433 
October  Jfl,  18M.  JOtJRl^AL  OP  HOttTlCtjLTtjtii:  AAtJ)  COTTAGE  GARDENER, 
Ojrolamenfl  Flowering  too  Early  (jETejrr/).— The  Cyclamen  now 
throwing  vp  their  flowers  and  not  wanted  in  bloom  before  the  new  year, 
should  be  kept  somewhat  cool  so  as  to  time  them  to  come  in  at  the 
proper  season.  It  will  not  answer  to  remove  all  the  buds  that  can  now 
be  seen  in  a  young  state,  at  that  means  preventing  flowers  to  the  extent 
of  the  buds  removed,  and  to  secure  more  new  growth  must  be  made  and 
buds  formed,  these  being  merely  leaves  transformed,  and  that  means 
deferring  flowering  for  another  year. 
Dwarf  Chryaanthemums  (F.  J.). — The  plant  2  feet  high  in  a 
4-incb  pot,  carrying  a  bloom  9  inches  across,  is  not  at  all  common,  and 
indicates  excellent  culture  ;  but  have  you  not  made  a  mistake  in  respect 
to  some  of  the  other  dwarfs  1  You  say  the  tops  of  the  blooms  of  plants 
in  48*8ize  pots  are  only  9  inches  from  the  bottom  of  the  pots,  and  the 
blooms  are  larger  than  the  pots.  Supposing  the  pots  are  5  inches  high, 
and  the  blooms  4  inches  deep,  there  does  not  seem  to  be  much  room  for 
the  stem,  even  allowing  for  the  drooping  of  the  florets.  If  you  have 
made  no  mistake  in  writing,  and  we  have  not  misread  your  letter,  we 
should  like  to  see  one  of  the  sturdy  little  plants. 
Fuchsia  Deaves  Diseased  (iSnatZ). — There  are  a  few  outgrowths 
of  the  Willow  Herb  mildew  (Ooipora  epilobi)  on  the  leaves,  this  fungus 
attacking  Fuchsias,  and  causing  the  leaves  and  sometimes  the  flowers 
to  drop.  It  usually  occurs  in  moist  weather  following  a  dry  period. 
There  is  no  remedy,  as  the  work  of  the  parasite  is  endophytic,  but  it  may 
be  prevented  from  spreading  by  dusting  the  plants  on  the  under  side  of 
the  leaves  with  any  of  the  advertised  fungicides  in  powder,  the  lightest 
possible  coating  sufSces.  The  plant  should  be  generously  treated  at  the 
roots  another  season  after  it  gets  in  free  growth,  using  liquid  manure 
occasionally,  taking  care  not  to  over-water  nor  allow  the  soil  to  become 
too  dry,  as  both  are  injurious,  the  latter  often  causing  the  buds  to  drop, 
and  the  former  destroying  the  roots.  Cuttings  are  best  inserted  during 
the  spring  or  early  summer,  half-ripened  young  growths  being  the  best. 
It  is  now  too  late,  but  rather  firm  growths  will  sometimes  callus  and 
form  roots. 
