  taken  that  the  public  get  wholesome  milk  from  healthy 
cows  in  healthy  surroundings,  hut  for  all  that  the  restrictious  press 
heavily  on  the  man  of  small  means. 
The  spring  of  1899  was  cold  and  backward;  late  frosts  affected 
and  checked  vegetation,  aDd  even  when  cows  were  turned  out  there 
was  not  a  very  gaudy  prospect  before  them. 
Taking  England  throughout,  there  is  a  good  deal  of  very  moderate 
grass— not  rich  in  milk-producing  qualities  under  the  best  circum¬ 
stances.  When  this  grass  does  not  get  a  good  start  in  the 
spring,  and  is  also  handicapped  by  excessive  drought  during  the 
summer  months,  it  does  not  require  a  genius  to  see  the  results. 
A  cow  is  a  large  animal,  requiring  much  bulk  of  food,  and  some  of 
that  food  at  any  rate  must  be  of  goxl  quality.  Quantity  and  quality 
she  needs,  and  this  summer  she  has  either  gone  without,  or  has  eaten 
gold  out  of  her  master’s  pocket. 
The  contracts  for  milk  are  made  before  there  can  be  a  true 
estimate  of  the  supply  of  summer  feed,  and  the  cow-keeper  has  to 
stand  all  the  chances  of  unpropitious  seasons  without  any  correspond¬ 
ing  rise  in  price.  In  some  cases  where  the  owners  were  exceptionally 
fortunate,  there  was  a  good  supply  of  old  hay.  Of  course  this  had  to 
be  used  instead  of  standing  over  to  help  out  the  deficiencies  of  this 
last  poorer  hay  crop.  There  were  also  men  who  owned  stretches  of 
good  fog  or  aftermath  ;  these  men  were  fortunate  in  the  extreme. 
Now  we  have  reached  a  time  when  all  grass  is  fast  losing  any 
good  qualities  it  ever  possessed.  The  grass  of  May,  June,  and  July 
is  or  ought  to  be  ideal  food  ;  the  grass  of  the  autumn  is  very  inferior 
stuff.  We  have  often  spoken  before  about  the  sensibility  of  cows  to 
external  influence  with  regard  to  milk  secretion.  A  cow  in  full  milk 
