406  JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER.  November  9,  1899. 
CATTYLEYA  EtJDORA  MADAME  ALBERT  HYE. 
Many  Cattleyas,  as  well  as  other  Orchids  of  more  than  average 
merit,  have  of  late  years  been  exhibited  in  London  by  growers  in 
Belgium,  and  amongst  the  most  successful  of  such  visitors  has  been 
Mons.  Jules  Hye,  Leysen.  This  enthusiastic  orchidist  is  a  com¬ 
paratively  frequent  participator  in  the  displays  of  the  Royal  Horti¬ 
cultural  Society,  and  when  he  is  represented  it  is  almost  invariably  by 
something  really  good.  The  variety  of  0.  Eudora  named  Madame 
Albert  Hye,  and  which  we  reproduce  in  fig.  75,  was  shown  by  Mons. 
Hye  at  one  of  the  early  summer  meetings  of  the  R.H.S.,  when  the 
Orchid  Committee  recommended  a  first-class  certificate.  It  is  a 
strikingly  handsome  form,  with  sepals  and  petals  of  a  pleasing  soft 
rose  shade  with  deeper  markings.  The  broadly  expanded  lip  is  rich 
velvety  crimson,  and  the  throat  is  yellow  with  crimson  veins. 
Masdevallia  Veitchiana-Estrad^, 
The  parentage  of  this  lovely  little  hybrid  Masdevallia  is  expressed 
in  its  name,  and  from  two  such  fine  species  one  would  naturally 
expect  a  bright  and  charming  progeny.  This  it  is,  and  a  most  free 
flowering  little  Orchid  as  well,  so  free  that  the  plants  are  covered  with 
flowers  for  weeks  together.  These  are  larger  than  those  of 
M.  Estradse,  and  resemble  them  most,  though  the  influence  of 
M.  Yeitchiana  is  apparent  in  the  scarlet  and  orange  colour.  It  was 
raised  in  Captain  Hincks’  collection  at  Richmond,  Yorks,  and  first 
flowered  in  1893. 
Cymbidium  cyperifolium. 
This  is  an  uncommon  but  pretty  species,  with  narrow  Rush-like 
foliage,  and  pseudo-bulbs  about  the  same  shape  as  C.  Lowianum,  only 
smaller.  The  flower  spikes  occur  in  the  same  manner,  and  the  flowers 
are  almost  exactly  like  those  of  a  small  form  of  C.  Tracyanum.  The 
white  lip,  with  bright  crimson  dots,  is  exceptionally  beautiful.  Its 
culture  is  the  same  as  for  the  other  species  here  named,  but  of  course 
the  pots  need  not  be  so  large.  It  likes  a  cool,  moist,  and  shady  house, 
with  ample  supplies  of  water  when  growing  freely. — H.  R.  R. 
HARDY  FRUIT  FOR  PROFIT— OUR  SHORTAGE 
IN  APPLES. 
We  find  in  the  “Wisbech  Advertiser”  what  appears  to  be  the 
full  text  of  a  paper  by  Mr.  R.  Lewis  Castle  which  was  read  at  a 
meeting  of  the  Wisbech  Natural  History  Society.  It  is  a  thoughtful 
and  excellent  production,  the  outcome  of  a  wide  field  of  observation 
as  well  as  of  exact  knowledge  gained  in  the  Duke  of  Bedford’s  experi¬ 
mental  station  at  Ridgmont.  Mr.  Castle  reminds  us  of  the  statement 
that  from  1883  to  1890  over  22=)  millions  of  bushels  of  Apples  were 
imported  into  this  country,  of  a  gross  value  of  £6,000,000  sterling, 
while  in  the  succeeding  years,  1890-1898,  the  imports  had  increased 
to  33  million  bushels,  valued  at  nearly  9J  millions  sterling.  If  there 
is  no  mistake  in  these  figures  our  shortage  in  the  fifteen  years 
amounted  to  55£  million  bushels,  value  15|  million  pounds. 
Seeing  that  there  has  been  a  great  increase  in  the  acreage  of  home¬ 
grown  fruit  during  the  period  named,  and  time  for  thousands  of  trees 
to  come  into  profitable  bearing,  we  have  striking  evidence  of  the 
increase  in  the  consumption  of  fruit  in  this  country,  an  increase  which 
is  bound  to  continue.  There  is  thus  ample  room  for  extended  cultiva¬ 
tion,  and  when  this  is  conducted  intelligently,  and  the  best  methods 
of  distribution  are  practised,  “a  living  and  something  more,”  as 
observed  by  Mr.  Castle,  is  to  be  made  by  the  production  of  hardy  fruit 
in  the  United  Kingdom.  But  he  rightly  intimates  that  this  is  not  to 
be  done  by  everybody  and  anywhere.  Asa  matter  of  fact,  losses  have 
been  incurred  by  men  who  have  been  induced  by  sensation  mongers  to 
rush  into  the  work  without  knowledge,  and  injury  is  done  by  the 
checks  thus  given  to  the  extension  of  an  important  industry. 
