Pebfuary  13, 1896. 
153 
JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
Eggs  of  Xnseot  ((?.  W.,  Worcester'), — The  eggs  enclosed  are  those 
of  a  moth  popularly  called  the  vapourer  (Orgyia  antiqaa),  from  the 
peculiar  or  undulating  flight  of  the  male  insect.  His  companion  is 
wingless,  and  in  autumn  she  deposits  her  eggs,  which  hatch  out  the 
following  April.  There  appears  to  be  a  succession  of  emergences  of 
the  winged  insect  during  the  summer.  It  is  one  of  the  insects  that  lives 
and  thrives  even  in  the  heart  of  smoky  towns.  The  food  of  the  cater¬ 
pillar  is  various  ;  probably  its  preference  is  for  Sloe  and  Hawthorn,  but 
it  is  often  found  both  on  Plum  and  Apple  trees,  also  on  the  Cherry, 
seldom  occurring,  however,  in  sufficiently  large  numbers  to  seriously 
damage  the  leaves.  It  is  curiously  adorned  with  pencils  or  “tussocks” 
of  hairs. 
Carnation  Leaves  Diseased  ( H .  H.). — The  leaves  are  infested 
by  the  fairy-ring  spot  fungus  (Heterosporium  echinulatum).  The 
common  name  was  suggested  by  Mr.  W.  G.  Smith,  from  the  circum¬ 
stance  that  the  growth  of  the  fungus  from  the  centre  of  the  spot  is 
centrifugal,  and  the  dark  colour  is  apt  to  be  arranged  in  concentric 
lines  or  rings,  representing  a  miniature  fairy  ring.  The  fungus  was 
first  described  by  the  Rev.  M.  J.  Berkeley  twenty-five  years  ago.  The 
spores  are  brown  in  colour,  and  when  produced  in  great  abundance,  as 
in  your  specimen,  together  with  the  threads,  darken  the  spot  upon  the 
leaf,  and  the  spot  then  possesses  different  shades  of  colour,  according 
to  the  number  of  spores  produced.  The  fungus  is,  to  a  great  extent, 
induced  by  a  damp  stagnant  atmosphere,  which  facilitates  its  develop¬ 
ment  from  the  spores.  The  plant  should  be  sprayed  with  a  solution  of 
permanganate  of  potash,  say  Condy’s  fluid  diluted  with  an  equal 
amount  of  rain  water,  or,  if  you  have  not  a  sprayer,  sponge  the  leaves 
carefully  with  the  solution.  It  may  be  necessary  to  repeat  the  dressing, 
giving  the  plants  plenty  of  air,  but  not  a  very  arid,  yet  comparatively 
dry  condition  of  the  atmosphere. 
Destroying:  Red  Spider  on  Cucumbers  and  Vines  without 
Injuring:  Foliage  (J.  IT.). — This  is  not  feasible,  for  the  “spider” 
has  already  done  some  damage,  and  nothing  will  prevent  injury 
becoming  manifest,  it  being  useless  to  think  of  restoring  destroyed 
tissue.  The  mites,  however,  may  be  killed  without  injury  to  the  foliage 
beyond  that  consequential  to  the  attack  by  heating  the  hot-water  pipes 
to  near  boiling  point,  and  coating  them  with  flowers  of  sulphur  in  the 
form  of  a  cream  with  skim  milk,  applying  with  a  brush.  It  must, 
however,  be  done  with  care  and  judgment,  otherwise  an  overdressing  will 
damage  the  foliage  and  fruit.  The  fumes  of  sulphur  stifle  the  red 
spider.  They  may  also  be  poisoned  by  recourse  to  nicotine  vapour  on 
a  calm  evening,  the  house  in  either  case  being  made  as  close  as  possible 
before  operating.  The  nicotine  is  applied  by  means  of  a  vapouriser, 
and  care  must  be  taken  not  to  give  too  much,  otherwise  the  foliage  of 
Cucumbers  and  Vines,  some  varieties  more  than  others,  will  be  injured. 
It  is  absolutely  necessary  to  repeat  the  fumigation  two  or  three  times 
at  intervals  of  three  or  four  days  in  order  to  effect  a  complete  riddance 
of  the  pests. 