Propagating  Frame  Over  Hot>water  Pipes  (^Propagator). — 
We  have  tried  various  plans,  such  as  placing  a  box  on  the  pipes  and  other 
means  of  getting  warmth  in  the  plunging  material,  but  the  best  we 
found  over  forty  years  ago.  We  had  a  large  flower  garden  to  provide 
plants  for,  and  very  little  convenience  for  striking  cuttings.  We  had 
two  structures  in  which  it  could  be  done,  one  heated  by  a  flue  and  the 
other  with  hot- water  pipes.  In  the  case  of  the  flue  we  built  a  4^-inch 
single  brick  wail  from  the  floor  and  close  to  the  flue  so  as  to  enclose  the 
heat,  running  it  about  12  inches  higher  than  the  flue  cover  and  across  the 
ends  on  the  top  of  the  flue.  Tnis  formed  a  bed,  and  on  this  we  placed 
clean  rubble,  roughest  at  bottom  and  finest  at  the  top,  making  level  with 
the  brickwork.  We  then  had  a  frame  made  to  rest  on  the  brickwork, 
about  a  foot  high  at  back  and  9  inches  in  front,  and  put  in  the  requisite 
material  for  plunging  the  pots  or  pans.  The  rubble  formed  a  sort  of 
reservoir  for  the  heat  from  the  flue,  and  although  only  used  at  night  and 
in  frosty  weather,  we  had  only  to  fill  and  refill  as  the  cuttings  became 
rooted.  In  the  other  case  we  enclosed  the  hot-water  pipes  in  a  brick 
wall  to  the  extent  required,  there  being  two  pipes,  a  flow  and  return,  one 
above  the  other,  so  as  to  form  a  bed  2  feet  wide,  carrying  the  wall 
(4J  inch)  9  inches  above  the  pipes,  and  taking  care  to  close  the  ends 
by  masonry.  Clean  rubble  was  placed  about  the  pipes  and  to  the  level 
of  the  brickwork,  forming  a  receptacle  for  holding  the  heat,  and  then  a 
frame  fitting  in  the  brickwork  with  a  few  inches  of  plunging  material 
did  the  rest.  Those  are  the  best  plans  we  have  tried.  Placing  boxes  on 
the  pipes  without  the  chamber  is  a  very  uncertain  process,  as  the  heat  is 
not  sufficiently  confined  to  maintain  a  steady  temperature  but  fiuctuating 
with  that  of  the  pipes,  being  sometimes  hot  and  sometimes  cold,  instead 
of  steady  and  regularly  continued. 
XTames  of  Fruits. — Notice. — We  have  pleasure  in  naming  good 
typical  fruits  (when  the  names  are  discoverable)  for  the  convenience  of 
regular  subscribers,  who  are  the  growers  of  such  fruit,  and  not  col¬ 
lectors  of  specimens  from  non-subscribers.  This  latter  procedure  is 
wholly  irregular,  and  we  trust  that  none  of  our  readers  will  allow 
themselves  to  be  made  the  mediums  in  infringing  our  rules.  Special 
attention  is  directed  to  the  following  decision,  the  object  of  which  is 
to  discourage  the  growth  of  inferior  and  promote  the  culture  of  superior 
varieties.  In  congeguence  of  the  large  numier  of  worthless  Apples  and 
Pears  sent  to  this  gfiioe  to  be  named,  it  has  been  decided  to  name  only 
specimens  and  varieties  of  approved  merit,  and  to  reject  the  inferior, 
which  are  not  worth  sending  or  growing.  The  names  and  addresses  of 
Benders  of  fruit  or  flowers  to  be  named  must  in  all  cases  be  enclosed  with 
the  specimens,  whether  letters  referring  to  the  fruit  are  sent  by  post  or 
not.  The  names  are  not  necessarily  required  for  publication,  initials 
sufficing  for  that.  Only  six  specimens  can  be  nam^  at  once,  and  any 
beyond  that  number  cannot  be  preserved.  2^ey  should  be  sent  on  the 
first  indication  of  change  towards  ripening.  Dessert  Pears  cannot 
be  named  in  a  hard  green  state.  (C.  C.).  —  Pear  Belmont.  The 
Apple  is  in  all  probaoility  a  loc*!  seedling  that  has  never  had  a  recog¬ 
nised  name.  (17.  H.). — 1  Beurr^  Diel  ;  2.  resembles  Swan’s  Egg,  hut 
it  is  rotten;  3,  Rymer.  (A.  H).  —  Verulam.  (W,  17.  W).  —  1.  Not 
known,  pronably  local  ;  2,  Bedfordshire  Foundling,  well  coloured  ; 
3,  in  all  probability  a  local  seedling  ;  4,  Cox’s  Pomona  ;  5,  Mar^chal  de 
Cour  ;  6,  an  unknown  and  worthless  continental  variety.  (T,  77.  C). 
— 1,  Fearn’s  Pippin ;  2,  unknown,  possibly  a  local  seedling ;  3,  Hall 
Door.  (E.  S.  A.'). — 1,  Doyennd  du  Comice;  2,  Mar^chal  de  Cour; 
3,  Durondeau  ;  4,  Beurr6  Superfin  ;  5,  possibly  Dunmore,  but  the  stalk 
was  broken  ;  6,  Duchesse  d’Angoul^me, 
zrames  of  Flantu. — We  only  undertake  to  name  species  of  plants, 
not  varieties  that  have  originated  from  seeds  and  termed  florists’  flowers. 
