196 
JOURNAL  OR  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
February  27,  1890. 
Insects  In  Soil  ((7.  E.). — The  small  white  creature,  just  discernible 
by  the  naked  eye,  but  easily  recognisable  by  a  pocket  lens,  belongs  to  the 
order  Thysanura,  Latr.  (Springtails)  and  family  Poduridae,  which  are 
not  “jumping,”  but  only  “run,”  and  is  named  Lipura  fimetaria,  Linn. 
The  specie*  is  very  common,  and  may  be  found  in  damp  earth  throughout 
the  year,  subsisting  on  decaying  matter,  but  often  engaged  in  feeding 
on  Carrot*,  Potatoes,  or  other  roots,  but  whether  it  is  the  cause  of  the 
eaten  places  in  which  it  is  found  is  undetermined  ;  yet  it  certainly  takes 
advantage  of  any  damaged  part, if  it  is  not  actually  the  first  and  sole  reason 
of  the  injury.  It  may  be  destroyed  by  dusting  with  quicklime,  which 
should  be  worked  into  the  soil  with  a  fork,  not  injuring  the  roots  of  the 
plants,  and  it  will  not  only  rid  the  soil  of  the  pests,  but  improve  it  in 
texture,  and  render  the  organic  matter  more  available. 
Perforated  Vine  leave*  ( Seymour ). — The  holes  appear  to  have 
been  caused  by  some  small  insect,  in  general  appearance  resembling 
those  of  the  black  Vine  weevil  (Otiorhynchu*  sulcatus),  which  you  may 
probably  capture  if  sheets  are  placed  on  the  floor  before  dark,  and  at 
night  entering  the  house  very  carefully,  and  with  a  lantern  kept  dark, 
shake  the  Vine  or  Vines  sharply,  then  turning  on  the  light  you  may  see 
the  enemy  on  the  cloth,  where  it  will  abide  a  short  time  feigning  death, 
but,  unless  soon  dispatched,  will  crawl  away  into  darkness  and  safe 
hiding.  It  is  possible,  however,  the  holes  are  only  caused  by  a  slight 
scorching  or  an  excess  of  vigour.  The  sponging  would  do  no  good,  but 
possibly  a  little  barm.  The  appearance  is  not  uncommon  on  very  robust 
Vines  without  any  attack  from  insects,  and  merely  arises  from  keeping 
the  house  too  moist,  and  not  ventilating  before  the  sun  has  increased  the 
temperature  considerably  in  tie  morning. 
Browallia  elata  ( Junior ). — A  stock  of  this  beautiful  and  very 
easily  managed  plant  can  readily  be  raised  from  seed  sown  in  4-inch  pots 
previously  crocked,  and  filled  to  the  rim  with  a  light  compost  consisting 
of  three  parts  of  sandy  loam  and  one  of  leaf  mould.  Cover  the  seeds 
lightly  with  some  fine  soil,  then  put  the  pots  in  heat  and  cover  them 
with  a  square  or  two  of  glass  and  a  little  moss,  which  must  be  removed 
as  soon  as  the  seedlings  appear  through  the  soil.  From  this  time  the 
seedlings  should  be  gradually  inured  to  light  and  air  to  prevent  them 
from  making  a  weakly  growth,  and  with  this  object  in  view  the  plants 
should  be  grown  on  shelves  near  the  glass.  A  board  resting  on  a  few 
flower  pots  or  bricks  in  an  early  Melon  or  Cucumber  frame  would  be  a 
most  suitable  place  in  which  to  grow  the  plants  in  their  earlier  stages, 
protecting  them  from  the  ravages  of  slugs  by  dusting  a  mixture  of  fresh 
soot  and  quicklime  along  the  board  on  each  side  of  the  plants.  Three 
plants  in  a  pot  will  be  sufficient,  and  the  superfluous  ones  should  be 
pulled  out  before  they  become  crowded,  and  be  transplanted  in  4- inch 
pots  if  necessary  to  increase  the  number  of  plants.  If  larger  plants  are 
desired  a  portion  of  the  stock  should  be  shifted  into  6  or  8-inch  pots, 
and  those  in  the  4-inch  pots  should  be  top-dressed  with  a  mixture  of 
pulverised  horse  droppings  and  loam  when  the  plants  attain  a  height  of 
10  or  12  inches. 