Diseased  Fishes  (A7.  S.). — The  specimens  were  in  a  state  of  putre¬ 
faction  internally,  and  gave  off  an  offensive  sickly  odour.  On  examining 
them  the  gills  were  found  quite  normal,  free  from  confervoid  or 
fungal  bodies,  but  the  intestinal  parts  were  quite  decayed  and  swarming 
with  microbes,  chiefly  septic  bacteria,  and  such  as  are  usually  found  in 
infusions  of  dead  animal  or  vegetable  matter.  There  were  also  minute 
bodies  of  spherical  form,  which  resemble  (if  not  identical  with)  those  of 
typhoid  fever  spores.  The  slime  in  the  water  simply  contains  the  usual 
bodies  found  in  infusions  of  putrefying  organic  remains,  and  are  septic 
in  nature,  not  unlike  yeast  cells  in  form,  but  we  are  not  aware  that  they 
are  in  any  way  connected  with  disease  in  living  animals.  They, 
however,  produce  that  condition  of  the  water  which  is  more  or  less 
injurious  to  animal  life,  and  in  that  respect  may  so  weaken  the 
individual  as  to  induce  attack  by  malignant  micro-organisms.  The 
primary  cause  is  the  foulness  of  the  water,  which  unquestionably  is  due 
to  the  organic  matter  it  contains  ;  therefore,  the  proper  course  to  pursue 
is  to  clean  out  the  pond,  clear  away  all  the  water  and  filth,  and  put  in 
some  clean  gravel,  preferably  such  as  that  exposed  to  the  atmosphere  for 
some  time  or  taken  from  running  water.  It  would  be  advisable  to  cut 
off  the  objectionable  supply  of  water,  and  lay  on  fresh,  that  of  springs 
being  better  than  surface  water  containing  much  organic  matter, 
provided  it  does  not  contain  mineral  substances  of  a  nature  poisonous  to 
the  fish,  which  is  hardly  likely  in  ordinary  cases.  We  have  had  ponds — 
both  artificial  (cemented)  and  natural  (soil) — supplied  by  both  surface 
water  during  heavy  rains  and  at  other  times  by  spring  water,  and  found 
the  fish  thrive  admirably,  excepting  in  cases  of  foulness,  and  then  found 
Prussian  carp  the  only  species  that  survived,  but  even  this  chose  the 
least  foul  parts  of  the  pond  or  lake,  and  would  probably  have  perished 
had  it  not  been  cleaned  out  and  waterfowl  introduced. 
Names  of  Fruits. — Notice. — We  have  pleasure  in  naming  good 
typical  fruits  (when  the  names  are  discoverable)  for  the  convenience  of 
regular  subscribers,  who  are  the  growers  of  such  fruit,  and  not  col¬ 
lectors  of  specimens  from  non-subscribers.  This  latter  procedure  is 
wholly  irregular,  and  we  trust  that  none  of  our  readers  will  allow 
themselves  to  be  made  the  mediums  in  infringing  our  rules.  Special 
attention  is  directed  to  the  following  decision,  the  object  of  which  is 
to  discourage  the  growth  of  inferior  and  promote  the  culture  of  superior 
varieties.  In  consequence  of  the  large  number  of  worthless  Apples  and 
Pears  sent  to  this  office  to  be  named,  it  has  been  decided  to  name  only 
specimens  and  varieties  of  approved  merit,  and  to  reject  the  inferior , 
which  are  not  worth  sending  or  growing.  The  names  and  addresses  of 
senders  of  fruit  or  flowers  to  be  named  must  in  all  cases  be  enclosed  with 
the  specimens,  whether  letters  referring  to  the  fruit  are  sent  by  post  or 
not.  The  names  are  not  necessarily  required  for  publication,  initials 
sufficing  for  that.  Only  six  specimens  can  be  named  at  once,  and  any 
beyond  that  number  cannot  be  preserved.  They  should  be  sent  on  the 
first  indication  of  change  towards  ripening.  Dessert  Pears  cannot  be 
named  in  a  hard  green  state.  (<S.  E.). — The  fruit  resembles  Lemon 
Pippin  in  every  respect  but  that  of  colour.  We  suspect  the  variety  is 
an  unnamed  seedling  from  the  above.  (A.  T.  T.). — 1,  Cox’s  Orange 
Pippin  ;  2,  Wadhurst  Pippin  ;  the  remainder  are  probably  local  varieties 
that  have  never  had  recognised  names.  QM.  C.  C.) — 1,  Catillac  ; 
2,  Bellissime  d’Hiver.  ( Leamington ). — The  Apple  is  Gooseberry  Pippin, 
and  the  Pear  Catillac. 
XVames  of  Plants. — We  only  undertake  to  name  species  of  plants, 
not  varieties  that  have  originated  from  seeds  and  termed  florists’  flowers. 