Flowering  specimens  are  necessary  of  flowering  plants,  and  Fern  fronds 
should  bear  spores.  Specimens  should  arrive  in  a  fresh  state  in  firm 
boxes.  Slightly  damp  moss,  soft  green  grass,  or  leaves  form  the  best 
packing,  dry  wool  the  worst.  Not  more  than  six  specimens  can  be  named 
at  once,  and  the  numbers  should  be  visible  without  untying  the  ligatures, 
it  being  often  difficult  to  separate  them  when  the  paper  is  damp. 
(D.  11  D.). — You  are  right ;  the  plants  belong  to  the  Goosefoot  family, 
Cbenopodium  album  and  C.  rubrum. 
COVBNT  GARDEN  MARKET.— October  28th. 
FRUIT. 
Apples,  4  sieve  . .  . . 
Pilbertsand0obs,perl001b8. 
Crapes,  per  lb . 
•  •  «  • 
Asparagus,  per  100 
Beans,  J  sieve  ..  ..  . 
Beet.  B»d,docen . 
Oarro;.s,  bunch . 
Cauliflowers,  dozen  ..  , 
Celery,  bundle  ..  ..  , 
Ooleworts,  dozen  bunohei 
Ououmbera,  dozen  ..  , 
Endive,  dozen  . 
Herbs,  bunch  . 
Leeks,  bunch  ..  ..  . 
Lettuce,  dozen . 
Slviahrooms,  per  lb.  ..  , 
Arbor  Vltse  (various)  doz. 
Aspidistra,  dozen  . .  . . 
Aspidistra,  specimen  plant 
Ohrysanthemums,  per  doz. 
„  per  plant 
Draossna,  various,  dozen  .. 
DracEena  viridis.  dozen  . , 
Erica,  per  dozen . 
„  hyema  is  per  dozen 
Buonymus.  var.,  dozen _  .. 
Evergreens,  in  variety, 
dozen  ..  ..  ..  .. 
Perns  ill  variety, dozen  .. 
Perns  (small)  per  hundred 
AVBRAaB  WHOLESALE 
Arum  Lilies,  12  blooms  .. 
Asparagus  Pern,  per  bunch 
Asters,  dozen  bunches 
Bouvardias,  bunch  ..  .. 
Oarnatious.  12  blooms 
Ohrysanthemums,  dozen 
bunches  . 
Ohrysanihemums,  cozen 
blooms  . 
Eucharis,  dozen . 
Gardenias,  dozen  ., 
Geranium,  scarlet,  doz. 
bunches  . 
Hyacinths  (Roman)  12 
sprays,  and  per  bunch  . . 
Lilac,  White  (Prenchy,  per 
bunch . 
Lilium  longiflorum,  twelve 
blooms  . 
lanoifolium,  12  blooms 
Lily  of  the  Valley,  12sprajs, 
and  per  bunch . 
Marguerites,  12  bunches  .. 
f. 
d 
fl. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
1 
3 
to  2 
6 
Lemons,  case  ..  .. 
11 
0  to  14 
0 
26 
0 
27 
6 
Plums,  J  sieve  . .  . . 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
6 
1 
6 
St.  Michael  Fines,  each 
•  • 
2 
0 
6 
0 
VEGETABLES. 
s. 
d. 
d. 
B. 
d. 
a. 
d. 
0 
0 
to  0 
0 
Mustard  and  Oress,  punnet 
0 
2  to  0 
6 
1 
3 
1 
6 
Onions,  bushel  ..  .. 
3 
6 
4 
0 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Parsley,  dozen  bunches 
•  • 
2 
0 
3 
0 
0 
3 
0 
4 
Parsnips,  dozen  .,  .. 
Potatoes,  per  cwt.  .. 
1 
0 
0 
0 
2 
0 
3 
0 
•  • 
2 
0 
4 
0 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Salsafy,  bundle  ..  .. 
1 
0 
1 
0 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Seakaie,  per  basket  ., 
•  • 
0 
0 
0 
0 
1 
0 
2 
6 
Scorzonera,  bundle  .. 
a  • 
1 
6 
0 
0 
1 
3 
1 
6 
Shallots,  per  lb  ..  .. 
Spinach,  pad  ..  .. 