Names  of  Fruits. — Notice. — We  have  pleasure  in  naming  good 
typical  fruits  (when  the  names  are  discoverable)  for  the  convenience  of 
regular  subscribers,  who  are  the  growers  of  such  fruit,  and  not  col¬ 
lectors  of  specimens  from  non-subscribers.  This  latter  procedure  is 
wholly  irregular,  and  we  trust  that  none  of  our  readers  will  allow 
themselves  to  be  made  the  mediums  in  infringing  our  rules.  Special 
attention  is  directed  to  the  following  decision,  the  object  of  which  is 
to  discourage  the  growth  of  inferior  and  promote  the  culture  of  superior 
varieties.  In  consequence  of  the  large  number  of  worthless  Apples  and 
Pears  sent  to  this  office  to  be  named ,  it  has  been  decided  to  name  only 
specimens  and  varieties  of  approved  merit,  and  to  reject  the  inferior , 
which  are  not  worth  sending  or  growing.  The  names  and  addresses  of 
senders  of  fruit  or  flowers  to  be  named  must  in  all  cases  be  enclosed  with 
the  specimens,  whether  letters  referring  to  the  fruit  are  sent  by  post  or 
not.  The  name*  are  not  necessarily  required  for  publication,  initials 
sufficing  for  that.  Only  six  specimens  can  be  named  at  once,  and  any 
beyond  that  number  cannot  be  preserved.  They  should  be  sent  on  the 
first  indication  of  change  towards  ripening .  Dessert  Pears  cannot  be 
named  in  a  hard  green  state.  (27  IF.). — The  Apple  is  in  all  pro¬ 
bability  a  local  seedling  that  has  never  had  a  name.  (P.  B.  C.). — 
1,  Bramley's  Seedling  ;  2,  Beauty  of  Stoke.  3,  Cox’s  Orange  Pippin. 
(P.  M.  S). — The  Apples  are  fine  examples  of  Wellington.  (P.  G.  M.). 
—  1,  Minchull  Crab  ;  2,  Lane’s  Prince  Albert  ;  3,  Round  Winter 
Nonesuch  ;  4,  Striped  Beefing ;  5,  Brabant  Bellefleur ;  6,  Lord  Derby. 
(P.  J.  A.). — 1,  Bedfordshire  Foundling ;  2,  Yorkshire  Greening  ; 
3,  Tower  of  Glamis.  (P.  S.). — 1,  Josephine  de  Malines  ;  2,  Nouvelle 
Fulvie  ;  3,  Bergamotte  Esperen  ;  4,  Nec  Plus  Meuris.  (P.  M.). — The 
specimen  sent  closely  resembles  Dr.  Harvey,  though  we  do  not  think  it 
is  that  variety.  It  is  certainly  an  Apple  of  great  merit. 
Names  of  Plants. — We  only  undertake  to  name  *pecies  of  plants, 
not  varieties  that  have  originated  from  seeds  and  termed  florists’  flowers, 
Flowering  specimens  are  necessary  of  flowering  plants,  and  Fern  fronds 
should  bear  spores.  Specimens  should  arrive  in  a  fresh  state  in  firm 
boxe*.  Slightly  damp  moss,  soft  green  grass,  or  leaves  form  the  best 
packing,  dry  wool  the  worst.  Not  more  than  six  specimens  can  be  named 
at  once,  and  the  numbers  should  be  visible  without  untying  the  ligatures, 
it  being  often  difficult  to  separate  them  when  the  paper  is  damp. 
(27  S.).— Ccelogyne  species  ;  but  the  flowers  were  too  much  damaged  for 
identification.  (ffi.  O'R ).  —  1,  Daphne  Mezereum  atro-rubrum  ; 
2,  Cotoneaster  microphylla  ;  3,  Berberis  Darwini ;  4,  B.  stenophylla  ; 
6,  Cratsegus  pyracantha  (seedlings  of  this  vary  in  size  of  foliage)  ; 
6,  Abies  cephalonica.  (N  G.). — 1  and  2,  forms  of  Cattleya  Trianae  ; 
3,  Cypripedium  Spicerianum. 