Flowering  specimens  are  necessary  of  flowering  plants,  and  Fern  fronds 
should  bear  spores.  Specimens  Bhould  arrive  in  a  fresh  state  in  firm 
boxes.  Slightly  damp  moss,  soft  green  grass,  or  leaves  form  the  best 
packing,  dry  wool  the  worst.  Not  more  than  six  specimens  can  be  named 
at  once,  and  the  numbers  should  be  visible  without  untying  the  ligatures, 
it  being  often  difficult  to  separate  them  when  the  paper  is  damp. 
(IF.  C.). — The  leaf  sent  was  from  Crinum  Macowani.  To  get  this  plant 
to  flower  che  bulb  should  be  kept  quite  dry  during  the  winter,  and 
allowed  to  rest  in  a  temperature  of  about  40°.  When  growth  is  again 
apparent  in  early  spring  repot  and  remove  to  a  warmer  house,  where, 
all  other  conditions  being  favourable,  flowers  will  follow  in  due  course. 
The  specimen  of  creeper  was  so  withered  as  to  be  entirely  beyond 
recognition.  If  you  send  a  fresh  one  in  flower  we  will  endeavour  to 
oblige  you.  (i2.  A.). — All  your  specimens  were  quite  dead,  probably  due 
to  having  been  in  the  post  over  Sunday.  ( T .  C.). — 1,  Adiantum  gracil- 
limum  ;  2,  Asplenium  bulbiferum  ;  3,  Pteris  cretica  albo-lineata. 
( Orcliidist ). — 1,  2,  and  3  are  varieties  of  Odontoglossum  crispum  of  no 
particular  merit ;  4,  Dendrobium  nobile  ;  5,  Cattleya  Trianae  ;  6,  a 
fine  form  of  Laslia  anceps.  ( S .  R.  H.). — Specimen  totally  insufficient ; 
send  when  in  flower. 
COYENT  GARDEN  MARKET. — February  12th. 
There  have  been  no  particular  variations  in  the  market  of  late,  quantities  and 
prices  remaining  about  the  same. 
FRUIT. 
i.  d.  s.  d. 
Apples,  per  bushel  ..  ..  2  0  to  4  6 
„  Nova  Scotia,  barrel  13  0  17  0 
Grapes,  per  lb.  ......  1  3  26 
8. 
Lemons,  case  . 11 
Pears,  Californian,  per  case  0 
St.  Michael  Pines,  each  ..  2 
d  s.  d. 
0  to  14  0 
0  0  0 
0  6  0 
VEGETABLES. 
0. 
d 
8. 
d. 
,  H  .  %.  .  •-  r»  -  »  ■ 
a.  d. 
a 
d 
Beans,  per  lb . 0 
10 
to  1 
0 
Mustard  and  Cress,  punnet 
0  2 
to  0 
0 
Beet,  Red,  dozen . 1 
0 
0 
0 
Onions,  bushel . 
3  6 
4 
0 
Carrots,  bunch  ..  ..  ..  0 
3 
0 
4 
Parsley,  dozen  bunches  .. 
2  0 
3 
0 
Cauliflowers,  dozen  ..  ..  2 
0 
3 
0 
Parsnips,  dozen . 
1  0 
0 
0 
Celery,  bundle  . . 1 
0 
0 
0 
Potatoes,  per  cwt . 
2  0 
4 
0 
Ooleworts,  dozen  bunches  2 
0 
4 
0 
Salsafy,  bundle . 
1  0 
! 
6 
Cucumbers,  dozen  ..  ..  4 
0 
10 
0 
Seakale,  per  basket  ..  .. 
1  6 
1 
9 
Endive,  dozen  . 1 
3 
1 
6 
Scorzonera,  bundle  .. 
1  6 
0 
0 
Herbs,  bunch  . 0 
3 
0 
0 
Shallots,  per  lb . 
0  3 
0 
0 
Leeks,  bunch  . 0 
2 
0 
0 
Spinach,  bushel . 
2  0 
2 
3 
Lettuce,  dozen . 1 
3 
0 
0 
Sprouts,  half  siv . 
2  6 
0 
0 
Mushrooms,  per  lb . 0 
6 
,0 
8 
Tomatoes. per  lb. .  .. 
0  6 
0 
9 
Turnips,  bunch . 
0  3 
6 
o 
PLANTS 
IN  POTS. 
s. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
e.  d. 
8. 
d. 
Arbor  Vitae  (golden)  dozen  6 
0  to  12 
0 
Ferns  ■'small'/  per  hundred 
4  d 
to  6 
0 
Aspidistra,  dozen  ..  ..18 
0 
36 
0  < 
Ficus  elastica,  each  ..  .. 