A  few  points  to  bear  in  mind  in  connection  with  our  prospective 
home  supply  of  hardy  fruit  are  :  1,  choose  sites,  soils,  and  varieties 
wisely  ;  2,  prepare  the  land  thoroughly,  plant  properly,  and  prune 
scientifically — which  means  on  simple  common-sense  principles  ;  3, 
cultivate  thoughtfully,  intelligently,  not  forcing  the  trees  by  over¬ 
manuring  when  young,  and  starving  them  by  lack  of  nourishment 
when  bearing  heavily  ;  4,  prevent  insect  and  fungoid  attacks  by  early 
action  in  spraying;  5,  thin  the  fruits  when  thickly  clustered  on  the 
branches,  especially  on  weakly  growing  trees ;  5,  gather  and  sort 
carefully,  pack  firmly  and  honestly.  Then  may  satisfactory  results 
be  expected  to  follow.  This  is  in  concise  form  the  advice  of  the 
Journal  of  Horticulture  at  the  beginning  of  the  planting  season  of  1899. 
SHOWS. 
TAUNTON. — October  31st  and  November  1st. 
The  Taunton  Deane  Horticultural  Society  has  held  many  successful 
summer  shows  in  this  town  in  the  past,  therefore  it  was  a  happy  thought 
to  resuscitate  the  Chrysanthemum  Show,  which  had  lapsed  for  ten  years. 
The  initial  venture  held  on  the  dates  named  was  a  success.  If  the  exhibits 
were  not  especially  numerous  they  possessed  much  quality,  making  in 
the  whole  a  pleasing  display,  and  one  that  augurs  well  tor  the  future. 
The  principal  class  in  the  comprehensive  schedule  of  prizes  was  that 
for  thirty-six  Japanese  blooms,  distinct,  for  which  a  silver  challenge  cup, 
value  10  guineas,  along  with  a  good  money  prize,  was  offered  ;  in  addition 
to  this  cash  prizes  for  other  winners  were  contained  in  the  schedule. 
Mr.  J.  Lloyd,  gardener  to  Vincent  Stuckey,  Esq.,  Langport,  Somerset, 
secured  the  coveted  award  for  a  grand  set,  of  which  the  following  were 
the  most  noteworthy — Duke  of  Wellington,  Rose  Wynne,  Madame  Louis 
Remy,  Edith  Tabor,  International,  Pride  of  Exmouth,  Elthcrne  Beauty, 
Mrs.  G.  W.  Palmer,  G.  J.  Warren,  Madame  Carnot,  Julia  Scaramanga, 
Swanley  Giant,  Wm.  Bardney,  Madame  G.  Bruant,  and  Mrs.  W.  Mease. 
The  smaller  classes  in  the  Japanese  section  were  well  filled,  the  exhibitors 
staging  really  creditable  examples.  In  the  classes  set  apart  for  incurved 
blooms  there  was  only  moderate  competition. 
A  handsome  blossom  of  Mrs.  W.  Mease  belonging  to  Mr.  Lloyd  in 
his  challenge  cup  stand  was  selected  as  being  the  premier  bloom  in  the 
show,  and  to  which  was  awarded  the  certificate  of  the  N.C.S.,  a  honour 
which  it  doubtless  deserved. 
Miss  E.  Broadmead  was  the  most  successful  competitor  in  the  group 
of  Chrysanthemums,  quality  of  blooms  to  be  the  leading  feature.  Plants 
of  such  varieties  as  Mrs.  Mease,  Australian  Gold,  Edwin  Molyneux, 
and  Pride  of  Madford  carried  exceptionally  handsome  blooms.  The 
arrangement  too  was  deserving  of  praise  ;  as  a  rule  the  plants  in  groups 
of  Chrysanthemums  are  far  too  much  huddled  together,  so  that  they  lose 
all  individuality.  Mr.  W.  E.  Cousens  secured  the  premier  award  in  the 
class  for  a  group  of  miscellaneous  plants  arranged  for  effect. 
Apples  made  a  great  display.  Non-competing  collections  were  not 
numerous  but  interesting,  adding  much  to  the  beauty  of  the  show.  Mr. 
W.  J.  Godfrey,  Exmouth,  had  a  pleasing  exhibit  of  new  Chrysanthemums. 
Artaxarxes,  a  new  yellow,  was  especially  noticeable,  as  were  Reginald 
Godfrey,  Le  Grand  Dragon,  and  Autumn  Glory.  Messrs.  R.  Veitch 
and  Son  had  a  pleasing  collection  of  Chrysanthemums,  Apples,  and  a 
really  fine  exhibit  of  Violets. 