GARDENERS’  CHARITABLE  AND  PROVIDENT 
INSTITUTIONS. 
The  Gardeners’  Royal  Benevolent  Institution.— Secretary ) 
Mr.  G.  J.  Ingram,  50,  Parliament  Street,  London,  W.C. 
United  Horticultural  Benefit  and  Provident  Society. — 
Secretary ,  Mr.  W.  Collins,  9,  Martindale  Road,  Balham,  London,  S.W. 
Royal  Gardeners’  Orphan  Fund.— Secret  ary,  Mr.  A.  F.  Barron, 
The  Royal  Gardeners’  Orphan  Fund,  Chiswick,  W. 
COVENT  GARDEN  MARKET.— February  26th. 
Market  very  quiet  indeed. 
FRUIT. 
1. 
d. 
0. 
d. 
8. 
d 
8. 
d. 
Apples,  per  bushel  ..  .. 
2 
0 
to  4 
6 
Peachos,  Gape,  per  case 
8 
OtolO 
0 
„  Nova  Scotia,  barrel 
13 
0 
17 
0 
Pears  „  ,. 
,  . 
8 
0 
10 
0 
Grapes,  per  lb . 
1 
3 
3 
0 
St.  Michael  Pines,  each 
«  • 
2 
0 
6 
0 
Lemons,  case  . 
11 
0 
14 
0 
VEGETABLES. 
B. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
Asparagus,  per  100  ..  .. 
6 
0 
to  6 
6 
Mustard  and  Cress,  punnet 
0 
2  to  0 
0 
0 
10 
1 
9 
3 
6 
4 
0 
Beet,  Red,  dozen . 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Parsley,  dozen  bunches 
•  • 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Carrots,  bunch . 
0 
3 
0 
4 
Parsnips,  dozen  ..  .. 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Cauliflowers,  dozen  ..  .. 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Potatoes,  per  cwt.  .. 
•  • 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Celery,  bundle  . . 
1 
0 
(V 
0 
Salsafy,  bundle  ..  .. 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Ooleworts,  dozen  bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Seakale,  per  basket  .. 
•  • 
1 
6 
1 
9 
Cucumbers,  dozen  ..  .. 
4 
0 
10 
0 
Scorzonera,  bundle  .. 
•  • 
1 
8 
0 
0 
Endive,  dozen 
1 
3 
1 
6 
Shallots,  per  lb . 
0 
3 
0 
0 
0 
3 
0 
0 
0 
0 
4 
6 
Leeks,  bunch  . 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Sprouts,  half  siv..  .. 
1 
3 
0 
0 
Lettuce,  dozen . 
1 
3 
0 
0 
Tomatoes .  per  lb.  .. 
•  • 
0 
6 
0 
9 
Mushrooms,  per  lb . 
0 
8 
0 
8 
Turnips,  bunch  ..  .. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
PLANTS  IN  POTS. 
8.  d. 
8. 
d. 
1. 
d. 
1. 
d. 
Arbor  Vitae  (golden)  dozen 
6  0  to  12 
0 
Ferns  in  variety,  dozen  .. 
4 
0  to  18 
0 
Aspidistra,  dozen  ..  .. 
18  0 
36 
0 
Ferns  (small)  per  hundred 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Aspidistra,  specimen  plant 
5  0 
10 
6 
Ficus  elastica.  eaoh  ..  .. 
1 
0 
7 
0 
Azalea,  per  dozen 
18  0 
36 
0 
Foliage  plants,  var.  each 
1 
0 
6 
0 
Cineraria,  dozen  pots 
6  0 
12 
0 
Genista,  per  dozen  . .  . . 
9 
0 
12 
0 
Cyclamen,  dozen  pots 
8  0 
15 
0 
Hyacinths,  dozen  pots 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Daffodils,  dozen  pots..  .. 
6  0 
9 
0 
Lycopodiums,  dozen  ..  .. 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Dracasna,  various,  dozen  .. 