0 
3 
0 
U 
0 
3 
0 
0 
0 
0 
4 
6 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Sprouts,  hall  siv..  .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
1 
3 
0 
0 
Tomatoes,  per  lb.  .. 
•  • 
0 
2 
0 
0 
0 
6 
0 
8 
Turnips,  bunoh  ..  . 
•  • 
0 
3 
0 
4 
PLANTS 
IN  POTS. 
B. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
6 
Oto  36 
0 
Picns  elastics,  each  .. 
•  ■ 
1 
0 
to  ' 
0 
18 
0 
36 
0 
Foliage  plants,  var.  each 
1 
0 
6 
0 
6 
0 
10 
8 
Hyacinths  (Roman),  dozen 
8 
0 
4 
0 
9 
0 
pots . 
0 
10 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Lycopodiums,  dozen  . . 
•  • 
3 
0 
4 
0 
12 
0 
30 
0 
Marguerite  Daisy, dozen 
. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
9 
0 
18 
0 
Myrtles,  dozen  ..  .. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
9 
0 
12 
0 
F^ms,  in  var..  eaob  .. 
•  • 
1 
0 
16 
0 
12 
0 
18 
0 
,,  (specimens'  .. 
21 
0 
63 
0 
6 
0 
18 
0 
Pelargoniums,  scarlets,  per 
dozen 
2 
0 
4 
0 
6 
0 
24 
0 
Primula  sinensis,  per  dozen 
4 
0 
6 
0 
4 
0 
18 
0 
Solanums,  per  dozen  . . 
•  • 
12 
0 
16 
0 
4 
0 
6 
0 
PRIOBS.— 
OUT  FLOWERS. — Orchid  Blooms  In  vi  riety 
s. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
4 
0 
to  6 
0 
Maidenhair  Pern,  per  dozen 
1 
0 
2 
6 
bunches . 
4 
0  to  8 
0 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Mignonette,  per  dozen 
0 
4 
0 
9 
bunches . 
2 
0 
4 
0 
0 
6 
2 
0 
Orchids,  various,  per  dozen 
blooms  . 
1 
6 
12 
0 
3  0  6  0 
n 
1  0 
2  6 
1  6 
S  0 
0  8 
3  6 
3  0 
1  6 
0  9 
1  0 
4 
4 
3 
6 
1 
5 
5 
3 
1 
3 
0  I 
0  I 
0  I 
i 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
6 
0 
0  6 
0  9 
3  0 
1  0 
Pelargoniums.  12  bunches  I 
Pyrethrum,  dozen  ouucbes  1  6 
Roses  (indoor),  dozen 
„  Tea,  white,  dozen 
,,  Yellow,  dozen  (Niels) 
,,  Red.  dozen  blooms  .. 
,,  Safrano  (English), 
dozen . 
„  Pink,  per  dozen  . .  . . 
„  dozen  bunches  .. 
Smilax,  per  bunch  ..  .. 
Stephanotis,  dozen  sprays 
Tuberoses.  12  blooms. . 
Violet  Parme,  per  bunch  . . 
„  per  doz.  bunches  . . 
„  (French),  per  dozen 
bunches 
6  0 
3  0 
1 
2 
6 
1 
2 
2 
9 
3 
4 
0 
4 
1  6 
2  0 
0  0 
MICHAELMAS  AND  MARTINMAS. 
What  of  the  outlook?  Where  are  the  bright  days  of  St. 
Luke’s  little  summer  that  materially  shorten  the  gloom  of  this 
season  ?  Can  anyone  understand  this  English  climate  ?  Last 
autumn  found  us  sweltering  under  a  tropical  sun ;  our  coldest 
days  were  in  October— a  mild  pleasant  winter,  dykes  as  dry  in 
February  as  at  midsummer;  a  prolonged  drought  broken  only 
by  occasional  showers.  What  promised  to  be  an  early  harvest, 
with  some  fields  cut  as  soon  as  July  18th,  dragging  out  its 
weary  length  to  the  middle  of  October.  What  chance  has  the 
poor  farmer  to  meet  his  liabilities  that  come  so  thickly  upon 
him  now  ?  Heavy  labour  bills  both  for  corn  harvest  and  Potato 
gathering.  A  long  harvest  always  means  a  dear  one,  and  harvest 