1  0 
7 
0 
Aspidistra,  specimen  plant  6 
0 
10 
-a- 
Foliage  plants,  var.  each 
1  0 
5 
0 
Azalea,  per  dozen  ..  ..18 
0 
36 
0 
Genista,  per  dozen  , .  . . 
9  0 
12 
0 
Cineraria,  dozen  pots  . .  6 
0 
12 
0 
Hyacinths,  dozen  pots 
6  0 
12 
0 
Cyclamen,  dozen  pots  . .  8 
0 
15 
0 
Lycopodiums,  dozen  ..  .. 
3  0 
4 
0 
Dracaena,  various,  dozen  ..  12 
0 
30 
0 
Marguerite  Daisy, dozeu  .. 
6  0 
9 
0 
Dracaena  viridis,  dozen  . .  9 
0 
18 
0 
Myrtles,  dozen  . 
6  0 
9 
0 
Ericas,  various,  per  dozen  .  9 
0 
24 
0 
Palms,  in  var..  each  ..  .. 
1  0 
15 
0 
Euonvmus,  var.,  dozen  ..  6 
0 
18 
0 
,,  (specimens"'  ..  .. 
21  0 
S3 
0 
Evergreens,  in  var.,  dozen  6 
0 
24 
0 
Solanums,  per  dozen..  .. 
8  0 
12 
0 
Ferns  iu  variety,  dozen  ..  4 
0 
18 
0 
Tulips,  dozqn  pots  „ .  . . 
6  0 
8 
0 
AVERAGE  WHOLESALE  PRICES.- 
OUT  FLOWERS.— Orchid  Blooms  in  variety. 
0. 
d. 
0. 
d. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
Acacia  or  Mimosa  (French) 
Narcissi,  var..  doz.  bunches 
1  0  to  3 
0 
per  bunch . 0 
9 
;o  1 
6 
Orchids,  various,  doz.  blms. 
1  6 
12 
0 
Anemone  (French),  dozen 
Pelargoniums,  12  bunches 
6  0 
9 
0 
bunches . 2 
0 
4 
0 
Primula  (double),  uozen 
Arum  Lilies,  12  bloom9  ..  2 
.0 
4 
0' 
sprays  . 
0  6 
1 
0 
Asparagus  Fern,  per  bunoh  2 
0 
4 
0 
Roses  (indoor),  dozen 
1  0 
2 
0 
Azalea,  dozen  sprays  . .  ..  0 
6 
1 
0 
„  Tea,  white,  dozen 
2  0 
4 
0 
Bouvardias,  bunch  ..  ..  0 
6 
1 
0 
„  Yellow,  dozen  (Niels) 
3  0 
6 
0 
Camellias,  dozen  blooms  . .  0 
9 
1 
6 
„  Red,  dozen  blooms  .. 
6  0 
9 
0 
Carnations,  12  blooms  . .  1 
0 
3 
0 
„  Safrano  (English), 
Daffodils,  single,  doz.  blms.  1 
6 
2 
6 
dozen . 
1  6 
S 
0 
„  double,  doz.  blms.  0 
6 
1 
.0 
„  Safrano  (French),  per 
Eucharis,  dozen . 3 
0 
4 
0 
dozen  . 
1  6 
2 
0 
Gardenias,  dozen  ..  ..  6 
0 
12 
0 
„  Pink  (French), perdoz. 
3  0 
4 
0 
Geranium,  scarlet,  doz. 
Smilax,  per  bunch  . .  . . 
5  0 
6 
0 
bunches  . 4 . 
0 
9 
0 
Suowdrops,  dozen  bunches 
1  0 
1 
6 
Hyacinth  (Roman)  dozen 
Stephanotis,  dozen  sprays 
6  0 
9 
0 
sprays . 0 
4 
0 
9 
Tuberoses.  12  blooms.. 
0  6 
1 
0 
Hyacinths,  dozen  spikes  . .  2 
0 
4 
0 
Tulips,  dozen  blooms 
0  6 
1 
6 
Lilac  (French)  per  bunch  3 
0 
5 
6 
Violets  Parrne  (French), 
Lilium  longiflorum,  twelve 
per  bunch  . . 
4  0 
5 
0 
blooms  . 4 
0. 
6 
0 
„  Czar  (French),  per 
Lily  of  the  Valley,  dozen 
bunch  . .  . . 
2  0 
3 
0 
sprays . *  ..  0 
6 
1 
0 
„  Victoria  (French), 
Maidenhair  Fern,  doz.  behs.  4 
0 
8 
0 
12  bunches 
1  6 
2 
0 
Marguerites,  12  bunches  . .  2 
6 
4 
0 
„  English,  12  bunches 
1  0 
2 
0 