12  0 
30 
0 
Marguerite  Daisy, dozen  .. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
9  0 
18 
0 
Myrtles,  dozen . 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Ericas,  various,  per  dozen  . 
9  0 
24 
0 
Palms,  in  var.,  each  ..  .. 
1 
0 
15 
0 
Euony mus ,  var.,  dozen  . . 
6  0 
18 
0 
,,  (specimens)  ..  ..21 
0 
S3 
0 
Evergreens,  in  var.,  dozen 
6  0 
24 
0 
Tulips,  dozen  pot*  ..  .. 
6 
0 
8 
0 
AVERAGE  WHOLESALE 
PRICES.- 
OUT  FLOWERS.— Orchid  Blooms 
in  vaiiety 
8.  d 
8. 
d. 
«. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
Acacia  or  Mimosa  (French) 
Narcissi,  var..  doz.  bunches 
0 
9  to  2 
0 
per  bunch . 
0  9 
to  1 
6 
Orchids,  various,  doz.  blms. 
1 
6 
12 
0 
Anemone  (.French),  doztn 
Pelargoniums,  12  bunches 
6 
0 
9 
0 
bunches . 
2  0 
4 
0 
Primula  (double),  dozen 
Arum  Lilies,  12  blooms  .. 
2  0 
4 
0 
sprays  . 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Asparagus  Fern,  per  bunoh 
2  0 
4 
0 
Roses  (indoor),  dozen 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Azalea,  dozen  sprays  . .  . . 
0  6 
0 
9 
„  Tea,  white,  dozen 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Bouvardias,  bunch  ..  .. 
0  6 
1 
0 
„  Yellow,  dozen  (Niels) 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Camellias,  dozen  blooms  . . 
0  9 
1 
6 
„  Red,  dozen  blooms  .. 
3 
0 
8 
Q 
Carnations,  12  blooms 
1  0 
3 
0 
„  Safrano  (English), 
Cyclamen,  dozen  blooms  .. 
0  3 
0 
6 
dozen . 
1 
6 
3 
0 
Daffodils,  single,  doz.  blms. 
1  6 
2 
6 
„  Safrano  (French),  per 
„  double,  doz.  blms. 
0  4 
0 
9 
dozen  . 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Eucharis,  dozen . 
3  0 
4 
0 
„  Pink  (French), perdoz. 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Gardenias,  dozen  ..  .. 
4  0 
9 
0 
Smilax,  per  bunch  ..  .. 
S 
0 
9 
0 
Geranium,  scarlet,  doz. 
Soowdrops,  dozen  bunches 
0 
6 
0 
9 
bunches . 
4  0 
6 
0 
Stephanotis,  dozen  sprays 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Hyacinth  (Roman)  dozen 
Tuberoses.  12  blooms..  .. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
sprays . 
0  4 
0 
9 
Tulips,  dozen  blooms 
0 
6 
1 
6 
Hyacinths,  dozen  spikes  . . 
2  0 
4 
0 
Violets  Parme  (French), 
Lilac  (French)  per  bunch 
3  0 
5 
6 
per  bunch  . .  . . 
4 
0 
5 
0 
Lilium  longiflorum,  twelve 
„  Czar  (French),  per 
blooms  . 
2  6 
4 
0 
bunch  . .  . . 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Lily  of  the  Valley,  12  sprays 
0  6 
1 
0 
„  Victoria  (French), 
Maidenhair  Fern,  doz.  bchs. 
4  0 
8 
0 
12  bunches  .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Marguerites,  12  bunches  . . 
2  6 
4 
0 
„  English,  12  bunches 
1 
0 
2 
0 
OATS. 
“  Tempora  mutantur,  et  nos  mutamur  in  illiB.”  It  is  just 
the  forgetfulness  of  this  old  and  trite  saying  which  is  at  the 
root  of  some  of  our  failures,  especially  our  failures  from  an 
agricultural  standpoint.  We  do  so  hang  to  old  customs,  old 
manners,  and  old  habits,  ignoring  the  fact  that  the  “  old  order 
changeth,”  and  gives  place  to  the  new,  if  not  better;  the  better- 
ness  we  have  often  to  prove.  It  does  not  answer  now  to  be  a 