TORQUAY.— October  3ist  and  November  1st. 
The  Torquay  District  Gardeners’  Association  held  its  fifth  annual 
Chrysanthemum  and  Fruit  Show  on  Tuesday  and  Wednesday,  October 
31st  and  November  1st.  The  groups  of  Chrysanthemums  were  very  good, 
the  chief  prize  being  obtained  by  Mr.  E.  Pople,  gardener  to  the  Rev.  A.  B. 
Wrey.  The  blooms  in  this  collection  were  fine,  E.  Molyneux,  Phoebus, 
and  Viviand  Morel  being  splendidly  shown.  Mr.  J.  Aggett,  gardener  to 
Dr.  Hamilton  CummiDg,  was  a  good  second  with  slightly  inferior  blooms. 
In  the  cut  flower  classes  Mr.  O.  R.  Prowse,  gardener  to  Dr.  W.  Ford 
Edgelow,  secured  the  first  prize  for  thirty- six  Japanese,  this  award  also 
including  the  National  Chrysanthemum  Society’s  silver  medal.  Mr. 
Howard,  gardener  to  G.  Furneaux,  Esq.,  was  second  ;  and  Mr.  T.  Hill, 
gardener  to  Rev.  H.  Hutchins,  third.  The  competition  in  vegetables  was 
very  keen,  Mr.  F.  E.  Peacock,  gardener  to  P.  W.  Bushby,  Esq.,  being 
first  in  the  collection.  Fruit  was  also  well  represented,  the  chief  honours 
being  secured  by  Mr.  T.  Warren,  gardener  to  the  Dowager  Lady  Haldon. 
Table  decorations  and  epergnes  formed  a  show  of  themselves.  Mr. 
J.  Davis  was  first  in  the  former  class  with  a  light  arrangement  of  yellow 
and  white.  Mr.  I.  House,  of  Westbury-on-Trym,  exhibited  Violets  ;  and 
Messrs.  Edwards  &  Son,  of  Nottingham,  specimens  of  their  Edwardian 
ware.  The  local  trade  was,  as  usual,  well  represented,  Messrs.  R.  Veitch 
and  Son  showed  an  interesting  collection  of  plants  and  fruit,  as  also  did 
Messrs.  Curtis,  Sanford  &  Co.,  Ltd.  The  other  honorary  exhibitors 
were  Messrs.  W.  Allward,  W.  Burridge  &  Sons,  G.  H.  Pearce,  Brooking 
Bros.,  Torquay  Technical  Gardening  Class,  and  W.  B.  Smale,  F.R.H.S., 
the  latter  exhibiting  an  attractive  group  of  Chrysanthemums,  including 
Madame  Edmund  Roger,  Chrysanthemiste  Bruant,  C.  Hooper  Pearson, 
and  other  new  varieties. 
The  Royal  Hungarian  Ladies’  Orchestra  gave  afternoon  and  evening 
performances  on  both  days.  The  exhibition  was  opened  by  the  Mayor 
and  Mayoress  of  Torquay  (Mr.  and  Mrs.  W.  Beavis),  accompanied 
by  the  President  (Dr.  R.  Hamilton  Ramsay)  and  a  number  of  local 
gentry.  The  show  was  largely  attended  on  both  days,  the  arrangements 
being  carried  out  by  Mr.  F.  C.  Smale  (Hon.  Secretary)  and  a  working 
Committee  of  twelve  gardeners. 
WOLVERHAMPTON.— October  31st,  November  1st  and  2nd. 
The  sixth  annual  Chrysanthemum,  Fruit,  and  Vegetable  Show  was 
held  on  the  above  dates,  and  was  in  some  respects  an  advance  on  any  of 
its  predecessors,  more  especially  in  the  cut  flower  classes.  The  arrange¬ 
ment  of  the  exhibits  reflected  much  credit  on  Messrs.  Wheeler  and 
Bradley,  the  respective  Secretary  and  Chairman,  and  other  members  of 
the  Committee.  There  was  an  excellent  show  of  Apples  and  Pears,  also 
Grapes  and  vegetables. 
For  a  group  of  Chrysanthemums,  not  to  exceed  12  feet  by  8  feet,  £4 
and  a  silver  cup,  valued  at  £10,  were  offered  as  the  first  prize.  There 
were  three  entries,  and  Mr.  G.  Bradley,  gardener  to  Miss  Perry,  Wergs 
Hall,  secured  the  coveted  premier  award,  and  Mr.  W.  Shingler,  gardener 
